Television in Brazil

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Television in Brazil has grown significantly since the first broadcasts in 1950, becoming one of largest and most productive commercial television systems in the world. [1] Its biggest network, TV Globo, is the largest commercial network in South America, and is one of the major television exporter globally, particularly of telenovelas, having become popular in many countries. [1] There are more than 90 free-to-air television networks (national and regional), as well as satellite channels broadcasting throughout the country.

Contents

History

Early years

In 1939, Telefunken, a German manufacturing and electronics company, held the first television exhibition during the Sample Fair Expo in Germany. Then in July 1941, RCA and NBC debuted their first television station in New York, in what would become the very first commercial TV station in the world. The broadcast tower, installed at the top of the Empire State Building, allowed the station to broadcast on Channel 1 in the immediate vicinity of Manhattan in deference to FCC rules which allowed the earliest broadcasters to use Channel 1 on the VHF band for experimental commercial broadcasts. By 1946 shortly after World War II, in agreement with the US government and David Sarnoff's RCA, NBC switched its broadcast frequency to VHF channel 4, and the VHF transmission system was adopted in the US, operating 12 VHF channels from 2 to 13 by order of the FCC.

In Brazil around the same time, the concessions for the first television broadcast network were decreed and distributed by President Eurico Gaspar Dutra's administration, and a cornerstone was placed for the very first transmitter in Brazil for the first commercial network, Rede Tupi. It was initially located in the municipality of Morro do Pão de Açúcar, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. By 1949, a group of technicians and engineers arrived in Brazil and visited the planned location for the broadcast tower for the first time only to find that due to the topography in Rio, the planned broadcast tower site wouldn't be the ideal place for its installation. As media mogul Assis Chateaubriand was interested in the opening of the first broadcast television network in Brazil and Latin America and already knew that the US was crucial in sponsoring the first TV broadcast in Cuba on Christmas Day of 1950, he decided to transfer to São Paulo for the inaugural broadcast, and the government gave the concession of channel 3, given by Radio Difusora in order to start Rede Tupi's operations.

Then, Chateaubriand ordered the broadcasting equipment necessary, for the station had already been built, just in time for this installation. In July 1950, the equipment arrived by ship in Port Santos and was accompanied to the capital by one of the many artists of the Emissoras Associadas group in São Paulo via motorcade. The motorcade was a hit, and crowds gathered to see the equipment being driven to the new station, a preview of what the new station would offer. [2]

Formation

The first broadcasts in Brazil were for the 1950 World Cup, in which the country hosted.

The above statement is contradicted by the following article that appeared in the Journal Dos Sports on 16 June 1950:

Oficializada a proibição das reportagens durante os jogos. Não será permitida, tambem, qualquer transmissão ou experiencia de televisão. Confirmando o que tivemos opportunidade de adiantar a CBD divulgou ontem em nota official a seguinte comunicação: "A Confederação Brasiliera de Desportos, de pieno acordo, com as recomendações expressas da FIFA, comunica aos interesrados:

a) - Não será permitido, no Estadio Municipal, ou outro qualquer local onde serão realizados os jogos da "Copa do Mundo", o servico de reportagens nos vestiarios, antes e durante os citados jogos.

b) - As reportagens, apos as partidas, ficarão a criterio das delegações participantes do Campeonato.

c) - Não será permitida a presenca de jornalistas e locutores, assim como o uso de fiosdentro do campo.

d) - Está teminantemente proibida qualquer transmissão ou experiencia, por meio de aparelhos de televisão.

Which according to Google Translate means:

The ban on reporting during games was made official. It will not be allowed, also, any transmission or television experience. Confirming that we had the opportunity to advance, the CBD released the following communication yesterday in an official note: "The Confederação Brasiliera de Desportes, in full agreement, with the express recommendations of FIFA, informs those interested:

a) - It will not be allowed, in the Municipal Stadium, or any other place where the "World Cup" games will be held, the service of reporting in the locker rooms, before and during the aforementioned games.

b) - The reports, after the matches, will be at the discretion of the participating delegations in the Championship.

c) - The presence of journalists and announcers, as well as the use of wires within the field, will not be allowed.

d) - Any transmission or experience through television sets is strictly prohibited.

Finally, on the 18th of September, 1950, network television in Brazil made its official debut in São Paulo with TV Tupi on channel 3, in an historical ceremony that was considered simplistic for the occasion in one question away. And Chateaubriand, owner of the new channel, had transmitters built across the city so that the people of the so-called Paulista would know what television is, as many people still didn't even know about TV at all. A number of TV sets were given to restaurants, bars and other places so that those who have not yet brought TVs would see the new medium themselves. It was the first Lusophone or Portuguese-speaking country to introduce television, even before the home country of Portugal with RTP (1955). It was also the fifth nation in the world to have a television station with daily broadcasts, behind the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Mexico. [3] The first television show on Tupi was first broadcast on the eve of September, and is considered the first Brazilian television program, TV na Taba, in an allusion to the indigenous people, who were already inhabited the Brazilian lands in the pre-Cabral era.

The network's symbol, a small Indian boy with an antenna on his head, appeared with the opening message: "Good evening. You are in the open TV station in Brazil," considering to be the first line of Brazilian television, starring the young actress Sonia Maria Dorce, then aged 6. [4] [5] The symbol of Tupi was that of a Native Brazilian kid with a feather on the head, in another nod to the indigenous peoples of the country.

In the 1950s, Brazilian television was marked by informality, since there were no trained professionals in the country with any experience in this media field.

On January 20, 1951, Tupi began airing in Rio de Janeiro on channel 6, with two transmitters installed at the strategic points located from the expanding signals in its transmitters in Urca. The new regional studios, as well as the broadcast transmitters, opened in time for the celebrations of the feast of Saint Sebastian, the city's patron and one of the big events before the traditional Carnival. The opening ceremony of the new officers and studios featured the blessing given by Frei José Francisco de Guadalupe Mojica (Frei José Mojica), an actor who left the cinema industry to pursue a religious career. The studios were located on Venezuela Avenue, in downtown Rio, where Radio Tamoio's studios were used as a function of the studio, and the station's auditorium and technical centers was operated in the former premises of Cassino da Urca, on João Luiz Alves Avenue, in Urca.

In 1952, Reporter Esso, a radio news bulletin, made its television premiere on Tupi replacing Imagines do Dia. The newscast was broadcast on regional lines, anchored by Gontijo Teodoro in Rio and Randal Juliano in São Paulo.

