Death of Li Keqiang

Last updated

Li Keqiang's death and memorial activities
Li Keqiang (20230104).jpg
Li Keqiang in January 2023
Date27 October – 2 November 2023 (2023-10-27 – 2023-11-02)
LocationFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China

Former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang died in Shanghai at the age of 68 on 27 October 2023, at 00:10 (BJT). [1] Li Keqiang became the youngest Premier to leave the office and the earliest to die since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. [2]

Contents

Background

Health status

According to the book "He Will Be China's Chief Steward: A Biography of Li Keqiang" published by Mirror Books in 2010 Li Keqiang suffered from severe myocarditis during his time at Peking University due to excessive studying. Whenever he engaged in physically demanding work, he suffered from shortness of breath. [3]

Reports have suggested that Li Keqiang already had diabetes, and the busy schedule of domestic and diplomatic affairs exacerbated his condition. [4] Moreover, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis are a common cause of complications and death among diabetes patients. [5]

Li Keqiang gradually stepped down from his positions in the Politburo Standing Committee and other party roles after the 1st plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, in October 2022. Following the first session of the 14th National People's Congress in March 2023, he officially resigned as Premier of the State Council at the age of 67 and retired. Thereafter, he maintained a low profile, refrained from involvement in any public affairs and rarely appeared in public. On 30 August 2023, a visit to the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, marked his final public appearance.

The South China Morning Post reported that Li Keqiang had previously had heart bypass surgery. [6]

Events

Sudden emergency

Based on information from medical professionals in Shanghai as cited by Radio Free Asia, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang suffered a sudden heart attack while swimming at the Shanghai Dongjiao Hotel on 26 October 2023, accompanied by his wife Cheng Hong. [7] It was reported that the heart attack occurred around noon on 26 October. Li Keqiang was rushed to the Shanghai Shuguang Hospital (East Campus) [8] by security and medical personnel after the incident. All available resources were mobilized, [9] including top experts from Shanghai and the installation of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) device in the afternoon, and despite efforts to save him for over 10 hours, the rescue attempts were unsuccessful. Li died at 12:10 a.m. the next day. This makes him the youngest former Premier to die since the founding of the People's Republic of China. [10]

News release

At 8:00 a.m. on 27 October, China Central Television's program "Morning News" aired a brief announcement of the death of Li Keqiang, delivered by the host Wang Yan. [11] Subsequently, official media outlets such as Xinhua News Agency and CCTV's website released identical written messages. [12] [13] Around 6:30pm, Xinhua News Agency issued a condolence statement on behalf of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. It mentioned contents such as the "Two Establishes and Two Upholds", "Four Consciousnesses", and "Four Confidences." [14] At 7:00 p.m. on the same day, the Xinwen Lianbo placed the announcement of condolences third in the lineup, following reports on the activities of current national-level leaders such as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping and Premier of the State Council Li Qiang, mirroring the format used for the report on the death of former Premier Li Peng in 2019. [15]

Relocation and viewing of the coffin

On the afternoon of 27 October, Li Keqiang's remains were transferred to Beijing from Shanghai aboard a special flight. Some roads were temporarily closed in Shanghai, with people along the route mourning. [16] [8] Upon arrival in Beijing, the body was transferred to the PLA General Hospital, awaiting national mourning and funeral events. [17]

Farewell ceremony

On 2 November 2023, Tiananmen Square, Xinhua Gate, the Great Hall of the People and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs all flew at half-mast to mourn Li Keqiang

On 2 November, national flags were flown at half-mast at Tiananmen Square, Xinhua Gate, the Great Hall of the People, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; at the seats of Party committees and governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; in the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao; at all border crossings; at all border sea and air ports; and at all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad.

