Durianella

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Durianella
Durianella echinulata 87864.jpg
Collected in Malaysia
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Durianella

A.W.Wilson & Manfr.Binder (2008)
Type species
Durianella echinulata
(Corner & Hawker) Desjardin, A.W.Wilson & Manfr.Binder
Synonyms [1]
  • Hydnangium echinulatumCorner & Hawker (1953)

Durianella is a fungal genus in the suborder Boletineae, family Boletaceae of the order Boletales. [2] It contains the single species Durianella echinulata, found in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. [3]

Contents

Taxonomy

The fungus was originally collected in a jungle in Kemaman, Trengganu (Malaysia), on 24 June 1932, where it was found growing on soil buried in leaves at a river's edge. It was described as Hydnangium echinulatum by E.J.H. Corner and Lilian Hawker in 1953, although they noted that no other known species of Hydnangium had a spiny peridium. [4] The species was known only from a single specimen until recollected in 2005 and 2006. Genetic analysis suggested it was a member of the Boletales suborder Boletineae, and not related to the genus Hydnangium of the Agaricales. The blue-staining suggested a relationship with Gyroporus , while the structure of the fruit bodies suggested an affinity with Pisolithus . [3]

The genus name Durianella refers to the fruit bodies' resemblance to a small durian. [3]

Description

The fungus's fruit bodies are irregular and globular, measuring 1.7–3.5 cm (0.67–1.38 in) wide and 1.2–2.3 cm (0.47–0.91 in) high, and are covered in 1 mm-high tan conical warts. Under the surface is a white 1–2 mm thick peridium which turns dark blue when cut – the superficial 0.5–1 mm doing so immediately, while the remainder takes 1–2 minutes to do so. [3] The gelatinous gleba is in globules throughout the interior and also stains blue when cut. It is white when young and becomes tinted with orange with age. The white fibrous tissue surrounding the gleba lobules also turns blue on cutting. The fruit body has a well-developed columnella (a sterile column of tissue extending from the base of the gleba into the fruit body). It is egg-shaped, gelatinous, measuring 5–15 mm thick by 5–10 mm long. When injured, it stains grayish blue in 1–2 minutes. On the exterior of the fruit body, it is attached to the soil by orange rhizomorphs. [3]

The spores are spherical or nearly so, and have a thick wall measuring 0.5–1.5 μm. The spore surface is covered with narrow spines up to 3 μm long; spore dimensions are 9–10 by 8.5–10 um (without spines) or 12–15 by 11.5–13.5 μm (with spines). The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, measuring 24–32 by 9–11.5 μm, and have two or four sterigmata up to 13 μm long. Clamp connections are absent from the hyphae. [3]

Habitat and distribution

Durianella echinulata is found under trees of the genus Shorea in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. It fruits on the ground singly, scattered, or in small clusters. [3]

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<i>Scleroderma</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

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<i>Calostoma</i> Genus of fungi

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<i>Gymnogaster</i> Genus of fungi

Gymnogaster is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single secotioid species Gymnogaster boletoides, found in Australia. The fungus produces bright yellow fruit bodies with a light brown internal gleba, and the fruit bodies turn blue then dark brown after bruising or handling.

<i>Agaricus deserticola</i> Species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae endemic to southwestern and western North America

Agaricus deserticola, commonly known as the gasteroid agaricus, is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Found only in southwestern and western North America, A. deserticola is adapted for growth in dry or semi-arid habitats. The fruit bodies are secotioid, meaning the spores are not forcibly discharged, and the cap does not fully expand. Unlike other Agaricus species, A. deserticola does not develop true gills, but rather a convoluted and networked system of spore-producing tissue called a gleba. When the partial veil breaks or pulls away from the stem or the cap splits radially, the blackish-brown gleba is exposed, which allows the spores to be dispersed.

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<i>Spongiforma squarepantsii</i> Species of fungus

Spongiforma squarepantsii is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae, genus Spongiforma. Found in Malaysia, it was described as new to science in 2011. It produces sponge-like, rubbery orange fruit bodies that have a fruity or musky odour. The fruit bodies reach dimensions of 10 cm (3.9 in) wide by 7 cm (2.8 in) tall. Like a sponge, they will resume their original shape if water is squeezed out. The spores, produced on the surfaces of the hollows of the sponge, are almond-shaped with rough surfaces, and measure 10‑12.5 μm by 6‑7 μm. The name of the fungus derives from the Nickelodeon cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants from the show of the same name. S. squarepantsii is one of two species in Spongiforma; it differs from S. thailandica in its color, odour, and spore structure.

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<i>Calostoma cinnabarinum</i> Species of fungus

Calostoma cinnabarinum, commonly known as the stalked puffball-in-aspic,gelatinous stalked-puffball, or red slimy-stalked puffball, is a species of gasteroid fungus in the family Sclerodermataceae, and is the type species of the genus Calostoma. The fruit body has a distinctive color and overall appearance, featuring a layer of yellowish jelly surrounding a bright red, spherical head approximately 2 centimeters (0.8 in) in diameter atop a red or yellowish brown spongy stipe 1.5 to 4 cm tall. The innermost layer of the head is the gleba, containing clear or slightly yellowish elliptical spores, measuring 14–20 micrometers (μm) long by 6–9 μm across. The spore surface features a pattern of small pits, producing a net-like appearance. A widely distributed species, it grows naturally in eastern North America, Central America, northeastern South America, and East Asia. C. cinnabarinum grows on the ground in deciduous forests, where it forms mycorrhizal associations with oaks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sclerodermatineae</span> Suborder of the fungal order Boletales

Sclerodermatineae is a suborder of the fungal order Boletales. Circumscribed in 2002 by mycologists Manfred Binder and Andreas Bresinsky, it contains nine genera and about 80 species. The suborder contains a diverse assemblage fruit body morphologies, including boletes, gasteroid forms, earthstars, and puffballs. Most species are ectomycorrhizal, although the ecological role of some species is not known with certainty. The suborder is thought to have originated in the late Cretaceous (145–66 Ma) in Asia and North America, and the major genera diversified around the mid Cenozoic (66–0 Ma).

<i>Harrya chromapes</i> Species of fungus

Harrya chromapes, commonly known as the yellowfoot bolete or the chrome-footed bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. The bolete is found in eastern North America, Costa Rica, and eastern Asia, where it grows on the ground, in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous and coniferous trees. Fruit bodies have smooth, rose-pink caps that are initially convex before flattening out. The pores on the cap undersurface are white, aging to a pale pink as the spores mature. The thick stipe has fine pink or reddish dots (scabers), and is white to pinkish but with a bright yellow base. The mushrooms are edible but are popular with insects, and so they are often infested with maggots.

References

  1. "Durianella echinulata (Corner & Hawker) Desjardin, A.W. Wilson & Manfr. Binder, Mycologia, 100 (6): 957, 2008". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  2. Nuhn ME, Binder M, Taylor AFS, Halling RE, Hibbett DS (2013). "Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae". Fungal Biology. 117 (7–8): 479–511. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008. PMID   23931115.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Desjardin DE, Wilson AW, Binder M (2008). "Durianella, a new gasteroid genus of boletes from Malaysia" (PDF). Mycologia. 100 (6): 956–61. doi:10.3852/08-062. PMID   19202849. S2CID   12740142. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-03. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
  4. Corner EJH, Hawker LE (1953). "Hypogeous fungi from Malaya". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 35 (1): 125–37. doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(53)80057-4.