In 1953, Victor Costa, who was the director of Radio Nacional from the 1940s, bought the São Paulo counterpart and formed the Victor Costa Organization, which took over Radio Excelsior's operations from its former owner, Paulo Machado de Carvalho, who sold the station to the VCO with the objective of putting money to defray the costs of the concession of the future channel 7. Machado de Carvalho also decided to dispose of his part of the association in Rio and sold itself to Pipa do Amaral, who became the sole owner of the station. They decided to face the competition by combining its stations to create "Emissoras Unidas," an association of Paulo Machado de Carvalho, including Radios Record, Panamericana (now Jovem Pan) and São Paulo.

In the same year, Machado de Carvalho opened the nation's second TV station, TV Record, on channel 7 in São Paulo. The station went on the air on the 27th of September, and the studios was located in Miruna Avenue in the Aeroporto District. It became the TV unit of Machado de Carvalho's Emissoras Unidas.

In the same year, "Alô, Doçura", an original series created by Cassiano Gabus Mendes, went on the air on Tupi. Starring Eva Wilma and John Herbert, the program was shown on Tupi on channels 3 and 6.

Another characteristic of television productions of this early period was live impromptu, as there was no videotape. The high costs of TV sets, which were imported, restricted the access of the media to the urban elites of major cities. [1] Technical resources were primary, offering broadcasters just enough to keep the stations on the air. It was during that period that TV news and telenovelas were established. [1]

In 1954, Victor Costa decided to buy Radio Mundial, owned by Diario da Noite in Rio, which held the concession of channel 11 in the city. Victor already had, with the purchase of Radio Excelsior, the concession of channel 9 in São Paulo, making a clear that Costa's desire decided to start a new network of TV stations.

The first broadcast of soccer matches were broadcast on Record, with the narration by Geraldo Jose de Almeida. It would become the first television network to broadcast live sporting events, like soccer matches.

Also, the death of President Getúlio Vargas was only reported at 01:00 PM, when Tupi in Rio was on the air. In São Paulo, channel 3 premiered the first children's production, Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo, based on the books by author Monteiro Lobato. It was shown once a week, and was also broadcast on Emissoras Associadas in Rio.

On July the 15th, 1955, TV Rio went on air on channel 13, at the initiative of Joao Batista de Amaral, brother-in-law of Machado de Carvalho, as an affiliate of Emissoras Unidas. Its studios and offices was located in the Casino Atlantico in Atlantic Avenue, postal 6, Copacabana.

The two stations decided to build a link between two cities, same exactly as what the technological method came from the US, linking city by city until completion of the route. TV Rio built its link to Guaratinguetá, half of distance from Rio, and Record end a link to São Paulo.

In the same year, Victor Costa acquired TV Paulista on channel 5, preferring to what he bought a station ready to have the assembly of the new one with concession given by Radio Excelsior. The studios were relocated to Palmeiras Street in Santa Cecilia, where Radio Nacional São Paulo and Excelsior were located. Soon afterwards, Victor Costa offered the concession of channel 9 in São Paulo up for sale.

On the 8th of September, 1955, TV Itacolomi went on the air in Belo Horizonte on channel 4 — the first television station in the state of Minas Gerais. The station was owned and operated by and the key station of TV Tupi and Emissoras Associadas.

The advent of videotape around 1960 brought imported programs to Brazilian television. [1] As a typical characteristic of countries developing their television systems, imported shows dominated the programming for much of the decade, but their presence also stimulated some efforts at creating local networks. [1] TV Tupi soon faced strong competition from yet another network, TV Excelsior, owned by Victor Costa, who would begin building a national TV network.

Expansion, Rede Globo's beginnings

Theatre Record, the main headquarters of RecordTV in Sao Paulo Rederecord.jpg
Theatre Record, the main headquarters of RecordTV in São Paulo
Centro de Televisao da Anhanguera in Osasco, headquarters of SBT--the second largest TV network in Brazil. Sede do SBT.jpg
Centro de Televisão da Anhanguera in Osasco, headquarters of SBT—the second largest TV network in Brazil.
The TV Bandeirantes Tower is the tallest tower in the city of Sao Paulo, and one of the largest in South America. Torre da TV Bandeirantes aerea.jpg
The TV Bandeirantes Tower is the tallest tower in the city of São Paulo, and one of the largest in South America.

Television became a mass medium in Brazil earlier than in most developing countries. [1] The military dictatorship which took power in 1964 saw audiovisual communication as a tool for creating a stronger national identity, a broader consumer economy, and controlling political information. [1] The military pushed television deeper into the population by subsidizing credit for set sales, building national microwave and satellite distribution systems, which prompted the growth of Rede Globo, which they chose as a privileged partner. [1] [6] TV Excelsior, an opponent of the regime, on the other hand, was forced to close after losing government advertisement.

Globo, launched a few months after the 1964 coup, created the first true national network by the late 1960s. [1] Censorship of news was extensive under the military governments between 1966 and 1978, but it also encouraged national television program production. [1] In the early 1970s, several government ministers pushed the commercial networks to develop more Brazilian programming and reduce reliance on imported programs, particularly those with violent and sexual content. [1] While Globo adopted an international model for operations, 90 percent of its content was produced in Brazil. [6]

The 1960s represented a formative period for television development. [1] Telenovelas had largely been patterned after those in other Latin American countries, even using imported scripts, but during that decade they were developed into a considerably more sophisticated genre, specifically after the airing of Beto Rockfeller , a well-produced story about a Rio de Janeiro good-lifer, in 1968 by Tupi. [1] By the 1970s, telenovelas were the most popular programs and dominated prime time on the major networks, Globo and Tupi. [1] Globo, in particular, began to attract major writers and actors from both film and theater to work in its telenovelas. [1] The Brazilian telenovelas became good enough, as commercial television entertainment, to be exported throughout Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. [1] Brazilian exports reached over a hundred countries and the programs have often proved to be great international hits. [1] This is particularly the case with historical telenovelas such as Escrava Isaura . [1]

Alongside telenovelas, the show de auditório (a form of variety show) was carried over from radio, which often featured a mix of entertainment, music, comedy, and game show segments. These shows appealed heavily to the lower- and middle-classes, and often featured content that was considered sensational and vulgar for the period—leading to them falling out of favour by the late-1960s due to the military government. [7] [8]

Color broadcasting

Between 1962 and 1963, Rede Tupi and Rede Excelsior made the first unofficial transmissions in color, in specific programs in the city of São Paulo (both using NTSC). On February 19, 1972, color broadcasting officially began, using the PAL-M TV standard. This has the same line/frame rate as NTSC, but better color encoding.

Satellite television broadcasts began in 1960. Rede Tupi was the pioneer satellite broadcaster when it broadcast Brasilia's opening in the spring of that year, and soon it began select nationwide broadcasts thru satellite transmission.

