MTV Brasil was a Brazilian over-the-air television network owned by Grupo Abril focused on the youth and entertainment. The network was launched on 20 October 1990, as the first specialty television network to broadcast over-the-air, becoming the local version of MTV.[2] It was the third MTV iteration launched in the world, and the first to broadcast via terrestrial television.
The network headquarters was at 52 Avenida Professor Alfonso Bovero, Sumaré, São Paulo city, which was formerly the headquarters of Rede Tupi. This building was listed by Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico (Condephaat) as having an historical heritage, becoming the first to be officially listed in the city.[3]
At the beginning of the 2010s, the channel was considered the largest youth network and the seventh largest terrestrial TV network in Brazil; it is still counted by Meio&Mensagem newspaper as the fifth most-viewed TV network in the country.[4][5] MTV Brasil was the first network in the country dedicated to young people,[6][7] targeting the "A/B audience" between the ages of 15 and 29.[8] It is also first TV network in Brazil to broadcast their programming 24-hours-a-day, morning and night.[9]
In June 2013, Grupo Abril began the process of returning the MTV brand to ViacomCBS (now Paramount Global) due to the major financial crisis that both the group and the broadcaster were facing. The network ended its broadcasts on September 30, 2013. Viacom, in turn, relaunched MTV on pay TV a day later. On terrestrial television, the network was replaced by Ideal TV.[10]
Background
MTV, acronym of Music Television, debuted in the United States on 20 August 1981 under the control of Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment.[11][12] Today owned by Viacom, the subscription network revolutionized the music industry worldwide with the popularization of music videos, that were showcased by hosts known as video jockeys, or “VJ’s”.[13][14] In Brazil, the company has partnered with the Rede Bandeirantes for the broadcasting of special events, such as awards shows.[15]
The music video itself first came to Brazil through the Rede Globo's weekly news and entertainment show Fantástico. The news magazine was the only TV show to produce and broadcast this type of programming, until the early 1980s, when the independent music video producers wanted to escape the standards imposed by the network. At the same time, MTV appeared in the North American market. Throughout the decade, other programs dedicated to music videos were created, like Clip Trip, on TV Gazeta, Som Pop, on TV Cultura, FMTV and Manchete Clip Show from the defunct Rede Manchete and the Clip Clip, broadcast by Rede Globo.[16]
History
MTV Brasil was launched on 20 October 1990, only to metropolitan São Paulo, through UHF channel A32 and metropolitan Rio de Janeiro, through VHF channel A9 (with TV Corcovado as an affiliate station). The first video shown was Garota de Ipanema, sung by Marina Lima.
In 1996, Viacom acquired 50% of the network, which was, until then, a wholly owned subsidiary of Abril.
In 2005, due to regulatory requirements that non-Brazilian companies can own only up to 30% of a terrestrial network, Abril acquired 20% of MTV Brasil from Viacom.
In September 2006, MTV Brasil launched the broadband channel Overdrive [8] following the international model for the MTV Overdrive. Meanwhile, MTV Brasil announced that it will launch an FM radio station in January 2007 before gradually expanded nationwide.[8]
In early 2007, MTV Brasil stopped airing music videos, being its feature since its launch but was gradually reduced in the mid-2000s.[8]
Logo 2007 used until 2012 – Still used in most of the MTV shows' logos.
On 2 December 2007, after the official start of commercial HDTV broadcasts in Brazil, MTV launched MTV HD, a simulcast of the main MTV service, featuring original high-definition series and MTV2's $2 Bill concerts. MTV HD is currently available over-the-air in São Paulo. In January 2008, MTV changed its broadcast frequency in Rio de Janeiro from UHF channel 24 to 48. On 1 September 2008 starts transmitting on satellite Star One C2 (70°W South America coverage) by analog system PAL-M, free-to-air frequency 4010H after being encrypted since 1993. This is seen as a response to NET Brasil (a wholly owned subsidiary of Organizações Globo that distributes channels to NET Serviços – and its affiliates – and SKY Brasil) dropping MTV from its systems, after disagreeing to MTV conditioning its carriage on cable and satellite to the carriage of Abril owned channels Fiz and Ideal, which, for low viewership (especially since they were never carried by Net or Sky), were closed down in July 2009. MTV remains available on Net cable in markets where it's a must-carry station, for being a full-power broadcast station covering that market.
