Czech presidential election, 2003

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Czech presidential election, 2003
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←  1998 15, 24 January & 28 February 2003 2008  →

  Vaclav Klaus headshot.jpg Jan Sokol.jpg
Nominee Václav Klaus Jan Sokol
Party ODS ČSSD
Electoral vote142
(final round) 		124
(final round)
Percentage53.4%46.6%
President before election

Václav Havel
Independent

Elected President

Václav Klaus
ODS

Czech Republic
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The 2003 Czech presidential election took place in January and February 2003 to elect a new President of the Czech Republic. The Parliament of the Czech Republic failed to elect a candidate on the first 2 ballots on the 15 and 24 January. However on the third round of the third ballot on the 28 February, Václav Klaus was elected President.

President of the Czech Republic

The President of the Czech Republic is the elected formal head of state of the Czech Republic and the commander-in-chief of the Military of the Czech Republic. Unlike counterparts in other Central European countries such as Austria and Hungary, who are generally considered figureheads, the Czech president has a considerable role in political affairs. Because many powers can only be exercised with the signatures of both the President and the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, responsibility over some political issues is effectively shared between the two offices.

Czech Republic Republic in Central Europe

The Czech Republic, also known by its short-form name, Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,866 square kilometres (30,450 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with 10.6 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city is Prague, with 1.3 million residents. Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava, Olomouc and Pilsen. The Czech Republic is a member of the European Union (EU), NATO, the OECD, the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe.

Parliament of the Czech Republic

The Parliament of the Czech Republic or just Parliament is the legislative body of the Czech Republic, seated in Malá Strana, Prague.

Contents

Background and procedure

In 2003 Václav Havel had served the maximum 2 consecutive terms as President of the Czech Republic, with his second term ending on 2 February 2003. A joint session of the Parliament of the Czech Republic was held on the 15 January 2003 to elect his successor. [1]

Václav Havel playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and 1st President of the Czech Republic

Václav Havel was a Czech statesman, writer and former dissident, who served as the last President of Czechoslovakia from 1989 until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992 and then as the first President of the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2003. As a writer of Czech literature, he is known for his plays, essays, and memoirs.

A joint session or joint convention is, most broadly, when two normally separate decision-making groups meet together, often in a special session or other extraordinary meeting, for a specific purpose.

Before the constitution was amended in 2012 to establish direct presidential election, [2] the President of the Czech Republic was elected indirectly by a joint session of the Czech Parliament. [1] Each ballot had 3 rounds, with a candidate needing an absolute majority of both the 200 members of the Chamber of Deputies and the 81 members of the Senate in order to be elected in the first round. [3] When no candidate achieved a majority in both houses of parliament in the first round, then a second round was held between the best-placed candidate in the Chamber vote and the best-placed candidate in the Senate vote, again with an absolute majority needed to get in both houses, [4] but only among the members who were present at the election.

If the second round was also unsuccessful, then in the third round a candidate needed to win a majority of all present members of parliament, but with votes of both chambers being taken together. [4] So if all the members of parliament were present a candidate would need 141 votes, from a combination of deputies and senators, in order to be elected in the third round. [5] When no candidate is elected in all 3 rounds, the process would be repeated at further joint sessions until a candidate was elected. [5]

Parties in parliament

PartyChamber of DeputiesSenateBoth ChambersEndorsed Candidate
1st Ballot2nd Ballot3rd Ballot
Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)
70 / 200
11 / 81
81 / 281
 Jaroslav Bureš Miloš Zeman Jan Sokol
Civic Democratic Party (ODS)
58 / 200
26 / 81
84 / 281
 Václav Klaus
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM)
41 / 200
3 / 81
44 / 281
 Miroslav Kříženecký Václav Klaus [6]
Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU-ČSL)
21 / 200
16 / 81
37 / 281
 Petr Pithart Jaroslava Moserová Jan Sokol
Freedom Union – Democratic Union (US-DEU)
10 / 200
11 / 81
21 / 281
 Petr Pithart Jaroslava Moserová Jan Sokol
Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA)
0 / 200
5 / 81
5 / 281
 Petr Pithart Jaroslava Moserová
SNK European Democrats (SNK ED)
0 / 200
2 / 81
2 / 281
INDEPENDENTS (NEZ)
0 / 200
2 / 81
2 / 281
Independents
0 / 200
5 / 81
5 / 281