The rise of Rede Globo

From the early 1970s to late 1980s, Globo dominated both the audience and the development of television programming. [1] It had a 60-80% share in major cities at any given time. [1] As television researcher Joseph Straubhaar declared, "even people who might have had questions about the news almost always accepted the Globo novelas". [6] During this period, Globo was accused of being the mouthpiece of the dictatorship, mainly because of its omission in covering the Diretas Já movement, in which thousands of Brazilians gathered on public squares to demand a direct election for president. [1] In 1980, Tupi went bankrupt and was closed by the military government. Its signal was split and given to Silvio Santos, who launched SBT, and Adolpho Bloch, who launched Rede Manchete. Since Tupi's disappearance, Globo virtually dominated the market alone. The only time its leadership was threatened was when Manchete aired Pantanal in 1990. Nevertheless, Manchete never achieved the same success with any other of its telenovelas, and would have the same fate of Tupi, ceasing its operations in May 1999, and having its signal replaced by that of RedeTV!.

With Globo dominating the ratings, other broadcast television networks found themselves pursuing smaller, more specific audience segments largely defined by social class. [1] SBT targeted lower middle class, working class and poor audiences, mostly with variety and game shows, [1] in addition to soaps imported from Mexico's Televisa. This strategy gained it a consistent second place in ratings for most of the 1980s and 1990s. [1] On the other hand, Manchete initially targeted a more elite audience, with news, high budget telenovelas, and imported programs, but found the segment too small to gain an adequate advertiser support. [1] Bandeirantes tended to emphasize news, public affairs and sports. [1] All three ultimately wished to pursue a general audience with general appeal programming, such as telenovelas, but discovered that such efforts would not generate an audience sufficient to pay for the increased programming costs. [1]

In 1984, Globo initially supported the military government against Diretas Já, a popular campaign for the direct election of a civilian government, [1] while other television networks, most notably Manchete, supported the change. Perceiving that it might literally lose its audience to competitors, Globo switched sides and supported the transition to a civilian regime, which was indirectly elected in a compromise situation. [1] The new political circumstances immediately reduced political censorship and pressure on broadcasters. [1]

In the 1990s, UHF television channels were launched, such as music oriented MTV Brasil, and the Catholic channel Rede Vida. Also during that period, TV Cultura and Rede Record, both based in São Paulo, began to air their signal in national broadcasting systems.

Audience decline, Globo versus Record

Rede Globo ratings at 9 p.m. (2000–2015)
YearTelenovela Share (*)+/-
2000–2001 Laços de Família 44.9%-
2001 Porto dos Milagres 44.6%-0.3%
2002 O Clone 47.0%+2.4%
2002–2003 Esperança 38.0%-9.0%
2003 Mulheres Apaixonadas 46.6%+8.6%
2003–2004 Celebridade 46%-0.6%
2004–2005 Senhora do Destino 50.4%+4.4%
2005 América 49.4%-1.0%
2006 Belíssima 48.5%-0.9%
2006–2007 Páginas da Vida 46.8%-1.7%
2007 Paraíso Tropical 42.8%-4.0%
2007–2008 Duas Caras 41.1%-1.7%
2008–2009 A Favorita 39.5%-1.6%
2009 Caminho das Índias 38.8%-0.7%
2009–2010 Viver a Vida 35.8%-3.0%
2010–2011 Passione 35.1%-0.7%
2011 Insensato Coração 36%+0.9%
2011-2012 Fina Estampa 39%+2.00%
2012 Avenida Brasil 39%-
2012-2013 Salve Jorge 34%-5.00%
2013-2014 Amor à Vida 36%+2.00%
2014 Em Família 30%-6.00%
2014-2015 Império 33%+3.00%
2015 Babilônia 25%-8.00%

(*) 1% comprises approximately 62,000 households in the Greater São Paulo area. [9]

Source: UOL

The 2000s saw the decline of television audience in the country, as internet access grew rapidly. [10] The daily average of TV sets turned on dropped from 65% in 1982–1991 to 42% in 2008. [11] In the decade, the top five TV networks in the country lost altogether 4.3% of their share. [12] SBT lost 44% of its viewership in the prime time, while Globo lost 9%. [13] The biggest decline for Globo were in its showcase telenovelas, aired at 9 p.m., which reached an all-time low during the decade. The network's latest telenovela in the time slot, Viver a Vida , scored the lowest ratings of the past ten years. [14] According to Renata Pallottin, a professor at University of São Paulo's Art and Communication School, this happens because recent telenovelas, which has the same basic story sketches since the 1970s, has proven to be unappealing to younger audiences, who watch American television series on cable TV or surf the web instead. [11] As such, telenovelas audience grew significantly older and richer in the past decade. [11]

While other TV networks face the lack of interest among viewers, one TV network weathered the decline fairly unscathed: Rede Record. In fact, the network rose its audience by 123% in the decade, partially due to investments of over US$150 million per year. [13] Although Globo maintains more than the double of Record's average ratings, the latter has been able to surpass Globo's audience on specific time slots, such as Sundays, [15] and mornings. [16] In some state capitals, such as Goiânia, Fortaleza, and Belém, for instance, Record's Domingo Espetacular already surpasses the audience of Globo's Fantástico , [17] while Record's Fala Brasil already surpasses Globo's Bom Dia Brasil in São Paulo. Globo also faces a decrease of its audience in Rio de Janeiro, where the network is headquartered. On December 11, 2009, Record surpassed the audience of Globo in Rio during the broadcast of The Elite Squad . [18] Almost a year later, on December 2, 2010, Globo came on an unprecedented third place in the Greater Rio ratings in the 11 p.m.–12 a.m. time slot. [19] On a previous occasion, Record came first in the area's ratings from 7 a.m. to 12 a.m. on September 8, 2010. [20]

A recent research conducted by Deloitte showed that surfing the web has surpassed watching TV as the entertainment activity preferred by most Brazilians. [12] Other forms of entertainment, such as watching DVDs, and viewing cable TV have also increased their popularity significantly. From 2000 to 2010, the number of households with access to cable TV increased 152%, while the DVD market saw an expansion of 430% in the same period. [12] The number of TV sets not turned on in any of the free-to-air channels—which indicates that they are being used for watching DVD or cable TV or playing videogames, also increased from 3.5% to 6.7% of the share in the decade. [12] In 2010 it further increased to 7.7% of the share, surpassing the audience of Record. Cable TV accounted for 4.5% of this, while the remaining 3.2% accounted for watching DVD and/or playing videogames. [21]

Cable television

Cable television services in Brazil were allowed to start business in 1995, according to federal law 8977/95. Since then, there were no major advances in terms of access to the technology. Brazil has one of the lowest number of households with access to cable television, as a result of the combination of high prices charged by providers and the reduced purchasing power of most Brazilians. [22] Cable television in Brazil, as of 2010, was available to only 10 million households (around 30 million viewers, which represents less than 20% of the country's population). [23] Most of the users are from the upper class (70%). [22] While the lower class represents 50% of the country's households, only 1% of them have access to cable television. [22]

The Digital TV Tower Brasilia, dubbed Flor do Cerrado. Torre de TV Digital.JPG
The Digital TV Tower Brasilia, dubbed Flor do Cerrado.