Li Keqiang's remains was transported to the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery by a Nissan Civillian hearse. Around 10am, a farewell ceremony was held at the main funeral hall of the cemetery, attended by current and former national leaders. Along the way from the PLA General Hospital to Babaoshan, people lined the streets to see the hearse off

In the early hours of that day, the area around Tiananmen Square was restricted for people and vehicles, and most of the entrances to the square were closed. People still took a detour into the square to watch the national flag being lowered to half-mast right after the flag-raising ceremony in the morning. [18]

On the morning of 2 November, the remains of Li Keqiang were cremated at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. On that day, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, and his wife Peng Liyuan, along with members of the CCP Political Bureau Standing Committee Li Qiang, Zhao Leji, Wang Huning, Cai Qi, Ding Xuexiang, Li Xi, as well as Vice President Han Zheng, went to Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery to bid farewell. Former General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee, Hu Jintao, sent a wreath to mourn Li Keqiang. [19]

In the official news footage, Li Keqiang's daughter did not appear. Additionally, Li Keqiang's brother, Li Keming, sat in the back row of the family section alongside Cheng Hong. Former Premier Li Peng's son and current Minister of Transport, Li Xiaopeng, attended the ceremony as a representative of a subordinate body under the State Council. Other individuals described as "close friends when he was alive" also participated in the farewell ceremony. [20] [21]

On the afternoon of 2 November, Xinhua News Agency released a biography of Li Keqiang along with 12 photos depicting his life. [22] [23]

Aftermath

Crowds laid flowers in front of Li Keqiang's former residence in Hefei, Anhui Province, while people wearing blue vests were seen observing. The Crowd Offers Flowers in Front of Li Keqiang's Former Residence in Mourning (20231029).jpg
Crowds laid flowers in front of Li Keqiang's former residence in Hefei, Anhui Province, while people wearing blue vests were seen observing.

After the announcement of Li Keqiang's death, a large number of people spontaneously gathered at Li Keqiang's former residence in Luyang District, Hefei, Anhui Province, and at 80 Huizhou Avenue, which now serves as the Anhui Institute of Culture and History, to lay flowers and mourn. [24] Many police officers were on site to guide the crowds, [25] there are online video clips showing queues of mourners stretching over 200 meters [26] on the morning of 28 October. Spontaneous mourning activities also occurred at Li's ancestral home in Jiuzi Village, Wuxu Town, Dingyuan County, Anhui Province, and at Qianxi Square in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. [27] Subsequently, people from across the country took action to place chrysanthemums and condolence messages at various locations to express their grief. However, in order to put these activities under control and to stablize the public sentiment, local governments kept such locations under close surveillance. Many tributed items especially those with written messages, were swiftly confiscated and cleared by unidentified individuals wearing blue vests shortly after being placed. [28]

After the announcement of Li Keqiang's passing, the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission Office has begun scrutinizing comments on various online platforms and censoring certain songs and keywords to prevent a recurrence of events like the Tiananmen Square protests. Some flower shops have received orders specifying delivery to the former residence of Li Keqiang without specifying the recipient. [26] Officials are handling Li Keqiang's death with extreme caution, permitting only specific forms of mourning, while universities are strictly regulating how expressions of grief are made. [29] [30] Despite mostly positive sentiments among interviewees, ubiquitous personnel are demanding silence from the public. [31] The unprecedented scale of the commemoration reflects public regret and a sense of loss for a once prosperous era of reform, particularly under the increasingly authoritarian leadership of Xi Jinping, leaving people feeling helpless. [32]

Reactions

On the day of Li Keqiang's cremation, China Resources Shatin Cold Storage flew the national flag and the regional flag at half-mast to express condolences. 2023Nian 11Yue -Hua Run Sha Tian Leng Cang Xia Ban Qi .jpg
On the day of Li Keqiang's cremation, China Resources Shatin Cold Storage flew the national flag and the regional flag at half-mast to express condolences.

China

At the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs press conference on 27 October 2023, a journalist from Agence France-Presse asked about the sudden death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang at the age of 68 due to a heart attack. The journalist inquired about the spokesperson's impressions of Li and whether they had any words of condolence. Spokesperson Mao Ning expressed deep sorrow over Li Keqiang's death due to a sudden heart attack and mentioned that Xinhua News Agency had already released a statement. Another journalist from Bloomberg asked for more details regarding Li's death, including information on condolences, memorial arrangements, and whether foreign representatives would be invited to related events. Mao Ning responded by urging attention to forthcoming obituaries and stated that arrangements such as condolences and invitations to foreign representatives would be announced in due course. [33]

Hong Kong

  • Chief Executive Lee Ka-chiu expressed deep sad by the death of Li Keqiang. [34] The former Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying, expressed profound condolences. [35] Former member of the LegCo Tam Yiu-chung expressed profound shock upon hearing of Li Keqiang's death, stating that he deeply mourns the loss. Member of the LegCo Leung Mei-fun expressed regret over the sudden death of Premier Li Keqiang, describing him as a Premier for the people. She also noted that as a legal scholar, Li always paid attention to how Hong Kong could maintain its edge. [36]

Macau

  • Chief Executive Ho Iat-seng expressed his deepest condolences, said that Li Keqiang's contributions to the country and the people will always be remembered and cherished. The government announced on 1 November 2023, that the flags would be flown at half-mast at the government headquarters, Government House, and all border ports on 2 November, the day of Li Keqiang's funeral.