Candidates

NamePartyOccupationNote
No image.svg Jaroslav Bureš ČSSD Minister of JusticeHe participated in Social democratic primaries but came second. He was nominated for the first ballot of election.
Vaclav Klaus headshot.jpg Václav Klaus ODS Leader of ODS, former Prime MinisterHe decided to run for president after his party lost 2002 legislative election. He announced his candidature on 12 October 2002. He was nominated by ODS. [7] His victory was considered unlikely. [6]
No image.svg Miroslav Kříženecký KSČM Lawyer, politicianHe was nominated by Communist party. [8]
No image.svg Jaroslava Moserová ODA SenatorShe was nominated by a group of Liberal parties for the second ballot. [9]
Petr Pithart (2016).jpg Petr Pithart KDU–ČSL Senator and former Prime MinisterHe was nominated by KDU-ČSL. [10] He participated in 1st ballot in which he was front-runner prior to voting. [6]
Jan Sokol.jpg Jan Sokol ČSSDPhilosopherHe was nominated by ČSSD for the third ballot. [11]
Milos Zeman.jpg Miloš Zeman ČSSD Former leader of ČSSD, former Prime MinisterHe announced his candidature on 22 September 2002. [12] He won party's primaries and was nominated in 2nd ballot because he refused to participate in 1st ballot. [13]

Other potential candidates

NamePartyOccupationNote
Madeleine Albright.jpg Madeleine Albright Democratic Party American politician and diplomat, former United States Secretary of StateShe was suggested by Václav Havel as his successor. [14] There were rumors that she seriously considers to run. [15] She eventually refused to run for President. [16]
Petra Buzkova.jpg Petra Buzková ČSSD Minister of EducationShe was suggested as possible candidate by Václav Havel and she was offered nomination by some members of ČSSD but she refused. [17]
No image.svg Václav Fischer IndependentSenator and businessmanHis candidature was speculated due to his popularity in 2002. There was a poll that gave him a chance to win the direct vote. He said that he plans to run in 2008 if the direct vote is introduced. [18]
Kg-foto2.jpg Karel Gott IndependentSingerGott said that he would run for the office if Czech president is elected directly. [19] [20] He later endorsed Václav Klaus. [21]
No image.svg Helena Illnerová ČSSD, KDU-ČSL, US-DEUPresident of Czech Academy of Sciences Suggested as potential candidate of governing coalition for third ballot. [22]
No image.svg Pavel Klener ČSSD, KDU-ČSL, US-DEUChairman of Czech Oncologist SocietySuggested as potential candidate of governing coalition for third ballot. [22]
No image.svg Otakar Motejl ČSSD Ombudsman of the Czech RepublicHe participated in presidential primaries of ČSSD and was considered one of the front-runners in the election. [23] His presidential bid ended when he came third in the primaries and lost to Zeman and Bureš. Despite his lost, he still had strong support in party's leadership. [24] He was later suggested for third ballot but it was declined by governing parties. [25]
No image.svg Martin Potůček ČSSD University professor, public policy analyst, journalist.He participated in presidential primaries of ČSSD but received only 5% of votes.
Pavel Rychetsky (2011).jpg Pavel Rychetský ČSSD Minister of JusticeHe was suggested by ČSSD for third ballot but Rychetský declined . [26] [27]
No image.svg Jakub S. Trojan ČSSD TheologistPlanned to participate in presidential primaries of ČSSD. [28]
No image.svg Ivan Wilhelm ČSSD, KDU-ČSL, US-DEUChairman of Charles University Suggested as potential candidate of governing coalition for third ballot. [22]
No image.svg Rudolf Zahradník ČSSD Former President of Czech Academy of Sciences Announced as candidate in presidential primaries of ČSSD but withdrawn prior voting. [29]

Opinion polls

First ballot

Initial candidates

The leading party in the government coalition, the Social Democratic Party, nominated a former justice minister Jaroslav Bureš. [30] He defeated a former leader of his party and Prime Minister, Miloš Zeman, for the nomination, despite Zeman winning a party primary, causing splits in the party. [31] Zeman was a rival of the Prime Minister and Social Democrat leader Vladimír Špidla and Bureš was an attempted compromise candidate for the party. [5]

Czech Social Democratic Party Czech political party

The Czech Social Democratic Party is a social-democratic political party in the Czech Republic. It holds 15 seats in the Chamber of Deputies following the 2017 legislative election, losing 35 seats. The party has been led by Jan Hamáček since 2018. It has been a junior coalition party within a minority cabinet since June 2018, and was a senior coalition party from 1998 to 2006 and from 2013 to 2017.