The cable television market used to be almost monopolized by satellite TV provider SKY Brasil and cable TV provider NET, both of them partially owned by Organizações Globo. However, in 2010, Globo sold 19% of its shares in SKY to the DirecTV Group, making Globo owner of only 7% of SKY shares. [24] In the same year, Embratel made an offer to buy all of Globo's shares in NET for R$4.58 billion, [25] even though Embratel has to wait the approval of Bill N° 119, that will allow companies from countries other than Brazil to own cable operations. Since 2006, large national and international phone operators, such as Embratel, Telefónica, and Oi, began to enter the market. Due to cable regulations, telephone companies are using DTH rather than IPTV to launch their TV operations. In 2010's third trimester, the market share of cable companies was: NET with 44,8%, SKY with 25,7%, Via Embratel with 9,8%, Telefónica TV Digital with 5,1%, OiTV with 3,1%, Abril (TVA) with 1,8% and smaller companies with 9,6% of the market. [26]

Digital television

Digital terrestrial television was officially adopted by Brazil on 2 December 2007, using the ISDB-T International standard, a variant of the Japanese ISDB standards which uses H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression and HE-AAC for audio compression, and support for mobile television using the 1seg standard. The government estimated that it would take seven years for DTT service to become available across the country; beginning with the greater São Paulo metropolitan, Belo Horizonte in early March 2008, and Rio de Janeiro in late May 2008. Analog television will be discontinued in phases until 2023. [27] Major Brazilian networks broadcast their digital feeds in 1080i high-definition television.

DTV in Brazil supports interactive television through the Ginga platform. [28]

On 18 January 2022, the Fórum Sistema Brasileiro TV Digital Terrestre (SBTVD Forum) recommended the Brazilian Government new technologies that would lead to Brazil's "TV 3.0" system, including the use of ATSC 3.0 technologies in the new standard. The new system is expected to begin deployment by 2024. [29]

Reality/Game Shows (2021-2024)

All of them are national versions and some of them are coupled with other larger programs.

TitleTV channelGenrePeriod
Big Brother Brasil Globo reality/game show2002-present
The Voice Brasil reality show2012-2023
The Voice Kids reality show2016-2023
The Voice + reality show2021-2022
Dança dos Famosos (Dancing with the Stars)reality show2005-present
Show dos Famosos (Your Face Sounds Familiar)reality show2017-2021
No Limite (Survivor)reality show2021-2023
Quem Quer Ser um Milionário? (Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?)game show2017-present
The Wall Brasil (The Wall)game show2018-present
Tem Ou Não Tem (Family Feud)game show2020-present
The Masked Singer Brasil reality show2021-present
Batalha do Lip Sync (Lip Sync Battle)reality show2023-present
Acredite Em Quem Quiser (To Tell the Truth)game show2022-present
Pequenos Gênios (Genius Junior)game show2018-present
Duelo de Famílias (Family Game Fight!)game show2022-present
Jogo de Panelas (Come Dine with Me)reality show2012-present
Sobe O Somgame show2021-present
Caldeirolareality show2022-present
Mestre do Sabor reality show2019-2021
Zig Zag Arenagame show2021
Minha Mãe Cozinha Melhor Que a Suareality show2023
Estrela da Casa (similar format Star Academy)reality/game show2024
Quem Vem Pra Cantar? (Duos Mystères)reality/game show2024
Salvou, É Seu!' (The Million Pound Drop)game show2024
A Fazenda (The Farm) Record reality/game show2009-present
Canta Comigo (All Together Now)reality show2018-present
Canta Comigo Teen (All Together Now)reality show2020-present
Top Chef Brasil (Top Chef)reality show2019-present
Power Couple (זוג מנצח VIP)reality/game show2016-2022
A Grande Conquista reality/game show2023-present
Ilha Record (similar format Desafío)reality/game show2021-2022
Troca de Esposas (Wife Swap)reality show2019-present
Paredão dos Famosos (Hollywood Squares)game show2021-present
Isso Eu Faço (I Can Do That)game show2014-present
Vai Dar Namoro - (Hora do Faro)reality show2009–present
Famosas em Apuros - (Hora do Faro)reality show2021–present
Pronto Pra Fama - (Hora do Faro)reality show2023–present
Casais em Apurosreality show2023–present
? (Who's Still Standing?)game show2024
Game dos Games (Game of Games)game show2021 (cancelled)
Bake Off Brasil SBT reality show2015–present
Bake Off Celebridades reality show2021–present
Roda a Roda Jequiti (Wheel of Fortune)game show2003–present
Passa ou Repassa (Double Dare)game show2013–present
Cozinhe se Puder - Mestres da Sabotagem (Cutthroat Kitchen)reality/game show2021–present
Esquadrão da Moda (What Not to Wear)reality show2009–present
Te Devo Essa! Brasil (Property_Brothers)reality show2021
Nada além de Um Minuto (Minute to Win It)game show2018–present
Programa Silvio Santos - Gincana (Takeshi's Castle)game show2008–2021
O Melhor (The Winner Is)reality/game show2022
Wall Duet Brasil (The Wall Song)reality show2021-2023
Shadow Brasilreality show2018–present
Quem Arrisca Ganha Maisgame show2021–present
Comprar É Bom, Levar É Melhorgame show2017–present
Show do Milhão PicPaygame show2021
Púlpitos da Sortegame show2023-present
Topa um Acordo Pague Menos (Let's Make a Deal)game show2023-present
Minha Mulher que Manda (My Wife Rules)reality/game show2018–present
Drive Thru Okêreality/game show2022
Ex-Maridos Contra Ex-Mulheresreality/game showIn project
O Mais Fraco Vai Embora (Weakest Link)game showIn project
Hotel dos Artistas (El hotel de los famosos)reality/game showIn project
MasterChef Brasil Band reality show2014-present
MasterChef Junior reality show2022–present
MasterChef Profissionais reality show2022–present
MasterChef + reality show2022–present
Largados e Pelados (Naked and Afraid)reality show2021-present
Desafio em Dose Dupla Brasil (Dual Survival)reality show2022
Pesadelo na Cozinha (Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares)reality show2017-2021
1001 Perguntasgame show2022
Duelo de Mãesreality show2021-2022
Mega Senha (Million Dollar Password) RedeTV! game show2010-present
O Céu é o Limite (L'eredità)game show2017-present
Operação de Risco (COPS)reality show2010–present
Operação Cupidogame show2022
Ultra Showgame show2023-present
Shark Tank Brasil (Dragons' Den)reality show2022
Imersãoreality show2021
Bela do Verãoreality show2021
Tá Certo? TV Cultura game show2017-present
Prelúdioreality show2005-present
Talentosreality show2020-2021
Cultura, O Musicalreality show2019-2021
A Bordo, o Reality (similar format Bienvenidos a bordo) TV A Crítica reality show2019-present
The Box (Cooking reality)reality show2018-present
Tudo em Família TV Aparecida game show2018-present
Revelações Brasilreality show2021-present
Revelações Sertanejoreality show2018-present
Quarta Showreality/game show2021-present
Quizz Enem Rede Meio Norte game show2023-present
Super Merendeiras - Merendeiras do Brasil TV Escola/RedeTV! reality show2018-2022
Túnel do Amor Multishow reality show2022-present
Se Sobreviver, Case!reality show2020-present
Let Love (Lang leve de liefde)reality show2023-present
Bar Abertoreality show2020-present
O Plano É Essereality show2021
De Férias com o Ex Brasil (Ex on the Beach) MTV Brasil reality show2016-present
De Férias com o Ex Caribe (Ex on the Beach)reality show2022-present
Drag Race Brasil (RuPaul's Drag Race)reality show2023-present
Rio Shore (Jersey Shore)reality show2021-present
Dating Naked Brasil (Dating Naked)reality show2024
Shaking The Bar Sony reality show2023-present
Self Made Brasilreality show2022
A Ponte: The Bridge Brasil (The Bridge) HBO Max/Discovery reality show2022-present
The Taste Brasil (The Taste) GNT reality show2015-present
Extreme Makeover Brasil: Casa dos Sonhos (Extreme Makeover)reality show2020-present
Cook Island - Ilha do Saborreality show2022-present
The Rolling Kitchen Brasilreality show2021-2022
Cozinheiros em Açãoreality show2013-2021
Que Seja Docereality show2023
Eisenbahn Mestre Cervejeiro TNT reality show2023-present
Drag Me as a Queen (Brasil) E! reality show2017-2022
Segue o Bailereality show2023-present
Batalha Makers Brasil Amazon Prime Video/L!kereality show2019-2022
Queer Eye Brasil (Queer Eye) Netflix reality show2022
Casamento às Cegas: Brasil (Love Is Blind)reality show2020-present
Iron Chef: Brasil (Iron Chef)reality show2022
The Circle Brasil (The Circle)reality show2020-2021
Ilhados com a Sogra reality show2023-present
Brincando com Fogo: Brasil (Too Hot to Handle)reality show2021-present
Ideias à Vendareality show2022
Nasce Uma Rainha (A Queen Is Born)reality show2020-2021
LOL: Se Rir, Já Era! (LOL) Amazon Prime Video reality show2021-present
Soltosreality show2020-present
Ilha da Tentação (Temptation Island)reality show2024
Caravana das Drags reality show2023-present
Match nas Estrelasreality show2023-present
The Cut Brasil (The Cut) HBO Max reality show2021-present
Queen Stars Brasilreality show2022
Corrida das Blogueiras YouTube reality show2018-present
A Ilha dos Famososreality show2018-2021
Atua ou Surtareality show2023-present
Pedreiro Top Brasilreality show2023-present
Ilhados com Beats IGTV reality show2021
Manda Jobs Beatsreality show2021

