Dutch descendants in Holambra. | |
Total population | |
---|---|
10,954 (Dutch citizens) [1] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Predominantly Northeast Region, South Region and Southeast Region [2] [3] [4] | |
Languages | |
Portuguese · Dutch | |
Religion | |
Roman Catholicism, Protestantism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Dutch people, Flemings, Frisians, White Brazilians |
Dutch Brazilians (Portuguese : Neerlando-brasileiro; Dutch : Nederlandse Brazilianen) refers to Brazilians of full or partial Dutch ancestry. Dutch Brazilians are mainly descendants of immigrants from the Netherlands.
The Dutch were among the first Europeans settling in Brazil during the 17th century. They controlled the northern coast of Brazil from 1630 to 1654. A significant number of Dutch immigrants arrived in that period. The state of Pernambuco (then Captaincy of Pernambuco) was once a colony of the Dutch Republic from 1630 to 1661. There are a considerable number of people who are descendants of the Dutch colonists in Paraíba (for example in Frederikstad, today João Pessoa - the second most Dutch city in Brazil on XVII century, after Mauristaadt), Pernambuco, Alagoas and Rio Grande do Norte. [5] [6]
During the 19th and 20th century, Dutch immigrants from the Netherlands immigrated to the Brazil's Center-South, founded a few cities and prospered. [7] The majority of Dutch Brazilians reside in Espírito Santo, Paraná, [2] Rio Grande do Sul, Pernambuco and São Paulo. [3] There are also small groups of Dutch Brazilians in Goiás, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. [4]
This section needs additional citations for verification .(August 2018) |
Historical population [8] [9] | |
---|---|
Period | Total |
1640–46 | 15,000 |
1654 | 20,000 |
Mauritsstad population (1650) [10] | |
---|---|
Total | 8,000 |
Ameridians and Negros | 3,000 to 4,000 |
Vrijburghers | 3,400 |
Jews | 600 |
Haplogroup 2 among White Brazilians [11] | |
---|---|
Location | % |
Brazil | 19 |
South Region | 28 |
Northeast Region | 19 |
North Region | 14 |
Southeast Region | 12 |
The first synagogue in the Americas, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue - was established by the Dutch [12] in Recife in 1636. [13]
Colonial reports stated that there was a strong rate of miscegenation between Amerindians, Portuguese, Blacks, Jews, Dutch, Germans, French and Englishmen during the period of the Dutch Brazil colony. [14] The majority of soldiers and marines who lived in the Nieuw-Holland were Dutch, Germans, Norwegians, Scots and Jews. [15] The absence of women in the colony explained the high rate of mixed race people. [16]
In 2000, a genetic study among white Brazilians showed that 19% of people born in the Northeast had a genetic marker for chromosome Y that is common in Europe (haplogroup 2 - corresponding today to the sum of haplogroups I, G and J). This shows an excess of 6% when compared to Portugal (13%). The other Brazilian region which also has a higher frequency than Portugal is the South Region (28%). According to the research, the excess in both regions could be explained as due to the strong European immigration in the South Region and the Dutch presence in the Northeast. Another study showed a higher contribution of European ancestry in chromosome Y among people from the Northeast Region, Brazil (94,74%) when compared with samples from Southeast Brazil (85,88% - 88,1%). [17] [18]
This section needs additional citations for verification .(August 2018) |
The first Dutch immigrants to Brazil settled in Espírito Santo state from 1858 to 1862, establishing Holanda, a settlement. This settlement of five hundred primarily Reformed folk from West Zeelandic Flanders in the province of Zeeland was not successful. All further immigration came to an end and contacts with the homeland declined. In 1973, the "lost settlement" was rediscovered in 1973. Except for the Zeeuwen in Holanda, not many Dutch went to Brazil until post-1900. Between 1906 and 1913 more than 3,500 Dutch emigrated there, primarily during 1908 and 1909.
After the Second World War, the Dutch Organization of Catholic Farmers and Vegetable Growers (KNBTB) coordinated a new flow of Dutch immigrants in search for a new life and new opportunities in Brazil. The most known Dutch settlements in Brazil are Holambra I and Holambra II (because they became leading producers of flowers), but other settlements were established as well, and in time these small villages became cities.
Also arrived after Second World War were Eurasian refugees of mixed Indonesian and Dutch blood called Indos. These Indos traveled to Brazil because the Dutch society did not consider their war experience in Indonesia, and did not recognize the European status the Indos held dearly in their mother country. [19] The number of Indos in Brazil was never counted because they are a part of the overall Dutch-Brazilian population.
Holambra is a municipality in São Paulo. The colony Holambra (from the words Holland-America-Brazil) and The Cooperativa Agropecuária de Holambra (Cattle Farming Cooperation of Holambra) were founded in 1948 by Catholic Dutch immigrants at the farm Fazenda Ribeirão, between the cities of Jaguariúna, Santo Antônio de Posse, Artur Nogueira and Cosmópolis. After a referendum in 1991 where 98% of the population voted in favor of political autonomy for the area, Holambra gained city status in January 1993.