A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice or secretary of justice. In countries where this agency is called a department the head of the department is entitled attorney general, for example in the United States. Monaco is an example of a country that does not have a ministry of justice, but rather a Directorate of Judicial Services that oversees the administration of justice. Vatican City, a country under the sovereignty of the Holy See, also does not possess a ministry of justice. The legislative body is overseen by the President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State.

Jaroslav Bureš is a Czech lawyer, politician, former Minister of Justice and presidential candidate in 2003. He is a judge at a High court in Prague.

The junior party in the coalition, the Christian Democratic Party, meanwhile nominated the chairman of the Senate and former Prime Minister between 1990 and 1992, Petr Pithart as their candidate. [30] [32] He was also supported by the Freedom Union party, another party in the governing coalition. [31]

Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak Peoples Party Czech political party

The Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (Czech: Křesťanská a demokratická unie – Československá strana lidová, KDU–ČSL, often shortened to lidovci is a Christian-democratic political party in the Czech Republic. The party took part in almost every Czech Government since 1990. In the June 2006 election, the party won 7.2% of the vote and 13 out of 200 seats; but in the 2010 election, this dropped to 4.4% and they lost all their seats. The party regained its parliamentary standing in the 2013 legislative election, winning 14 seats in the new parliament, thereby becoming the first party ever to return to the Chamber of Deputies after dropping out.

Petr Pithart Czech politician, lawyer and political scientist

Petr Pithart is a Czech politician, lawyer and political scientist who served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 6 February 1990 to 2 July 1992. He was also the Senator for Chrudim from 1996 to 2012 and served as President of the Senate from 18 December 1996 to 16 December 1998 and again from 19 December 2000 to 15 December 2004.

The Freedom Union–Democratic Union was a small, pro-european liberal party in the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2011.

The main opposition party, the Civic Democratic Party, chose the former leader of the party and Prime Minister, Václav Klaus, as their candidate. [30] Klaus declared his candidacy in October 2002 and stepped down as leader of his party in December, after having led his party to defeat at the 2002 parliamentary election. [31] [33]

The final candidate in the election was Miroslav Kříženecký, a former military prosecutor, who was supported by the Communist Party. [30]

Voting

Petr Pithart came second in the first ballot of the election Pithart Petr 6168.JPG
Petr Pithart came second in the first ballot of the election

Reports before the election had Petr Pithart and Václav Klaus as the favourites for the election, due to disunity in the Social Democrats, with the Social Democrats and some Communists expected to support Pithart on the second round against Václav Klaus. [34] [35] However there was scepticism that any candidate would be able to be elected in the first ballot on the 15 January 2003. [36] Before the votes the outgoing President Václav Havel delivered a farewell speech for which he received a standing ovation, after urging legislators to follow their conscience. [37]

The first vote saw no candidate elected, but with the Social Democrat candidate, Jaroslav Bureš, and the Communist candidate, Miroslav Kříženecký being eliminated with both receiving 46 votes from deputies and senators. [1] [38] Almost half of the Social Democrats lawmakers did not vote for Bureš, highlighting the divisions within the party. [1] Very surprising was low support for Petr Pithart. He received only 20 votes in Chamber of Deputies even though KDU-ČSL that nominated him had 21 Members of the Chamber. [6]

Václav Klaus and Petr Pithart competed in the next two rounds but neither was able to be elected, [39] with Klaus getting the most votes in the Chamber of Deputies, while Pethart received the most votes in the Senate in all three election rounds. [40] Klaus led throughout and in the third round received 113 votes to 89 for Pithart, [38] but as 84 legislators submitted empty ballots neither was able to reach the required 141 votes. [40] The first ballot showed disunity of ČSSD during the election. It also showed that Klaus has much higher support than it was expected. [6]

Round Václav Klaus Petr Pithart Jaroslav Bureš Miroslav Kříženecký
DeputiesSenatorsDeputiesSenatorsDeputiesSenatorsDeputiesSenators
1st92312035397442
123554646
2nd77324643----
10989--
3rd80334440----
11389--

Second ballot

Milos Zeman was unexpectedly knocked out after coming third in the first vote of the second ballot. Milos Zeman, Brno, 2008.jpg
Miloš Zeman was unexpectedly knocked out after coming third in the first vote of the second ballot.

