Dunne D.5

Last updated

D.5
Dunne D5.jpg
RoleExperimental aircraft
Manufacturer Short Brothers
Designer J. W. Dunne
First flight1910
Number built1
Developed from Dunne D.4
Developed into Dunne D.8

The Dunne D.5 was a British experimental aircraft built in 1910. A tailless swept-wing biplane, it was designed by J. W. Dunne and built by Short Brothers at Leysdown for his company, the Blair Atholl Aeroplane Syndicate Ltd. Like its military predecessors it was driven by twin pusher propellers, but it had a considerably more powerful engine.

Contents

The D.5 first flew in the summer of 1910, thus becoming his first powered aeroplane to fly. Dunne had long ago literally dreamed of this flight. The D.5 was later certified as the first fixed-wing aircraft ever to achieve natural stability in flight, with one of the official witnesses being Orville Wright.

Design and development

On leaving the Army Balloon Factory at Farnborough in 1909, J. W. Dunne set up the Blair Atholl Aeroplane Syndicate Ltd., to continue developing his unusual tailless swept-wing aircraft, none of which had yet flown under power. The D.5 was his first design for them and it followed the general layout of the earlier D.4 Army machine in having a tailless, swept biplane wing with pronounced wash-out and endplates, and driven by twin pusher propellers. However it differed in having a streamlined central nacelle or fuselage housing the pilot and engine.

The control surfaces were, like the wing, similar to the D.4. Elevons on the upper wing tips were the only movable surfaces. However on the D.5 they were operated independently by two levers on either side of the cockpit. There was no rudder, with turning being coordinated by the aerodynamic design of the swept and washed-out wings. Unlike most aircraft, they were arranged such that raising an elevon both reduced lift and increased drag, while lowering it had the opposite effects. Thus, the wing being lowered would be dragged back (a phenomenon known as proverse yaw), automatically coordinating a banking turn.

Endplate fins were fitted to the wings to improve efficiency, with square cutouts to avoid fouling the elevons.

Construction of the main airframe was contracted to Short Brothers, who occupied sheds alongside the Syndicate's at the Aero Club of Great Britain's new flying ground at Shellbeach on the Isle of Sheppey. [1]

The engine was a Green C.4 35 hp water-cooled, four-cylinder inline type, significantly more powerful than those the Army had allowed. Twin radiators were fitted on either side, standing up and aligned with the airflow in order to minimise drag. The mid-mounted engine chain-drove twin pusher propellers, mounted on outriggers behind the wing. As before, the propellers rotated in opposite directions to cancel out their torque. [2]

Following construction at Leysdown, the D.5 was taken to Eastchurch, the new site of the (now Royal) Aero Club and the Syndicate located a short distance away on Sheppey. Early trials were not encouraging, with the machine in its original form proving too heavy. Dunne undertook extensive lightening to Short's construction.

Operational history

The D.5 first flew in the summer of 1910. Dunne taxied it to the top of a rise in the ground which lay downwind, turned the machine and took off downhill into the wind. He later recalled in his book An Experiment with Time that, as a child, he had experienced exactly this flight in a dream. [3]

The D.5 proved to be aerodynamically stable in flight. Two demonstration flights were made for the Royal Aero Club in December 1910, officially witnessed by the visiting Orville Wright and by Griffith Brewer. During the second flight, Dunne took his hands off the controls for an extended period, while he wrote a note on a piece of paper provided for him by Brewer. This note was the first ever documentary evidence of an aircraft's performance written in flight by the pilot himself. [3] [4] The D.5 was subsequently certified as the first fixed-wing aircraft ever to achieve stable flight.

The D.5 crashed whilst being flown by another pilot the following December, and parts of it were re-used to build the first D.8.

Specifications

Dunne D.5 Dunne D5 plans-Flight june 1910.jpg
Dunne D.5

General characteristics

Performance

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flying wing</span> Tailless fixed-wing aircraft that has no definite fuselage

A flying wing is a tailless fixed-wing aircraft that has no definite fuselage, with its crew, payload, fuel, and equipment housed inside the main wing structure. A flying wing may have various small protuberances such as pods, nacelles, blisters, booms, or vertical stabilizers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J. W. Dunne</span> British soldier, aeronautical engineer and philosopher

John William Dunne was a British soldier, aeronautical engineer and philosopher. As a young man he fought in the Second Boer War, before becoming a pioneering aeroplane designer in the early years of the 20th century. Dunne worked on automatically stable aircraft, many of which were of tailless swept wing design, to achieve the first aircraft demonstrated to be stable. He later developed a new approach to dry fly fishing before turning to speculative philosophy, where he achieved some prominence and literary influence through his "serialism" theory on the nature of time and consciousness, first set out in his book An Experiment with Time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pusher configuration</span> Air- or watercraft design in which the propulsion device is behind the engine