Free national terrestrial channels

ChannelCategoryNo. of affiliatesNo. of transmitters (total)Position
Globo General/Commercial1262.561Steady2.svg
Record General/Commercial1351.080Steady2.svg
SBT General/Commercial1461.194Steady2.svg
Band (Bandeirantes)General/Commercial86842Steady2.svg
RedeTV! General/Commercial87307Steady2.svg
TV Cultura Public/Commercial75429Steady2.svg
TV Brasil Public802.261Steady2.svg
Rede Brasil General/Commercial1941Increase2.svg
TV A Crítica General/Commercial10101Increase2.svg
Gazeta General/Commercial1658Decrease2.svg
TV Aparecida General/Religious/Commercial391Steady2.svg
Record News News/Commercial13120Decrease2.svg
Rede Vida Religious/Commercial7515Steady2.svg
TV Mais Família General/Religious/Commercial016Increase2.svg
Rede Meio Norte General/Commercial2854Increase2.svg
CNT General/Commercial589Decrease2.svg
Canção Nova Religious8379Steady2.svg
RIT Religious6154Steady2.svg
NGT General/Educational45Decrease2.svg
RBTV General/Commercial422Increase2.svg
Top TV Music310Increase2.svg
TV Novo Tempo Religious5207Decrease2.svg
TV Diário General/Commercial018Decrease2.svg
Rede Cidade Verde General/Commercial1833Increase2.svg
Rede Família (RFTV)General/Commercial012Steady2.svg
ISTV General/Educational112Increase2.svg
RBI General/Commercial184Decrease2.svg
Rede 21 Sport/Commercial015Increase2.svg
Canal Gov Government31.075Increase2.svg
Rede Minas Public39421Decrease2.svg
TV União (Rede União) Teenage47Steady2.svg
Amazon Sat Nature-Eco/General/Commercial023Steady2.svg
TV Pai Eterno Religious1104Increase2.svg
TV8General/Commercial12Decrease2.svg
Astral TVGeneral/Commercial23Increase2.svg
Boa Vontade TV Religious2123Steady2.svg
TVT Government33Steady2.svg
Ideal TV General/Commercial148Decrease2.svg
TV da Gente Afro/Educational01Steady2.svg
Futura Educational14289Steady2.svg
TV Escola Educational31.523Decrease2.svg
SescTV Educational23Steady2.svg
Rede Gospel Religious318Decrease2.svg
Rede Gênesis Religious024Increase2.svg
TV Câmara local Subchannel/Government5959Steady2.svg
Kiss TVSubchannel/Music01Decrease2.svg
Rede Século 21 Religious661Decrease2.svg
Rede Super Religious1030Decrease2.svg
TV Evangelizar Religious1586Decrease2.svg
RIT Notícias News319Increase2.svg
Rede Boas Novas Religious663Decrease2.svg
TV Feliz Religious06Increase2.svg
TV Nazaré Religious1730Steady2.svg
TV Senado Government01.659Increase2.svg
TV Universal Religious12 ?Decrease2.svg
Rede Mundial Religious385Decrease2.svg
TV Mundo MaiorReligious28Increase2.svg
TV Plenitude Religious0 ?Decrease2.svg
Canal SaúdeSubchannel/Public01.123Increase2.svg
TV Câmara Government11.659Steady2.svg
TV Assembleia Subchannel/Government261.452Steady2.svg
TV Justiça Government33Steady2.svg
Ponto Jus Subchannel/Government01Steady2.svg
TV Verdade Religious168Steady2.svg
Terra Viva Rural01Steady2.svg
MCI TVSubchannel/Music01Decrease2.svg
Canal Educação Subchannel/Public4 ?Increase2.svg
Univesp TV Subchannel/Public3254Steady2.svg
Multicultura Educação Subchannel/Public5255Steady2.svg
Rede Vida Educação Subchannel/Educational0515Steady2.svg