Following the first ballot the five parties in parliament agreed to try again on the 24 January. [1] Václav Klaus, after leading in the first ballot, was renominated by the Civic Democrats, [1] but no other party again supported the candidates they had nominated in the first ballot. [5]

On the 18 January the Social Democrats nominated the former Prime Minister Miloš Zeman as their candidate in the next ballot. [41] The party leadership was reported to have given him an "overwhelming majority" in the vote on the party's candidate. [41] However Zeman was a rival of the Social Democrat leader and Prime Minister, Vladimír Špidla, and his election was seen as possibly furthering divisions in the party. [41] Meanwhile the 2 junior parties in the governing coalition, the Christian Democrats and the Freedom Union, nominated senator and former diplomat Jaroslava Moserová, who would have been the first female Czech president if she had won the election. [5] [42] [43] It was expected that second ballot will be duel between Klaus and Zeman. This was nicknamed "Clash of Titans." [44]

In the first round Miloš Zeman was surprisingly eliminated after winning 78 votes from deputies and 5 from senators. [43] His elimination came after Klaus came first among deputies with 89 votes, while Moserová came first among the senators with 43 votes. [43] Zeman was reported to have been opposed by some Social Democratic legislators in order to prevent him from getting into a position to challenge Prime Minister Špidla. [5] In the second round the deputies again supported Klaus, but the senate voted 42-33 in favour of Moserová. [45] This led to a third round being held, which Klaus won by 127 votes to 65, but with 85 blank votes Klaus failed to reach the required 141 votes. [46]

Round Václav Klaus Jaroslava Moserová Miloš Zeman
DeputiesSenatorsDeputiesSenatorsDeputiesSenators
1st89322543785
1216883
2nd85333242--
11874-
3rd95322639--
12765-

Between the second and third ballots

The presidential term of Václav Havel finished on the 2 February, which meant that legislators had 30 days to elect a successor according to the constitution. [47] During the period in which there was no president, the powers of the president were assumed jointly by the Prime Minister Vladimír Špidla and the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies Lubomír Zaorálek. [48] This was the first time the Czech Republic had been without a President. [48]

Opinion polls showed the population strongly supported changing the constitution to allow the direct election of the president by popular vote, with political leaders indicating they would attempt to make this change if a third attempt to elect a president was unsuccessful. [47] On the 5 February a popular Czech singer, Karel Gott, indicated he would be interested in standing if direct popular election was introduced. [47]

Following his defeat in the first round of the second ballot Social Democrat Milos Zeman announced he would not run in a third ballot. [46] However the leader of the opposition Civic Democrats, Mirek Topolánek, restated his party's support for Václav Klaus on the 3 February and called for a new election date to be set. [49] The Speaker Lubomír Zaorálek said on the 7 February that the third ballot would be held on the 28 February. [50]

Third ballot

Vaclav Klaus was elected on the third vote of the third ballot Vaclav Klaus headshot.jpg
Václav Klaus was elected on the third vote of the third ballot

Since the failed second ballot the 3 parties in the governing coalition, the Social Democrats, Christian Democrats and Freedom Union, had held talks in an attempt to agree on a candidate. [51] On the 19 February 2003 the 3 parties nominated Jan Sokol, the Dean of Charles University in Prague, who formerly had for a short time been education minister in a caretaker government. [51] Sokol had been unanimously backed by the 63 Social Democratic deputies present at a party meeting earlier and if all the legislators from the governing coalition backed Sokol they would be able to elect him as president. [51] By the 25 February a total of 97 legislators from the governing coalition in the Chamber of Deputies signed a declaration to officially nominate Sokol. [52]

At the third ballot on the 28 February 2003, Václav Klaus led on the first 2 votes against Jan Sokol, but failed to reach the necessary majority, as deputies voted in favour of Klaus, but senators favored Sokol. [53] However on the third vote Klaus won the support of 142 legislators, narrowly achieving the necessary 141 votes to defeat Sokol who won 124 votes, while 14 legislators abstained and one was absent. [53] Klaus was sworn in as President on the 8 March. [54]

Round Václav Klaus Jan Sokol
DeputiesSenatorsDeputiesSenators
1st115328147
147128
2nd109308346
139129
3rd109337846
142124