The cows that were shipped in from the Netherlands by the initial colonists did not survive the heat and tropical diseases and so the colonists diversified to pig and chicken farming. As the colony around the farm grew in the following decades, the focus shifted from agriculture to horticulture. Famous for its large production of flowers and plants and for the yearly event Expoflora, Holambra receives tens of thousands of tourists each year. In April 1998, that fact was recognized as Holambra gained the status of Estância Turística, touristic location. [20]
Dutch-descended families in Brazil are used to be celebrated in politics and culture:
Recife is the state capital of Pernambuco, Brazil, on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is the second largest urban area within both the North and the Northeast Region of Brazil after Fortaleza. It is the largest city in Pernambuco state, and the sixth-largest urban area in all of Brazil; the metro population of the city of Recife was 3,726,974 in 2022. Recife was founded in 1537, serving as the main harbor of the Captaincy of Pernambuco—known for its large-scale production of sugar cane. At one point, it was known as Mauritsstad, when it served as the capital city of the 17th century colony of New Holland of Dutch Brazil. Situated at the confluence of the Beberibe and Capibaribe rivers, before they drain into the South Atlantic Ocean, Recife is a major seaport along the Brazilian Atlantic coast. Its name is an allusion to the stone reefs that are present offshore. Together with the urban presence of the Beberibe and Capibaribe rivers and their tributaries, the many additional unique, small islands—and more than 50 bridges linking them throughout the city—create a distinct maritime or "riviera" atmosphere, leading to Recife being known as the "Venice of Brazil".
Holambra is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. Holambra is the largest producer of flowers and ornamental plants in Latin America, also hosting the largest spring event in the continent, the Expoflora. The population is 15,272 in an area of 65.58 km2. The elevation is 600m on average.
The BR-101 is a longitudinal highway of Brazil. It is the longest in the country with a length of nearly 4,800 km (3,000 mi), and it is considered one of the most important highways in the country, along with BR-116.
Immigration to Brazil is the movement to Brazil of foreign peoples to reside permanently. It should not be confused with the forcible bringing of people from Africa as slaves. Latin Europe accounted for four-fifths of the arrivals. This engendered a strikingly multicultural society. Yet over a few generations, Brazil absorbed these new populations in a manner that resembles the experience of the rest of the New World.
Sérgio Buarque de Holanda was a Brazilian historian, writer, journalist and sociologist. His greatest achievement was Raízes do Brasil, a landmark of Brazilian sociology, in which he developed the groundbreaking concept of the "cordial man" as the fundamental Brazilian identity. His son, Chico Buarque de Holanda is an accomplished singer-songwriter and novelist and his daughter Miúcha was also a famous singer. Buarque de Holanda was also a member of the Academia Paulista de Letras.
Polish Brazilians refers to Brazilians of full or partial Polish ancestry who are aware of such ancestry and remain connected, to some degree, to Polish culture, or Polish-born people permanently residing in Brazil. Also, a Polish Brazilian may have one Polish parent.
Dutch Brazil, also known as New Holland, was a colony of the Dutch Republic in the northeastern portion of modern-day Brazil, controlled from 1630 to 1654 during Dutch colonization of the Americas. The main cities of the colony were the capital Mauritsstad, Frederikstadt, Nieuw Amsterdam (Natal), Saint Louis, São Cristóvão, Fort Schoonenborch (Fortaleza), Sirinhaém, and Olinda.
Portuguese is the official and national language of Brazil being widely spoken by most of the population. Brazil is the most populous Portuguese-speaking country in the world, with its lands comprising the majority of Portugal's former colonial holdings in the Americas.
White Brazilians refers to Brazilian citizens who are considered or self-identify as "white", typically because of European or Levantine ancestry.
Brazil had an official resident population of 203 million in 2022, according to IBGE. Brazil is the seventh most populous country in the world and the second most populous in the Americas and Western Hemisphere.
Matias de Albuquerque, Count of Alegrete was a Portuguese colonial administrator and soldier. He was nicknamed "Hero of Two Continents" for his performance, beginning in 1624, against the Dutch invaders of colonial Brazil and for his role, beginning in 1641, as a general in Portugal, fighting for king John IV during the Portuguese Restoration War, where he won the battle of Montijo over the Spaniards in 1644. For this victory he was rewarded the title of Count of Alegrete by the king.
The State of Brazil was one of the states of the Portuguese Empire, in the Americas during the period of Colonial Brazil.
The Miss Brazil 2014 was the 60th edition of the Miss Brazil pageant, held in Centro de Eventos do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Jakelyne Oliveira of Mato Grosso, crowned her successor Melissa Gurgel of Ceará. Delegates from each state and the Federal District for competed for the national crown. The winner represented Brazil in Miss Universe 2014 and placed Top 15.
Events in the year 1948 in Brazil.
Events in the year 1993 in Brazil.
Events in the year 1961 in Brazil.
Brazil—Netherlands relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Brazil and the Netherlands. Brazil has an embassy in The Hague and a consulate in Amsterdam, and the Netherlands is represented by an embassy in Brasília and consulates in Belém, Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Manaus, Natal, Porto Alegre, Recife, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, São Paulo and Vila Velha.
The Dutch invasions in Brazil, ordered by the Dutch West India Company (WIC), occurred during the 17th century.
The Palácio de Friburgo also known as the Palácio das Torres, was an official residence built by Count John Maurice of Nassau-Siegen between 1640 and 1642 in what was then Mauritsstad, the capital of the Dutch colony of Nova Holanda - now the city of Recife, capital of the Brazilian state of Pernambuco. It existed until the second half of the 18th century, when it was demolished due to the damage caused during the Pernambuco Insurrection.
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