Venezuelan Brazilians

Last updated

Venezuelan Brazilians
Venezuelano-brasileiros
Venezolano brasileños
Frontera Venezuela Brasil.jpg
Pacaraima in the northern state of Roraima has served as a major point of entry for Venezuelan refugees coming into Brazil.
Flag of Brazil.svg Flag of Venezuela.svg
Total population
477,500 [1]
Regions with significant populations
Brazil: Mainly Northern Region
Southeastern
Central-West
Languages
Spanish  · Portuguese
Minority: Warao
Religion
Mostly Roman Catholicism
and Folk religions.
Related ethnic groups
Venezuelans
other Brazilian, Hispanic and Hispanophone people

Venezuelan Brazilians are individuals of full, partial, or predominantly Venezuelan ancestry, or a Venezuelan-born person residing in Brazil. Until the early 2010s, the immigration of this group was little expressive compared to the immigration of other South American peoples such as Argentines, Bolivians or Paraguayans. However, the crisis in Venezuela and the subsequent refugee crisis has led to Brazil becoming home to a large number of Venezuelan refugees, most of whom enter the border through the northern state of Roraima. By the beginning of the 2020, more than 200,000 of Venezuelans have migrated to the country looking for refuge. [2] [3]

Contents

Mass migration from Venezuela has proven challenging for authorities in Roraima, with informal estimates from 2019 suggesting that Venezuelan refugees constitute a fifth of the state's total population. [4]

Anti-migrant sentiment

Backlash against Venezuelan migrants in Roraima has led to numerous violent attacks on refugees by Brazilians, [5] with groups such as the Patriotas de Roraima ("Patriots of Roraima") forming to oppose further migration. [6]

The Venezuelan refugee crisis has had dramatic effects on the politics of Roraima, with the issue of accommodating refugees becoming a top issue in state politics. In 2018, right-wing businessman Antonio Denarium, an ally of Jair Bolsonaro, successfully ran for Governor of Roraima. In office, he has advocated for the federal government to close the border with Venezuela. [7] During the 2020 Brazilian municipal elections, some right-wing candidates in the state capital city of Boa Vista employed anti-Venezuelan sentiment. [8]

Migration of Warao people

A notable number of Venezuelans who emigrate to Brazil are of the Warao ethnicity. Most of them, when migrating, settle in the state of Roraima, which borders Venezuela. [9]

Espírito Santo

On August 16, 2022, about 25 Warao from Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, [lower-alpha 1] were dropped off by a city bus in an area close to the Vitória bus station, Espírito Santo, during the night, thus generating a debate about whose care responsibility and whether it would be legal to "transfer the problem to another city". On the same day, they were sent to a temporary shelter at Centro Pop, with another 21 expected to arrive. [11]

Even with the secretary of Welfare of Teixeira de Freitas, Marcelo Teixeira, denying the accusations of negligence, saying that "dignity for these people was not lacking" and that the initiative to move to the capital was from the indigenous themselves, he was criticized in his social networks. Vitoria claimed that it had not been previously informed of the arrival of the Venezuelans, so that "if it had known, it would have prepared a more dignified reception". The secretary, in turn, said that he did not do it because he understood that it should be done to FUNAI. Neither the Secretariat of Justice, Human Rights and Social Development of Bahia nor the state government itself were communicated. [10] [12] [13]

See also

Notes

  1. Before arriving in Vitória, expected to be their last stop, the group crossed the Venezuelan border in the city of Pacaraima, Roraima, passing through cities such as Boa Vista, Manaus, Belém and Jequié, the latter already in Bahia. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roraima</span> State of Brazil

Roraima is one of the 26 states of Brazil. Located in the country's North Region, it is the northernmost and most geographically and logistically isolated state in Brazil. It is bordered by the state of Pará to the southeast, Amazonas to the south and west, Venezuela to the north and northwest, and Guyana to the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boa Vista, Roraima</span> Capital city of Roraima, Brazil

Boa Vista is the capital of the Brazilian state of Roraima. Situated on the western bank of the Branco River, the city lies 220 km (140 mi) from Brazil's border with Venezuela. It is the only Brazilian state capital located entirely north of the equator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meta Linhas Aéreas</span> Defunct Brazilian airline

Meta Linhas Aéreas was an airline based in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, that operated domestic and international services to destinations in northern Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname. Its main base was Boa Vista-Atlas Brasil Cantanhede International Airport. The airline has been defunct since 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Elena de Uairén</span> City in Guayana, Venezuela

Santa Elena de Uairén is a small Venezuelan city in the state of Bolívar near the border with Brazil and Guyana. It was founded by Lucas Fernández Peña in 1923. The city's name originates from his first daughter, Elena, and Uairén, the river that crosses the city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cantá</span> Municipality in North, Brazil

Cantá is a municipality located in the mideast of the state of Roraima in Brazil. Its population is 18,799 (2020) and its area is 7,665 km².

