| Doradidae | |
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| Amblydoras monitor | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Superfamily: | Doradoidea |
| Family: | Doradidae Bleeker, 1858 |
| Genera [1] | |
Acanthodoras Contents | |
The Doradidae are a family of catfishes also known as thorny catfishes, raphael catfishes or talking catfishes. These fish are native to South America, primarily the Amazon basin and the Guianas.
Doradids are omnivorous. [5]
As of 2007, 31 genera and 78 species are in this family. [2] Wertheimeria is considered to be the sister taxon to all other doradids. [6] This family is monophyletic and contains the subfamilies Doradinae, Astrodoradinae and Wertheimerinae. [4]
The Astrodoradinae contain the genera Amblydoras , Anadoras , Astrodoras , Hypodoras , Merodoras , Physopyxis , and Scorpiodoras .
Doradids occur in most South American basins, though they are absent from the Pacific Coast drainages and from coastal drainages south of the Río de la Plata. [6] About 70% of the valid species occur in the Amazon basin; the Orinoco basin harbors about 22 species and ranks second in species richness. [6] Conversely, only two species of doradids have been described from Brazilian eastern coastal basins: Wertheimeria maculata from the Jequitinhonha and Pardo rivers and Kalyptodoras bahiensis from the Paraguaçu River. [6]
Doradids are easily recognized by a well-developed nuchal shield in front of the dorsal fin, as well as well-developed bony lumps along the lateral line that form thorny scutes. [2] Also, doradids typically have three pairs of barbels (no nasal barbels), an adipose fin, and four to six rays on the dorsal fin with a spine on the anterior (first) ray. [7] These fish are sometimes called "talking catfish" because of their ability to produce sound by moving their pectoral spine or vibrating their swim bladder. [7] Sizes range from 3.5 cm (1.4 in) SL in Physopyxis lyra to 120 cm (47 in) FL and 20 kg (44 lb) in Oxydoras niger . [6]
Hypostomus is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. H. plecostomus is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as Plecostomus plecostomus. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. Hypostomus is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus.
The eeltail catfish are a family (Plotosidae) of catfish whose tails are elongated in an eel-like fashion. These catfishes are native to the Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Japan to Australia and Fiji. The family includes about 41 species in 10 genera. About half of the species are freshwater, occurring in Australia and New Guinea.
Trichomycteridae is a family of catfishes commonly known as pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes. This family includes the candiru fish, feared by some people for its alleged habit of entering into the urethra of humans. They are one of the few parasitic chordates. Another species is the life monsefuano which was important to the Moche culture and still an important part of Peruvian cuisine.
The Aspredinidae are a small South American family of catfishes also known as the banjo catfishes, with about 43 species.
The Bagridae are a family of catfish that are native to Africa (Bagrus) and Asia from Japan to Borneo. It includes about 245 species. These fish are commonly known as naked catfishes or bagrid catfishes.
The loach catfishes are a family, Amphiliidae, of catfishes. They are widespread in tropical Africa, but are most common in streams at high elevations; most species are able to cling to rocks in fast-flowing streams. The 13 genera contain 68 species.
The striped Raphael catfish is a catfish of the family Doradidae. It may also be called Southern striped Raphael, talking catfish, chocolate doradid, chocolate catfish or thorny catfish. It is native to the Amazon, Paraguay–Paraná and lower Orinoco basins in South America. This peaceful, nocturnal species is a popular aquarium fish due to its pleasant temperament and curious nature.
Astrodoras is a monotypic genus with the only species Astrodoras asterifrons of catfish family Doradidae. This species originates from the Amazon basin of Bolivia and Brazil and reaches a length of about 8.0 centimetres (3.1 in) SL. This genus is the type genus of the subfamily Astrodoradinae.
Wertheimeria maculata is the only species in the genus Wertheimeria of the catfish family Doradidae. This species is endemic to Brazil and is found in the Jequitinhonha and Pardo Rivers. These fish reach a length of 30.0 centimetres (11.8 in) SL. Within its restricted range, W. maculata faces strong human habitat disturbances such as siltation, habitat fragmentation, pollution, and introduced species. This fish has been placed as the sister taxon to all other doradids.
Merodoras nheco is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, it is the only species in the genus Merodoras of the catfish family Doradidae.
Physopyxis is a genus of thorny catfishes native to tropical South America.
Anadoras is a genus of thorny catfishes native to tropical South America.
Amblydoras is a genus of thorny catfishes native to rivers in tropical South America.
Leptodoras is a genus of thorny catfishes native to South America.
Rhynchodoras is a small genus of thorny catfishes native to South America. Rhynchodoras is closely related to Rhinodoras and Orinocodoras.
Hassar is a genus of thorny catfishes native to South America.
Microcambeva is a genus of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae.
Pseudolithoxus is a genus of suckermouth armored catfishes with five described species from the basins of the Orinoco, Casiquiare and upper Rio Negro in Venezuela. Additionally, a possibly undescribed species is known from the Trombetas and Nhamundá rivers in Brazil.
The bayad, is a species of bagrid catfish from Africa.
The Somalia catfish is a species of catfish in the family Bagridae. The Somalia catfish is native to the Jubba River in Somalia.
| Authority control databases: National |
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