Dryobalanops aromatica

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Dryobalanops aromatica
Dryobalanops Aromatica canopy.jpg
Canopy of D. aromatica in the Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur displaying crown shyness
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Dipterocarpaceae
Genus: Dryobalanops
Species:
D. aromatica
Binomial name
Dryobalanops aromatica
Gaertn. f., nom cons. [2]
Synonyms
  • Dipterocarpus dryobalanops Steud.
  • Dipterocarpus teresSteud.
  • Dryobalanops camphora Colebr.
  • Dryobalanops junghuhnii Becc.
  • Dryobalanops sumatrensis(J.F.Gmel.) Kosterm.
  • Dryobalanops vriesiiBecc
  • Pterigium teres Corrêa
  • Shorea camphorifera Roxb.

Dryobalanops aromatica, commonly known as Borneo camphor, camphor tree, Malay camphor, or Sumatran camphor, [3] is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name aromatica is derived from Latin (aromaticus meaning spice-like) and refers to the smell of the dammar (resin). This species was one of the main sources of camphor and attracted early Arab traders to Borneo, at that time being worth more than gold, and used for incense and perfumes. [2]

It is found in Sumatra, peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo.

It is a large emergent tree, up to 65 m [2] or even 75 m [4] tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on deep humic yellow sandy soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur . It is recorded from at least two protected areas (Lambir and Gunung Mulu National Parks).

Bergenin, malaysianol A, laevifonol, ampelopsin E, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin and diptoindonesin A can be isolated from the stem bark of D. aromatica. [5]

Dryobalanops aromatica is one of several tree species known to exhibit a behavior called crown shyness.

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<i>Dryobalanops</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dryobalanops is a genus of flowering plants and the genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. The name Dryobalanops is derived from Greek and describes the acorn-like nut. The genus has seven species, confined to the tropical forests of West Malesia. It is among the most abundant species of emergent trees in these forests, growing up to 80 m tall.

Dryobalanops beccarii, or Kapur Keladan, is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named after Odoardo Beccari, 1843–1920, an Italian explorer and botanist. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. It is a large emergent tree, up to 65 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on shallow leached soils over both sandstone and shale. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. It is recorded from at least four protected areas.

Dryobalanops fusca is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name fusca is derived from Latin and refers to the dark coloured indumentum. This species is endemic to Borneo, where it is threatened due to habitat loss. It is a large emergent tree, up to 60 m tall, found in kerangas forests on raised beaches. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur.

Dryobalanops keithii is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named after H.G. Keith, 1899–1982, a Conservator of Forests in North Borneo. This species is endemic to Borneo, where it is threatened due to habitat loss. It is a main canopy to low emergent tree, up to 40 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forest on well-drained but moist clay soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur.

<i>Dryobalanops lanceolata</i> Species of tree

Dryobalanops lanceolata is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin and refers to the shape of the leaf. This species is endemic to Borneo. It is common in protected areas, although elsewhere it has suffered modest population decline due to logging and land conversion.

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<i>Cinnamomum parthenoxylon</i> Species of tree

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ε-Viniferin Chemical compound

ε-Viniferin is a naturally occurring phenol, belonging to the stilbenoids family. It is a resveratrol dimer.

α-Viniferin Chemical compound

α-Viniferin is a stilbene trimer. It can be isolated from Caragana chamlagu and from Caragana sinica and from the stem bark of Dryobalanops aromatica. It is also present in relation to resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola in Vitis vinifera and Vitis riparia. It has been shown to inhibit acetylcholinesterase.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diptoindonesin A</span> Chemical compound

Diptoindonesin A is a C-glucoside of ε-viniferin isolated from the two Dipterocarpaceae Shorea seminis and Dryobalanops aromatica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kapur (wood)</span>

Kapur is a dipterocarp hardwood from trees of the genus Dryobalanops found in lowland tropical rainforests of Malaysia, Indonesia and South-East Asia. It is a durable construction tropical timber. One variety, D. aromatica, is a source of camphor.

Gonystylus maingayi is a tree in the family Thymelaeaceae.

<i>Pterophylla fraxinea</i> Species of tree

Pterophylla fraxinea, formerly known as Weinmannia fraxinea, is a tree in the family Cunoniaceae. It grows up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall. The bark is grey to dark brown. Inflorescences bear up to three pairs of flowers. The specific epithet fraxinea is from the Latin meaning "ash tree", referring to the leaves' resemblance to those of the genus Fraxinus.

Castanopsis javanica, the Javan chestnut-oak, is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. The specific epithet javanica is from the Latin, meaning "of Java".

Hopea dryobalanoides is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The specific epithet dryobalanoides means "resembling Dryobalanops", referring to that genus of trees and particularly their leaf veins.

References

  1. Barstow, M.; Randi, A. (2018). "Dryobalanops aromatica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T61998024A173026192. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T61998024A173026192.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Ashton, P.S. (Sep 2004). "Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn.". In Soepadmo, E.; Saw, L.G.; Chung, R.C.K. (eds.). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. (free online from the publisher, lesser resolution scan PDF versions). Vol. 5. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 129, 131. ISBN   978-983-2181-59-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
  3. "Dryobalanops aromatica (Sumatra Camphor)". ZipCodeZoo.com. 7 February 2009. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  4. Carder, A. 2005: Giant Trees of Western America and The World. Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park, Canada. ISBN   978-1-55017-363-5
  5. Wibowo, A.; Ahmat, N.; Hamzah, A.S.; Sufian, A.S.; Ismail, N.H.; Ahmad, R.; Jaafar, F. M.; Takayama, H. (2011). "Malaysianol A, a new trimer resveratrol oligomer from the stem bark of Dryobalanops aromatica". Fitoterapia. 82 (4): 676–681. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2011.02.006. PMID   21338657.