International reactions

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References

  1. ↑ "Former Prime Minister Li Keqiang passed away". www.peoplechina.com.cn. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  2. ↑ "美国学者: 李克强被害的猜测凸显中国人对习近平不满" [American scholar: The speculation about Li Keqiang's murder highlights Chinese people's dissatisfaction with Xi Jinping]. 美国之音 (in Chinese). Voice of America. 28 October 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  3. ↑ "With poor health, Li Keqiang may not be able to be re-elected". 東方日報. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  4. ↑ "Is Li Keqiang going to step down? The Chinese government said No". Voice of America (in Chinese). 29 December 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  5. ↑ "Acute myocardial infarction in diabetic patients". UpToDate. 19 August 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  6. ↑ "Li Keqiang: former premier had fatal heart attack during swim in Shanghai, sources say". South China Morning Post. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  7. ↑ "Li Keqiang died of a heart attack in Shanghai". Radio Free Asia (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  8. 1 2 "Li Keqiang: ex-premier had heart attack during Shanghai swim, sources say". South China Morning Post. 27 October 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  9. ↑ "Li Keqiang's sudden death 'a total surprise' to China's top leaders". South China Morning Post. 28 October 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  10. ↑ "美国学者: 李克强被害的猜测凸显中国人对习近平不满". 美国之音. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  11. ↑ "Morning News 20231027 08:00". tv.cctv.com. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  12. ↑ "Comrade Li Keqiang passed away-Xinhuanet". www.news.cn. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  13. ↑ "Comrade Li Keqiang passed away". news.cctv.com (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  14. ↑ "（Posted with authority）National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Comrade Li Keqiang passed away – Xinhuanet". www.news.cn. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
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  17. ↑ "Li Keqiang's remains arrived in Beijing, China prohibits public activities". Radio Free Asia (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  18. ↑ "Li Keqiang's body was cremated, and the public said goodbye (13:27) – 20231102". instant news (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  19. ↑ "Comrade Li Keqiang's body was cremated in Beijing. Xi Jinping waited for Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery to say goodbye.-Xinhuanet". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  20. ↑ 星島日報 (2 November 2023). "Li Keqiang died︱Babaoshan held a farewell ceremony, Li Pengzi, Li Xiaopeng and others lined up to shake hands with widow Cheng Hong". std.stheadline.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  21. ↑ Sing Tao Daily (3 November 2023). "Li Keqiang died｜Peng Liyuan, who has known each other for 35 years, is sad. Xi Jinping and his wife "excrude" to attend the farewell ceremony together". std.stheadline.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  22. ↑ "The life of Comrade Li Keqiang-Xinhuanet". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  23. ↑ "Life photos of Comrade Li Keqiang-Xinhuanet". www.news.cn. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  24. ↑ Xu, Qi'an (27 October 2023). "Li Keqiang passed away｜People spontaneously went to Li Keqiang's former residence in Anhui to mourn, leaving a large number of bouquet cards". Hong Kong 01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  25. ↑ NHK (28 October 2023). "One day after the death of former Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang, many people mourn in their hometown | NHK". NHKニュース. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  26. 1 2 Central News Agency (29 October 2023). "Li Keqiang's former residence mourns the public endlessly. China has banned public activities for a week". The News Lens Key Comment Network (in Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  27. ↑ "Zhengzhou citizens mourn Li Keqiang by the lake, ancestral residence in Anhui continues to offer flowers (22:56) – 20231028 –". instant news (in Traditional Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  28. ↑ TVBS. "People outside Li Keqiang's former residence presented flowers, but saw the "mysterious blue vest man" secretly examining the word card│TVBS". TVBS (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  29. ↑ Central News Agency (27 October 2023). "Li Keqiang passed away, the Communist Party of China strongly maintains stability and prohibits gathering and mourning". CNA (in Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  30. ↑ Central News Agency (28 October 2023). "Beijing prevents the reappearence of the June 4th Democratic Movement. It is strictly forbidden to discuss Li Keqiang's death". CNA (in Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  31. ↑ "Li Keqiang passed away: There was an endless stream of mourners in his hometown, and the public was prevented from being interviewed". BBC News (in Simplified Chinese). 