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacaraima</span> Municipality in North, Brazil

Pacaraima is a municipality located in the northwest of the state of Roraima in Brazil. It is second most northern municipality in Brazil, behind Uiramutã.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Roraima</span> Aspect of history

The history of the territory that is now Roraima, a state at the extreme north of present-day Brazil is recent, but not thereby simple. Invaded numerous times by the various countries interested in the region, the seldom-visited Roraima aroused little interest on the part of the Portuguese, especially after the arrival of the royal family in Rio de Janeiro. Meanwhile, the territory became coveted by other countries, including England, the Netherlands, and, especially, Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1991 in Brazil</span> Brazil-related events during the year of 1991

Events in the year 1991 in Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1981 in Brazil</span> Brazil-related events during the year of 1981

Events in the year 1981 in Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brazil–Venezuela border</span> International border

The Brazil–Venezuela border is the limit that separates the territories of Brazil and Venezuela. It was delimited by the Treaty of Limits and River Navigation of May 5, 1859 and ratified by the Protocol of 1929. The geographical boundary begins at the triple point between Brazil-Colombia-Venezuela at Cucuy Rock and continues up the Maturacá channel to the Huá waterfall; it then follows a straight line to the top of a mountain called Cerro Cupi. It then follows the crest of the drainage divide between the Orinoco and Amazon river basins up to the Brazil-Guyana-Venezuela border tripoint on top of Mount Roraima, thus covering a total of 2,199 kilometres through the Imeri, Tapirapecó, Curupira and Urucuzeiro mountain ranges, and the Parima, Auari, Urutanim and Pacaraima ranges, in the Guiana Shield.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tucuruí transmission line</span>

The Tucuruí transmission line is a hydroelectric power line that leads north from the Tucuruí Dam in Pará, Brazil and crosses the Amazon River. From there the eastern branch leads to Macapá in Amapá and the western branch leads to Manaus in Amazonas. The towers supporting the span across the Amazon River are nearly as high as the Eiffel Tower. Work to extend the line from Manaus north to Boa Vista, Roraima, is due to complete in 2018. There were delays in issuing the environmental permits and then legal challenges since the line crosses the territory of indigenous people who had not been consulted. Although efforts have been made to avoid environmental damage, there has been controversy about the impact of construction and of the tower maintenance corridor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waimiri Atroari Indigenous Territory</span> Indigenous territory in Amazonas and Roraima, Brazil

The Waimiri Atroari Indigenous Territory is an indigenous territory in the states of Amazonas and Roraima, Brazil. There has been a long history of violent conflict between the indigenous Waimiri-Atroari people and newcomers from other parts of Brazil. Since the 1960s there have been many efforts to "civilise" the Waimiri-Atroari to avoid problems with the BR-174 highway, which cuts across the territory, and with tin mines and the huge Balbina Dam. The territory is now considerably smaller, but there have been improvements in living standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 in Brazil</span> Brazil-related events during the year of 2018

Events in the year 2018 in Brazil.

The following article presents a summary of the 2019 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 118th season of competitive football in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alceoni Berkenbrock</span>

Fr. Alceoni Berkenbrock is a Brazilian writer and catholic priest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonio Denarium</span> Brazilian politician

Antonio Oliverio García de Almeida is a Brazilian politician. He is the governor of the state of Roraima and member of the Progressive Party. A nationalist who opposes immigration, Denarium has advocated for closing Brazil's border with Venezuela in response to the Venezuelan refugee crisis. The inflow of migrants means that Roraima has a disproportionately higher Venezuelan Brazilian population compared to the rest of Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eduardo Pazuello</span> Brazilian general and politician

Eduardo Pazuello is a Brazilian divisional general of the Brazilian Army and politician, he served as Minister of Health between 2020 and 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BR-401 (Brazil highway)</span>

BR-401 is a federal highway in the state of Roraima in Brazil. The 202.9 km (126.1 mi) road connects Boa Vista with Normandia and the road network of Guyana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miss Roraima</span> Brazilian beauty pageant

Miss Roraima is a Brazilian beauty pageant which selects the representative for the State of Roraima at the Miss Brazil contest. The pageant was created in 1959 and has been held every year since with the exception of 1960–1964, 1969–1970, 1976, 1990–1991, and 1993. The pageant is held annually with representation of several municipalities. Since 2017, the State director of Miss Roraima is, Paulo Silas Valente. Roraima still has yet to win any crowns in the national contest

During the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2023), a series of mass deaths, famine, forced displacements and other major human rights violations took place in the Brazilian Yanomami Indigenous Territory. Such events reportedly started or were aggravated from 2019 on as a consequence of rampant exploitation of natural resources by individuals and companies and government neglect, and have been frequently said to constitute a genocide against the Yanomami people.

References

  1. https://www.r4v.info/es/refugiadosymigrantes
  2. "Posto em Manaus (AM) atende mais de 5 mil refugiados e migrantes em dois meses". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (in Portuguese). United Nations. 6 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  3. "The Double Victims of the Venezuelan Crisis". Human Rights Watch. 19 September 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  4. "Displaced Venezuelans struggle to survive in northern Brazil - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  5. "Brazilians attack Venezuelan immigrants in border town". Los Angeles Times. 19 August 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  6. de 2019, Sérgio RamalhoSérgio Ramalho28 de Novembro; 5h04. "Virou rotina agredir e assassinar venezuelanos em Roraima". The Intercept Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 23 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. "Governor-elect urges federal intervention in Brazil's Roraima state - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  8. "Candidatos a prefeito em Boa Vista usam retórica anti-venezuelanos em campanha". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 14 October 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  9. Efecto Cocuyo. "Venezolanos deportados de Brasil vivían de la venta de artesanías y limosnas" . Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  10. 1 2 "'Estava muito difícil conseguir comida', diz cacique de indígenas venezuelanos que foram deixados no ES por ônibus clandestino da Bahia". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  11. "Venezuelanos deixados em Vitória: de quem é a responsabilidade?". Folha Vitória. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  12. Pereira, Marcelo (16 August 2022). "Secretário de Teixeira de Freitas causa polêmica ao comentar sobre venezuelanos em Vitória". Folha Vitória (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  13. "Envio de venezuelanos da Bahia para Vitória foi irregular, diz MPF-ES". A Gazeta (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 August 2022.