In December 2009, Abril announced it would purchase Viacom's stake in MTV Brasil and gain exclusive rights to use the MTV brand in Brazil.
MTV Brasil was one of the few MTV channels around the world that didn't air Laguna Beach or any of its spin-offs (such as The Hills), since they were picked up by competitor Multishow.
On 15 May 2013, journalist Keila Jimenez published an article in her blog Outro Canal that Grupo Abril was not going to continue to manage the channel until the end of that year, due to the risk of bankruptcy. On 12 June, Kelia posted that Grupo Abril was going to return the brand MTV to Viacom and was going to release a new channel in its place. This was later confirmed by another journalist, Patricia Kogut.[18] A day later, MTV Brasil canceled three TV shows: Acesso MTV, MTV Sem Vergonha and A Hora do Chay and its VJs were fired. A week later, Zico Góes, head of programming on the channel, confirmed that the brand MTV was returned to Viacom and MTV Brasil was going to continue with new TV shows until the end of September. On 29 July, Viacom International Media Networks announced that the channel would be relaunched on 1 October on pay TV. Grupo Abril announced a goodbye special of the channel from free-to-air television on 30 September. In September, Grupo Abril agreed to sell the entire archive (almost 33 thousand VHS video-tapes) to Viacom. Most of the collection is being selected by Zico Góes, who is scheduled to release a book with the My MTV special shows. The last live TV show of MTV Brasil was held on 26 September, with the VJs and employees of the channel making a party around the former MTV building in Perdizes. It was held from 6pm to midnight (BRT).
The last TV show aired was O Último Programa do Mundo ("The Last Program in the World"). Cuca Lazarotto, who introduced the first music video aired on MTV Brasil, also introduced the last music video, "Maracatu Atômico" by Chico Science & Nação Zumbi.[19]Astrid Fontenelle appeared to give the last message aired by MTV Brasil (which was recorded in the third week of September) and close MTV Brasil's broadcasting. Fontenelle was known for being the first VJ of MTV Brasil's most famous TV show, Disk MTV. After that, the channel was replaced by Grupo Abril's Ideal TV[20] and MTV Brasil relaunched on pay TV as only "MTV" on the following day.
Sale of the former broadcaster to the Spring
On December 18, 2013, in an official statement, Fábio Colletti Barbosa, president of Grupo Abril, announced the sale of the concessions belonging to Abril Radiofusão to Grupo Spring de Comunicação, which publishes the Brazilian edition of Rolling Stone.[21][22] This group belongs to José Roberto Maluf, former vice-president of SBT and Band, and current president of TV Cultura. The transaction values were not disclosed, but it is speculated that it is around R$200 million and also supposedly Abril refused a higher value than that coming from the religious R. R. Soares, thus making the future of the new broadcaster in its hands and probably, a secular programming[23][24]. All of this still has to be approved by the Ministry of Communications and the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (Cade). Despite not having sold the station to Soares, Abril ended up selling spaces on the station to the church of religious leader Valdemiro Santiago, due to the delay in approving the sale process to Spring.[25][23][26] The Federal Public Ministry also questioned the sale, which was approved by Cade and the Ministry of Communications.
Controversies
Due to its proposal and target audience, MTV Brasil gave its professionals extreme creative and expressive freedom, which led to different controversies during its 23 years of existence.