3 November 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  32. ↑ Yuan, Li (28 October 2023). "Chinese people mourn Li Keqiang and an era of hope". New York Times Chinese website (in Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  33. ↑ "On October 27, 2023, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Mao Ning presided over a regular press conference_Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China". www.mfa.gov.cn. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  34. ↑ "Li Jiachao expresses deep condolences and believes that the central government will announce the details of the memorial arrangement in due course". 星島日报. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  35. ↑ "Hong Kong politicians recall that Li Keqiang is approachable and conscientious, Liang Zhenying posts condolences". Lianhe Zaobao. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  36. ↑ "Li Keqiang died｜Liang Meifen: Read laws and regulations to promote the economy, pay attention to how Hong Kong can protect its advantages". 香港01. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  37. ↑ Anthony Albanese (27 October 2023). "Statement of Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister of Australia". Anthony Albanese's official Twitter account.
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  39. ↑ 比利时驻华大使馆. "Belgian Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  40. ↑ 加拿大驻华大使馆. "The Canadian Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  41. ↑ "Díaz-Canel envía condolencias ante fallecimiento del exprimer ministro de China Li Keqiang". Granma.cu (in Spanish). 27 October 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  42. ↑ "Cuba lamenta muerte de ex primer ministro chino Li Keqiang – Prensa Latina" (in Spanish). 27 October 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  43. ↑ 丹麦驻华大使馆. "Danish Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  44. ↑ Embassy and consulate of Finland in China. "Finnish embassy and consulate in China deeply mourns the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  45. ↑ 法国驻华大使馆. "The French Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  46. ↑ 德国驻华大使馆. "The German Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 "李克強逝世｜Global leaders send a telegram of condolences. Many U.S. officials mourn and praise their diplomatic contributions". 香港01. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  48. ↑ 伊朗驻华大使馆. "The Iranian Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  49. ↑ 爱尔兰驻华大使馆. "The Irish Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  50. ↑ 以色列驻华大使馆. "The Israeli Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  51. 1 2 日本放送協会 (27 October 2023). "Former Prime Minister Li Keqiang died (68) heart attack China state media | NHK". NHKニュース. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  52. ↑ "Sina Visitor System". passport.weibo.com. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  53. 1 2 "Japanese Prime Minister expresses condolences on the death of Li Keqiang".
  54. ↑ "Sina Visitor System". passport.weibo.com. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  55. ↑ "We mourns Li Keqiang's death, Wei Jiaxiang thanks for promoting Malaysia-China relations". 透视大马. 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023.
  56. ↑ Liu Zhenyi (27 October 2023). "Li Keqiang died, Xu Zigen was shocked and sad. "Li Keqiang is a kind leader"". 星洲网 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 28 October 2023.
  57. ↑ 郭秋香 (27 October 2023). "Promoting the contribution of Malaysia-China relations, Huang Jiading is saddened by the sudden death of Li Keqiang". 星洲网 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 28 October 2023.
  58. ↑ 墨西哥驻华大使馆. "Mexican Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  59. ↑ 荷兰驻华大使馆. "The Dutch Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  60. ↑ 挪威驻华大使馆. "The Norwegian Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  61. ↑ 波兰驻华大使馆. "The Polish Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  62. ↑ "Premier Lee Hsien Loong sent a letter of condolence to former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang | Lianhe Zaobao". www.zaobao.com.sg (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  63. ↑ Embassy of Switzerland in China. "The Swiss Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang". Sina Weibo. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  64. ↑ 英国驻华大使馆. "The British Embassy in China expresses deep condolences on the death of former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". 新浪微博. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  65. ↑ "twitter".
  66. ↑ "Vietnamese party and state leaders sent a telegram of condolences to Chinese leaders about the death of Comrade Li Keqiang". Vietnam People's Daily (in Chinese). 30 October 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  67. ↑ "Vietnamese Prime Minister Fan Mingzheng mourns former Chinese Premier Li Keqiang". Vietnam+ (in Simplified Chinese). 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
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