| Durio kinabaluensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | Durio |
| Species: | D. kinabaluensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Durio kinabaluensis | |
Durio kinabaluensis, also known as mountain durian and (locally) as durian tapuloh, is a forest tree in the mallow family. [1] [2]
The tree grows to 40 m in height with a 10–15 m buttressed bole. The oval leaves are 10–16 cm long by 4–6 cm wide, with smooth uppersides, and with undersides covered with golden-brown scales and hairs. The inflorescences comprise clusters of 5–6 pink to reddish flowers along the branches. The greenish-yellow to yellow fruits are 8–10 cm in diameter, covered with small conical spines and containing 3 cm-long brown seeds encased in an edible, cream to pale yellow aril. [2]
The species is endemic to Borneo; its range is restricted to the Crocker Range and Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, where it is found in hill forest and lower mountain forest at an elevation of 800–1300 m. [2]
The species is sometimes planted in the vicinity of villages in the Crocker Range, with the fruits sold at roadside stalls. [2]
Kinabalu Park, established as one of the first national parks of Malaysia in 1964, is Malaysia's first World Heritage Site designated by UNESCO in December 2000 for its "outstanding universal values" and the role as one of the most important biological sites in the world with more than 4,500 species of flora and fauna, including 326 bird and around 100 mammal species, and over 110 land snail species.
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis, or the Kinabalu pitcher-plant, is the natural hybrid between N. rajah and N. villosa. It was first collected near Kambarangoh on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo by Lilian Gibbs in 1910 and later mentioned by John Muirhead Macfarlane as "Nepenthes sp." in 1914. Although Macfarlane did not formally name the plant, he noted that "[a]ll available morphological details suggest that this is a hybrid between N. villosa and N. rajah". It was finally described in 1976 by Shigeo Kurata as N. × kinabaluensis. The name was first published in Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu, but was a nomen nudum at the time as it lacked an adequate description and information on the type specimen. The name was subsequently published validly by Kurata in 1984.
Mangifera caesia is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. Known in English as jack or white mango, among other names. It belongs to the same genus as the mango and is widely cultivated in areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines.
Meristogenys kinabaluensis is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Borneo and is found in Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia), and Kalimantan (Indonesia). The specific name refers to its type locality, Mount Kinabalu.
The mountain blackeye, sometimes referred to as the olive blackeye or simply black-eye, is a species of passerine bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the highest mountains on the island of Borneo. It is known from both Malaysian states on the island, and four of the five Indonesian provinces, but has never been recorded in Brunei. Typically found at elevations above 1,800 m (5,900 ft), the mountain blackeye sometimes moves to lower altitudes during periods of drought. There are four subspecies, which show clinal variations in size and coloring. Birds in the north are largest, darkest, and proportionately longer-tailed, while those further south are smaller, paler, and proportionately shorter-tailed. Adults are dark olive-green with a sharply-pointed, bright yellow-orange bill and a small dark mask connecting black lores with a black eye-ring. The subspecies show varying amounts of yellow in their plumage, particularly on the face and underparts. Young birds resemble their parents, but have less brightly colored bills.
The durian is the edible fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio. There are 30 recognized Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. Durio zibethinus, native to Borneo and Sumatra, is the only species available on the international market. It has over 300 named varieties in Thailand and 100 in Malaysia as of 1987. Other species are sold in their local regions.
Chisocheton cumingianus subsp. kinabaluensis is a subspecies of Chisocheton cumingianus. It is a tree in the Meliaceae family. It grows up to 37 metres (120 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 50 centimetres (20 in). The bark is grey-brown. The flowers are pale yellow to white. The fruits are round to pyriform, orange-red, up to 7 cm (3 in) in diameter. The tree is named for Mount Kinabalu in Malaysia's Sabah state. Its habitat is rain forests. C. cumingianus subsp. kinabaluensis is endemic to Borneo and known only from Sabah.
Durio graveolens, sometimes called the red-fleshed durian, orange-fleshed durian, or yellow durian, is a species of tree in the family Malvaceae. It is one of six species of durian named by Italian naturalist Odoardo Beccari. The specific epithet graveolens is due to the odor. Although most species of Durio have a strong scent, the red-fleshed type of D. graveolens has a mild scent. It is native to Southeast Asia.
Durio oxleyanus is a perennial plant species of tree in the family Malvaceae. It was once placed in the family Bombacaceae.
Durio crassipes, also known as durian hutan, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family that is endemic to Borneo.
Mangifera griffithii is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the mango family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Mangifera torquenda is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the mango family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Garcinia microcarpa, also known as kandis hutan, is a species of flowering plant, a dioecious understorey fruit tree in the mangosteen family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Garcinia nitida, also known as kandis hutan, is a species of flowering plant, a dioecious understorey fruit tree in the mangosteen family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Artocarpus lanceifolius, also known as keledang in Malay and more locally as timakon or kaliput, is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the fig family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Artocarpus teysmannii, also known as cempedak air in Malay and as tilap in Indonesia, is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the fig family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Sarcotheca diversifolia, also known as pupoi or belimbing bulat in Malay and more locally as tabarus, piang or belimbing hutan, is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the wood sorrel family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Baccaurea angulata, also known as belimbing hutan or belimbing darah in Malay and more locally as ucong or embaling, is a species of flowering plant, a fruit tree in the tampoi family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Heliciopsis artocarpoides, also known as kurunggu or putat, is a species of flowering plant, a tropical forest fruit-tree in the macadamia family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
Lepisanthes multijuga is a species of flowering plant, a tropical forest fruit-tree in the lychee family, that is native to Southeast Asia.
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