Future free national terrestrial channels

ChannelCategoryNo. of transmittersSituation
Rede Massa General/Commercial ? + (5 affiliates)From a free regional terrestrial broadcaster with the intention of national expansion
RTN TVGeneral/Commercial12From a free regional terrestrial broadcaster with the intention of national expansion
TV Gazeta GoiásGeneral/Commercial3 + (2 affiliates)From a free regional terrestrial broadcaster with the intention of national expansion
Rede Difusora General/Commercial ? + (23 affiliates)From a free regional terrestrial broadcaster with the intention of national expansion
TV Diversa Educational/Commercial41From a free regional terrestrial broadcaster with the intention of national expansion

Free regional terrestrial channels

ChannelCategoryNo. of transmittersLocation
TV Paraná Turismo (E-Paraná)Public10 + (2 affiliates)State of Paraná
CBI TV (Mega TV)Religious/Commercial2São Paulo and DF
Rede Sul de Televisão (TV Urbana)General/Commercial ?State of Rio Grande do Sul
TV Educativa do ParáPublic64State of Pará
TV InovaBusiness94State of Santa Catarina
Rede Minas EducaEducational421State of Minas Gerais
TV Transamérica General/Commercial1Curitiba/State of Paraná
Santa Cecília TV Educational5Coast of the state of São Paulo
TV Thathi Educational1Some parts of the interior of the state of São Paulo
TV Aldeia Public3State of Acre
Fonte TV Religious/Educational4State of Goiás
TV HorizonteReligious8State of Minas Gerais
TV Horizonte EducaçãoEducational5State of Minas Gerais
TV MantiqueiraPublic/Community4In some regions
TV Século 21 EducaçãoEducational61In some regions
Rede NewInteractive/Commercial ?In some regions
98 LiveGeneral/Commercial1 + (1 affiliate)State of Minas Gerais
CJCReligious1 (affiliate)Rio de Janeiro
RBC Religious15State of Pernambuco
Rede 41 Educational ?Some parts of the interior of the state of São Paulo
TVCI (RCI)Religious/Commercial7State of Paraná
TV Ativa General/Commercial1Some parts of the interior of the state of São Paulo
TV Verde Vale Educational1State of Ceará
TV Terra do Sol Public1State of Ceará
TV Padre CíceroReligious1 (affiliate)State of Ceará
TV Mato Grosso General/Commercial1State of Mato Grosso
TVM Belém General/Commercial1State of Pará
TV Templo Religious3São Paulo
TV 10 MaringáGeneral/Commercial3State of Paraná
TV Caravelas Public/Community ?Some parts of the interior of the state of Minas Gerais
COM Brasil TV Public/Community14 (affiliates)Rebroadcast by some affiliates
UTV Brasil General/Commercial4 (affiliates)In some regions of the state of São Paulo, Goiás and DF
Canal Um EuropaReligious1São Paulo
TV FL Religious1São Paulo
Rede AméricaGeneral/Commercial ?Some regions of the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais
Universo TVReligious3State of Minas Gerais
Canal EmpreenderEntrepreneurship/Commercial1São Paulo
Regional Educational Subchannels (RES)Subchannel/Educational601In some affiliates
Channels from prefectures and other small companiesPublic/Commercial65In some cities

Defunct, extinct or replaced free terrestrial channels

ChannelCategoryPeriod
TV Shoptime Commercial1995-2023
ZTVGeneral/Commercial2022-2023
TV Brasil 2 Public2019-2023
Loading Pop and Geek/Commercial2020-2021
TV NBR Government1998-2019
Cine+Films/Commercial2016-2019
Esporte Interativo BR Sport/Commercial2007-2018
TV Ultrafarma Commercial2015-2017
TVCOM General/Commercial1995-2015
TV Shop Tour Commercial1987-2015
Mix TV Music and Young People/Commercial2005-2014
MTV Brasil Youth and Entertainment/Commercial1996-2009
TV Show TimeCommercial2006-2008
Rede Mulher Woman/Commercial1994-2007
TVE Brasil Public1975-2007
TV JB General/Commercial2007
TV! General/Commercial1999
Manchete General/Commercial1983-1999
TV Jovem Pan General/Commercial1991-1995
Rede OM General/Commercial1982-1993
REI General/Commercial1969-1989
Rede Tupi General/Commercial1950-1980
TV Continental General/Commercial1959-1971
TV Excelsior General/Commercial1960-1970
Emissoras Unidas General/Commercial1959-1967

Displaced free terrestrial channels

ChannelCategorySituation
Polishop TV Commercial2020, from free TV to cable and satellite TV
CentralTVGeneral/Commercial2019, from free TV to cable and satellite TV
Life Channel BrasilGeneral/Commercial2018, from free TV to cable and satellite TV
TV Mackenzie Academic/Scientific2008-2017, from free TV to web TV
TV Rá-Tim-Bum Subchannel/Children2008-2016, from free TV to cable and satellite TV
Ulbra TV General/Commercial2005-2013, from own broadcaster to affiliate of TV Cultura
PlayTV General/Commercial2006-2008, from free TV to cable and satellite TV
Canal Rural Rural/Commercial1998-1999, from free TV to cable and satellite TV
GloboNews News/Commercial1996-2016, from encoded TV to cable and satellite TV
ESPN Sport/Commercial1989-1994, from free TV to cable and satellite TV

Cable and satellite

Free national satellite channels (2023)