Aftermath

After the election the Prime Minister Vladimír Špidla called a vote of confidence, as the coalition had failed to elect the candidate they had backed. [55] This showed that some legislators from the coalition must have voted for Klaus, however the government won a vote of confidence on the 11 March after all 101 government deputies voted in favour in the 200 member Chamber of Deputies, while the whole opposition voted against. [55] Spidla then fired the minister of trade and industry, Jiri Rusnok, due to "personal differences", but Rusnok said he thought it was because he had backed Klaus in the presidential vote. [56]

Klaus was elected for second term in 2008 and left the office in 2013 when he wasn't eligible to reelection. He endorsed his former rival Miloš Zeman during 2013 presidential election. [57] Zeman previously endorsed Klaus during 2008 presidential election. [58]

Zeman's defeat is considered to have strong impact on Czech politics. It is stated that he distanced himself from ČSSD since the election. [59] He later left the party and founded Party of Civic Rights (SPO). He became SPO's presidential candidate in 2013 presidential election and became first directly elected Czech president. His presidency is influenced by his conflicts with leadership of ČSSD. [59] [60] [61]

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  35. ↑ Konviser, Bruce (14 January 2003). "Czech parliament to pick president; Some fear that no candidate will win required majority". The Washington Times . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  36. ↑ Rybarova, Nadia (14 January 2003). "Parliament to elect successor to President Vaclav Havel". Associated Press . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 18 June 2012.
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  38. 1 2 Linek, Lukáš; Mansfeldová, Zdenka (6 December 2004). "Czech Republic". European Journal of Political Research. Wiley Online Library. 43 (7–8): 980–988. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00187.x . Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  39. ↑ "Czechs fail to choose a successor for Havel". The Record . HighBeam Research. 16 January 2003. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  40. 1 2 "Czech's parliament fails to elect president". China Daily . HighBeam Research. 17 January 2003. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  41. 1 2 3 "Czech's ruling Social Democrats choose a new presidential candidate". Associated Press . HighBeam Research. 18 January 2003. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  42. ↑ Cameron, Rob (21 January 2003). "News of Radio Prague". Radio Prague . Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  43. 1 2 3 Janicek, Karel (24 January 2003). "Czech Lawmakers Face New Presidential Vote". Associated Press . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  44. ↑ "Prezidentská volba: Události minulé nám ukazují, jak mohou vypadat události budoucí". legacy.blisty.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  45. ↑ Janicek, Karel (24 January 2003). "Czech Lawmakers Can't Decide on President". Associated Press . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  46. 1 2 Janicek, Karel (24 January 2003). "Czech Lawmakers Can't Agree on President". Associated Press . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  47. 1 2 3 "Popular Czech singer is considering running for president". Associated Press . HighBeam Research. 5 February 2003. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  48. 1 2 Rybarova, Nadia (3 February 2003). "Czech Republic is without a president for the first time". Associated Press . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  49. ↑ "Czech Republic: Czech opposition party demands date for presidential election". Info Prod Research. HighBeam Research. 5 February 2003. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
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  53. 1 2 Janicek, Karel (28 February 2003). "Vaclav Klaus Is Elected Czech President". Associated Press . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  54. ↑ "Klaus takes over from Vaclav Havel". The Independent . HighBeam Research. 8 March 2003. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  55. 1 2 Rybarova, Nadia (11 March 2003). "Czech government survives vote of confidence". Associated Press . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  56. ↑ Janicek, Karel (13 March 2003). "Czech premier fires minister of trade and industry". Associated Press . HighBeam Research . Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  57. ↑ "Klaus podpořil Miloše Zemana na Hrad". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  58. ↑ "Zeman chce na Hradě dál Klause". Aktuálně.cz - Víte co se právě děje (in Czech). 18 September 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  59. 1 2 webmaster@tyden.cz, TYDEN, www.tyden.cz, e-mail: (8 March 2015). "Zrádce omlouvá vlastní zradu, vrací Zeman úder Sobotkovi". TÝDEN.cz. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  60. ↑ "Zeman a Babiš jsou na stejné vlně, škodí ČSSD, míní Chovanec - Echo24.cz". Echo24 (in Czech). 5 November 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  61. ↑ "ČSSD uvažuje o vlastním kandidátovi na Hrad". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 22 May 2017.
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