In aeronautical and naval engineering, pusher configuration is the term used to describe a drivetrain of air- or watercraft with its propulsion device(s) after its engine(s). This is in contrast to the more conventional tractor configuration, which places them in front.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Handley Page Manx</span> Type of aircraft

The Handley Page HP. 75 Manx was a British experimental aircraft designed by Handley Page that flew test flights in the early 1940s. It was notable for its unconventional design characteristics, being a twin-engine tailless design of pusher configuration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52</span> Type of aircraft

The Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52 was an early flying wing aircraft designed and produced by British aircraft manufacturer Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Short SB.4 Sherpa</span> Type of aircraft

The Short SB.4 Sherpa was an experimental aircraft designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer Short Brothers. Only a single example was ever produced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westland-Hill Pterodactyl</span>

Pterodactyl was the name given to a series of experimental tailless aircraft designs developed by G. T. R. Hill in the 1920s and early 1930s. Named after the genus Pterodactylus, a well-known type of pterosaur commonly known as the pterodactyl, all but the first were produced by Westland Aircraft Ltd after Hill joined them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tailless aircraft</span> Aircraft whose only horizontal aerodynamic surface is its main wing

In aeronautics, a tailless aircraft is an aircraft with no other horizontal aerodynamic surface besides its main wing. It may still have a fuselage, vertical tail fin, and/or vertical rudder.

The Dunne D.1, was an experimental tailless aircraft built in the UK in 1907. It comprised a main unit which could be flown as a glider, to which a chassis unit with power train could be added. The glider achieved a short flight in 1907. The D.1 was later rebuilt as the powered D.4, which achieved short hops in 1908.

Royal Air Force Eastchurch or more simply RAF Eastchurch is a former Royal Air Force station near Eastchurch village, on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent, England. The history of aviation at Eastchurch stretches back to the first decade of the 20th century when it was used as an airfield by members of the Royal Aero Club. The area saw the first flight by a British pilot in Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Granger Archaeopteryx</span> British aircraft

The Granger Archaeopteryx is a British single-engined, tailless parasol monoplane designed and built in the late 1920s by two brothers, R.F.T. and R.J.T. Granger. The sole example built is currently under restoration for flight.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunne D.8</span> Type of aircraft

The Dunne D.8 of 1912 was a tailless swept wing biplane, designed by J. W. Dunne to have inherent stability. One example was supplied to RAE Farnborough. License-built Burgess-Dunne models were used by the US Signal Corps and United States Navy and the short-lived Canadian Aviation Corps. It was the latter's first and only warplane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunne D.7</span> Type of aircraft

The Dunne D.7 was one of J. W. Dunne's swept wing tailless aircraft designed to have automatic stability, first flying in 1911. It was a single seat, single engined pusher monoplane developed from the unsuccessful D.6.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gotha Go 147</span> Type of aircraft

The Gotha Go 147 was a German experimental two-seat tailless aircraft designed in 1936 by Gothaer Waggonfabrik and Dr. A. Kupper. Two examples were built and flown. Development was abandoned before the start of World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waterman Arrowbile</span> Type of aircraft

The Waterman Arrowbile was a tailless, two-seat, single-engine, pusher configuration roadable aircraft built in the US in the late 1930s. One of the first of its kind, it flew safely but generated little customer interest, and only five were produced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RRG Storch V</span> Aircraft

The RRG Storch V was the only member of Alexander Lippisch's Storch series of tailless aircraft to be powered. It flew successfully in the year 1929.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunne-Huntington triplane</span> Type of aircraft

The Dunne-Huntington triplane, sometimes referred to as a biplane, was a pioneer aircraft designed by J. W. Dunne and built by A. K. Huntington. It was of unusual staggered triple-tandem configuration and an early example of an inherently stable aeroplane, flying regularly between 1910 and 1914.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nieuport-Delage NiD 940</span> Type of aircraft

The Nieuport-Delage NiD 940 was a French, tailless, pusher configuration touring aircraft first flown in 1934. It suffered from longitudinal instabilities and despite modifications and a more powerful engine, it did not receive its Certificate of Airworthiness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johnson Twin-60</span> Type of aircraft

The Johnson Twin-60 was a small, two seat biplane intended for private owners. It had twin engines for safety and the performance and undercarriage designed for short and rough field use. Despite its refinements only one was definitely built

Alan Douglas Carden was a British pioneer aviator who rose to the rank of Colonel in the Royal Engineers. He gained his pilot's licence and served with the RFC in World War I, despite having only one hand.

References

Notes
  1. Barnes C.H. & James D.N (1989). Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam. pp. 50, 439. ISBN   0-85177-819-4.
  2. "The Dunne Aeroplane". Flight : 459–61. 18 June 1910. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  3. 1 2 Constance Babington Smith; Testing Time, Pages 11-17.
  4. Poulsen, C. M. (27 May 1943). "Tailless Trials". Flight : 556–58. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
Bibliography