ChannelCategoryDefinitionTuning
CentralTVGeneralHDNova Parabólica-TVRO
CNN Brazil NewsHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
TV Rá-Tim-Bum ChildrenHDStarOne D2 - Banda C
CineBrasil TV FilmsHDStarOne C3 - Banda C/KU
Nosso Futebol SportHDAmazonas 2/3/5 - Banda C e Ku
Woohoo Sport, Music and Young PeopleHDIntelsat 14/Amazonas 2/3/5 - Banda C/Ku
AgroBrasil TV RuralSDSES 6 - Banda C
ZooMoo Kids Children and NatureHDIntelsat 11/SES 6/ES 14 - Banda C
Fish TV Sport FishingHDStarOne C3 - Banda C/KU
New BrasilVarietyHDStarOne C3 - Banda C/KU
TV MilAgro BrasilAgribusinessSDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
Canal do CriadorAgribusinessSDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
PlayTV+ GeneralHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
TV Jovem Pan News NewsHDStarOne D2 - Banda C/Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
Rede AméricaGeneralHDStarOne D2 - Banda C
Canal Rural RuralHDStarOne D2/C3 - Banda C/Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
Agro Canal RuralHDStarOne D2 - Banda C/Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
Canal do Boi RuralHDStarOne D2 - Banda C/Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
Polishop TV CommercialHDStarOne D2 - Banda C/Ku/TVRO
Box Brazil Play VarietyHDIntelsat 14 45ºW - Banda C
Prime Box Brazil FilmsHDIntelsat 14 45ºW - Banda C
Travel Box Brazil TourismHDIntelsat 14 45ºW - Banda C
Music Box Brazil MusicHDIntelsat 14 45ºW - Banda C
FashionTV Brasil VarietyHDIntelsat 14 45ºW - Banda C
BM&C NewsNewsHDIntelsat 14 45ºW - Banda C
Box Kids TVChildrenHDIntelsat 14 45ºW - Banda C
MarkketVarietyHDIntelsat 14 45ºW - Banda C
Life Channel BrasilVarietyHDStarOne D2/C4 - Banda C/Ku
Aki Tem TVReligiousHDStarOne D2/C4 - Banda C/Ku
TV Maná Brasil/Kuriakos TVReligiousHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
TV Padre CíceroReligiousHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
AgroPlusAgribusinessHDNova Parabólica-TVRO
TV MaranataReligiousHDNova Parabólica-TVRO-StarOne D2
Ypê TVGeneralHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
BR8 TVRegionalHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
Vivax TVGeneralHDIntelsat 14/StarOne D2 - Banda C/Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
WooHoo EsportesSportHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
TV CELVarietyHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
TV Litoral RNRegionalHDNova Parabólica-TVRO
TV Centro SulRegionalHDNova Parabólica-TVRO
TV GazinCommercialHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
Ultrafarma TVVarietyHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/Nova Parabólica-TVRO
Medalhão PersaCommercialHDIntelsat 14 - Banda C
TV Mais ConasemsVarietyHDEutelsat 65 West A - Banda C e Ku
TV Família do ReinoReligiousSDSES 10 - Banda Ku
TV JockeySportSDStarOne C3 - Banda C/KU
TV TurfeSportSDStarOne C3 - Banda C/KU
Rede MosaicoVarietyHDSES 6 - Banda C
Canal LibrasEducationalSDStarOne C3 - Banda C/KU
TV Verdes Campos SatVarietyHDABS 3A - Banda C
C3-TVNewsHDNova Parabólica-TVRO
F11 TVVarietyHDTVRO-StarOne D2
Antena VIPVarietyHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/TVRO-StarOne D2
MasperTVVarietyHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/TVRO
tvPTVarietyHDStarOne D2 - Banda Ku/TVRO-StarOne D2

Pay and cable satellite channels

Major pay television providers are Claro (cable and satellite), SKY (satellite), Vivo TV (cable/IPTV/satellite), Oi TV (satellite television).

National channels

Multinational channels

Criticism

As referenced by journalist Eugênio Bucci, the problem of "audiovisual media ownership concentration is relatively sharper" in Brazil when compared to the United States. [30] According to the study Donos da Mídia (English: Media owners), Rede Globo alone controls 340 television stations, more than SBT and Rede Record combined. [31] This is largely attributed to the fact that television in the country was launched in the early 1950s by the private sector, without much state regulation and control [32] — in a manner very similar to the system of for-profit, private networks of American TV and away from the state-owned, public TV stations in Europe and in the Communist bloc. The first national public television network, TV Brasil, was only launched on December 2, 2007 (before that, since the 1960s there were local public-educative TV stations controlled by the state's governments), the same day that digital television was introduced in the country, initially limited to the cities of Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Luís and São Paulo.[ citation needed ]

Intellectuals and journalists in Brazil, mainly in the left of the political spectrum, criticize Brazilian TV as being too much Americanized and promoter of irrational, superficial consumerism and of having a general conservative bias, neglecting representation and respect in relation to traditionally oppressed classes and peoples like the Afro-Brazilian peoples and religion, Native Brazilians, poor women, favela inhabitants, atheists, peasants and LGBT people.[ citation needed ]

Most-viewed channels

This list does not include thematical TV channels, streaming, games, and Internet (YouTube and others).

Viewing shares, 2023:

PositionChannelGroupShare of total viewing (%)
1 Globo Organizações Globo 41.0%
2 Record Central Record de Comunicação 12.9%
3 SBT Grupo Silvio Santos 11.5%
4Cable and Satellite TV channelsCable and Satellite TV channels10.3%
5 Band Grupo Bandeirantes de Comunicação 6.0%
6 TV Brasil Brazil Communication Company 2.1%
7 RedeTV! Grupo TeleTV2.0%
8 TV Cultura Padre Anchieta Foundation 1.9%
9 Rede Brasil Sistema de Comunicação Pantanal Ltda1.5%
10 TV A Crítica Rede Calderaro de Comunicação1.4%
11 Gazeta Fundação Cásper Líbero 1.3%
12 TV Aparecida Rede Aparecida de Comunicação1.2%
13 Record News Central Record de Comunicação 1.0%
14 Rede Vida INBRAC - Grupo Monteiro de Barros de Comunicação0.8%
15 TV Mais Família Grupo Patati Patatá0.6%
16 Rede Meio Norte Grupo Meio Norte de Comunicação0.5%
17 CNT Organizações Martinez0.4%
18 Canção Nova Fundação João Paulo II0.3%
19 RIT Fundação Internacional de Comunicação0.2%
20 NGT Fundação de Fátima - Fundação Veneza0.2%
-OthersOther terrestrial channels2.9%

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão</span> Brazilian commercial television network

The Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão is a Brazilian television network founded on Wednesday, 19 August 1981, by the businessman and television personality Silvio Santos. The company was established after a public tender by the Brazilian Federal Government to form two new networks, created from revoked concessions of the defunct Tupi and Excelsior networks. The SBT was founded on the same day that the concession agreement was signed, and that the act was broadcast live by the network, so that this was his first program aired. Before acquiring the concessions of the four station that were to form the SBT, Grupo Silvio Santos had since 1976 the concession of Rio de Janeiro's channel 11, known as TVS Rio de Janeiro, which was a fundamental step to give life to the SBT.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TV Globo</span> Brazilian commercial television network

TV Globo, formerly known as Rede Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network, launched by media proprietor Roberto Marinho on 26 April 1965. It is owned by media conglomerate Grupo Globo. The TV station is by far the largest of its holdings. Globo is the largest commercial TV network in Latin America and the second-largest commercial TV network in the world behind the American Broadcasting Company and the largest producer of telenovelas. All of this makes Globo renowned as one of the most important television networks in the world and Grupo Globo as one of the largest media groups.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MTV Brasil</span> Former Brazilian television network

MTV Brasil was a Brazilian over-the-air television network owned by Grupo Abril focused on the youth and entertainment. The network was launched on 20 October 1990, as the first specialty television network to broadcast over-the-air, becoming the local version of MTV. It was the third MTV iteration launched in the world, and the first to broadcast via terrestrial television.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rede Manchete</span> Defunct Brazilian television network

Rede Manchete was a Brazilian television network that was founded in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1983 by the Ukrainian-Brazilian journalist and businessman Adolpho Bloch. The network remained on the air until 10 May 1999. It was part of Grupo Bloch, which published the magazine Manchete by Bloch Editores, its publishing division; the television network was named after the magazine.

Record, formerly known as Rede Record and RecordTV, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network. It is currently the second largest commercial TV station in Brazil, and the 28th largest in the 2012 world ranking. In 2010, it was elected by the advertising market as the fifth largest station in the world in revenues and the eighth largest network in physical structure. In June 2021, it ranked second among the most watched channels in the country in the National Television Panel, behind only TV Globo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canais Globo</span> Cable/satellite channels division of Grupo Globo

Globosat, was a Brazilian pay television content service, part of Grupo Globo. Established in 1991, after the creation of subscription television services in Brazil, with 29 channels and over 1,000 employees, it is the largest pay television content provider in Brazil, as well as of Latin America, comprising a domestic audience of 45 million viewers distributed among more than 15 million households.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rede Bandeirantes</span> Brazilian commercial television network

Rede Bandeirantes, or simply known as Band, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network. It began broadcasting on May 13, 1967 on VHF channel 13 in São Paulo. Its founder was businessman João Saad with the help of his father-in-law and former São Paulo governor Adhemar de Barros. In terms of audience and revenue, it is currently the fourth largest Brazilian television network. It broadcasts throughout Brazil through its owned-and-operated stations and affiliates. It also has a series of pay TV channels and it broadcasts internationally via Band Internacional.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rede Tupi</span> Defunct Brazilian broadcast television network

Rede Tupi was a Brazilian commercial terrestrial television network. Its flagship station, located in the city of São Paulo, was the first TV station to operate in the country, being inaugurated on 18 September 1950 by journalist Assis Chateaubriand. It was owned by Diários Associados, one of the largest media conglomerates of the 20th century, owner of several newspapers, magazines, and radio stations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Record News</span> Brazilian television network

Record News is the first 24-hour free-to-air terrestrial news channel in Brazil, and the third Brazilian news channel to be launched after GloboNews and BandNews TV. It is owned by Grupo Record.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rede Brasil de Televisão</span> Brazilian television network

Rede Brasil de Televisão is a Brazilian television network headquartered in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. The network first aired in April 2007 and has its studios in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo. Its network is administered by Marcos Tolentino da Silva.

Grupo Globo, formerly and still legally known as Organizações Globo, is a Brazilian private mass media conglomerate based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Founded in 1925 by Irineu Marinho, it is the largest media group in Latin America, and one of the world's largest media conglomerates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TV Excelsior</span> Defunct Brazilian television network

Rede Excelsior was a Brazilian television network founded by Mário Wallace Simonsen on July 9, 1960, in São Paulo, São Paulo. Its last broadcast happened on September 30, 1970, when the Brazilian military dictatorship put an abrupt end to it.

The Brazilian telenovela, the most popular form of teledramaturgy in Brazil, has been produced and aired in the country since the 1950s. Sua Vida Me Pertence, written and directed by Walter Forster and shown on the now-defunct TV Tupi São Paulo between December 21, 1951 and February 15, 1952, was the world's first telenovela. According to Keske & Scherer, telenovelas have held the "status of the most profitable product in the Brazilian cultural industry" since the mid-1970s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TV Globo Internacional</span> Television channel

TV Globo Internacional is an international pay television channel broadcasting from Brazil. It was launched on 24 August 1999 and it is owned by Grupo Globo.

Globoplay is a Brazilian subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Grupo Globo. The service primarily distributes films and television series produced by Estúdios Globo with the service also hosting content from other providers, content add-ons, live sporting events, and video rental and purchasing services. It was created on October 26, 2015, and launched in Brazil on November 3 of the same year. In 2020, it reached the milestone of 20 million registered users and became the most used national streaming service in Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TV dos Trabalhadores</span> Television station in Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil

The TV dos Trabalhadores is a Brazilian television broadcaster founded in 2010 with headquarters and studios in the city of São Bernardo do Campo and a concession in the city of Mogi das Cruzes, both in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. It belongs to Fundação Sociedade Comunicação, Cultura e Trabalho, founded by Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC and Sindicato dos Bancários e Financiários de São Paulo, Osasco and Região that also maintains Rádio Brasil Atual.

SBT Rio is a Brazilian television station located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, capital of the state of the same name. It operates on channel 11 and is an owned-and-operated station of Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão. The station has its facilities located in the Charles de Gaulle Business Center, in the Castelo region, downtown Rio de Janeiro, on the outskirts of Santos Dumont Airport, and its transmitters are at the top of Morro do Sumaré, in the Rio Comprido neighborhood.

TV Iguaçu is a Brazilian television station based in Curitiba, capital of the state of Paraná. It operates on channel 4 and is affiliated with SBT. It is the flagship station of Rede Massa, a regional television network owned by Grupo Massa, which broadcasts to four more stations spread across the interior of the state. Its studios are located in the Parolin neighborhood, and its transmitters are in the TV Bandeirantes Paraná tower, in the Pilarzinho neighborhood.

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