Cartoons
In the 1990s, MTV Brasil followed the trend of showing adult-oriented cartoons, such as Beavis and Butt-Head, Daria and, especially, South Park. At the time, the concept of adult animation was not known in Brazil and even cartoons like The Simpsons were seen as childish. The rejection by the public and specialized critics was immediate and such cartoons did not last long on the network's schedule despite their high ratings.
Later, MTV Brasil would revive the concept with the national series Megaliga MTV de VJs Paladinos and Fudêncio e Seus Amigos.
Indicative classification
Not only in North American MTV animations and productions, the presence of swear words on MTV Brasil was constant at almost any time of day. Several MTV programs were reclassified by the Brazilian Rating System.
In 2007, while Abert was involved in controversies against the system, MTV Brasil defended it.[27]
Ident
In 2002, the 12th Civil Court of São Paulo ordered Abril Radiodifusão (now Grupo Spring) to pay R$7.4 million reais for each month in which a vignette was shown where, if paused at each frame, there were photos of women in sexual situations involving sadomasochism[28][29].
In 2004, MTV began showing a ident that read: Tédio, falta de criatividade, confusão, burrice, conformismo... desliga a televisão e vá ler um livro! [Boredom, lack of creativity, confusion, stupidity, conformism... turn off the television and go read a book!]. The ident was shown in different versions - the most controversial one stayed on the screen for about 15 minutes with the order of the last sentence[30][31][32].
At the time, it was estimated that 14% of the audience for the vignette turned off the television[33].
The Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão is a Brazilian free-to-air television network founded on Wednesday, 19 August 1981, by the businessman and television personality Silvio Santos. The company was established after a public tender by the Brazilian Federal Government to form two new networks, created from revoked concessions of the defunct Tupi and Excelsior networks. The SBT was founded on the same day that the concession agreement was signed, and that the act was broadcast live by the network, so that this was his first program aired. Before acquiring the concessions of the four stations that were to form the SBT, Grupo Silvio Santos had since 1976 the concession of Rio de Janeiro's channel 11, known as TVS Rio de Janeiro, which was a fundamental step to give life to the SBT.
TV Globo, formerly known as Rede Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air television network, launched by media proprietor Roberto Marinho on 26 April 1965. It is owned by media conglomerate Grupo Globo, in turn owned by Marinho's heirs. The network is by far the largest of its holdings. TV Globo is the largest commercial TV network in Latin America and the second largest commercial TV networks in the world and the largest producer of telenovelas. All of this makes Globo renowned as one of the most important television networks in the world and Grupo Globo as one of the largest media groups.
Universo Online is a Brazilian web content, products and services company. It belongs to Grupo Folha enterprise.
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Rede Tupi was a Brazilian commercial terrestrial television network. Its flagship station, located in the city of São Paulo, was the first TV station to operate in the country, being inaugurated on 18 September 1950 by journalist Assis Chateaubriand. It was owned by Diários Associados, one of the largest media conglomerates of the 20th century, owner of several newspapers, magazines, and radio stations.
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Grupo Globo, formerly and still legally known as Organizações Globo, is a Brazilian private entertainment and mass media conglomerate based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Founded in 1925 by Irineu Marinho, it is the largest media group in Latin America, and one of the world's largest media conglomerates.
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Criticism of TV Globo refers to the extensive history of controversies involving the Brazilian television network monopoly, which has an unparalleled ability to influence Brazil's culture and shape the country's public opinion. The owners of Rede Globo had enriched themselves with government favors to become billionaires. The Globo Grupo are remanagment the branding in the internet for self-promote since 2010's decade.
Grupo Bloch, also known as Empresas Bloch, was a Brazilian media conglomerate, founded by Ukrainian businessman Adolpho Bloch's family after their arrival in Rio de Janeiro in 1922, when they created Joseph Bloch & Filhos company. The company, which published pamphlets and other printed material, also started to print magazines. Thus, in 1953, the company launched Manchete magazine. With its successful launch, the publishing division of Bloch Editores was established.
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