Brazilian comics

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Brazilian comics
Agostini Ze Caipora.jpg
Zé Caipora from 1886.
Earliest publications19th century
Publishers Conrad Editora
Editora Globo
Editora JBC
Panini Comics
Publications O Tico-Tico
O Globo Juvenil
As Aventuras de Roberto Sorocaba
Creators Angelo Agostini
J. Carlos
Roberto Marinho
Roger Cruz
Mike Deodato
Series and characters"Turma do Pererê"
"Monica's Gang"
"O Menino Maluquinho"
"Senninha"
"Sítio do Picapau Amarelo"
"Geraldão"
Languages Brazilian Portuguese
Related articles
Portuguese comics

Brazilian comics (known in Brazilian Portuguese as HQs, gibis, revistinhas, historietas, quadrinhos or tirinhas) started in the 19th century, adopting a satirical style known as cartoon, charges or caricature that would later be cemented in the popular comic strips. The publication of magazines dedicated exclusively to comics, in Brazil, started at the beginning of the 20th century. Brazilian artists have worked with both styles. In the case of American comics some have achieved international fame, like Roger Cruz with X-Men and Mike Deodato with Thor, Wonder Woman and others.

Contents

History

Precursors and initial steps (1837–1895)

First Brazil editorial cartoon, by Manuel de Araujo Porto-alegre (1837). 1837 first caricature in Brazil - Regency.png
First Brazil editorial cartoon, by Manuel de Araújo Porto-alegre (1837).

Brazilian comics have a long history, that goes back to the 19th century. As a charge, the first drawing was circulated in 1837, sold in separate like a lithography, by Manuel de Araújo Porto-alegre. [1] This author would latter create a magazine of political humor in 1844.

Angelo Agostini, pioneer of Brazilian comics. Angelo Agostini-Pires.jpg
Angelo Agostini, pioneer of Brazilian comics.

In the late of the 1860s, Angelo Agostini continued the tradition of introducing the Brazilian journalistic and popular publications, drawings with themes of political and social satire. Between his most popular characters, drawn as protagonists of stories in comics, were Nho Quim (1869) and Zé Caipora (1883). [2] Agostini published in magazines like Vida Fluminense, O Malho , and Don Quixote.

O Tico-Tico

Released on October 11, 1905, the magazine O Tico-Tico is considered the first comic book in the country. Designed by the cartoonist Renato de Castro, the project was presented to Luís Bartolomeu de Souza e Silva, the owner of the magazine O Malho (where Angelo Agostini worked after the cancellation of Don Quixote). [3] After being approved, the magazine was attended by Angelo Agostini, who created the logo and some stories. [4] The format was inspired by the French children's magazine La Semaine de Suzette , [5] which had some of its characters adapted to a Brazilian version. [6] The magazine had the collaboration of renowned artists such as J. Carlos (responsible for the graphic changes in 1922), Max Yantok, and Alfredo Storni. [7]

The most successful character in the magazine was Chiquinho (published between 1905 and 1958), considered for many years an original Brazilian creation (however, in recent publications the character has been accused of being a rip-off of the American character Buster Brown). [8] Other characters who starred in the magazine were Reco-Reco, Bolão e Azeitona by Luiz Sá, Lamparina by J. Carlos, Kaximbown by Max Yantok, Max Muller by A. Rocha, and others. [4]

In the 1930s, some American strips and characters, such as Mickey Mouse, Krazy Kat, and Felix the Cat, were published in the magazine. J. Carlos was the first Brazilian artist to draw characters from the Walt Disney Company in the pages of Tico-Tico. [9]

The magazine lost popularity in the 1930s when new comic books and newspaper comic strips were released in Brazil. The magazine ended in 1957, with some republications until 1977. [10]

Supplements and the creation of the publishers

In September 1929, the newspaper A Gazeta creates a comic supplement in tabloid format, based on the Sunday supplements of the American comics; in the following month, Casa Editorial Vecchi (an Italian origin publisher) published the magazine: Mundo Infantil, but the success of the supplements was given in 1934 with the creation of the magazine Suplemento Infantil (later renamed as Suplemento Juvenil) by Adolfo Aizen. Aizen was known to work in the newspaper O Globo , and also in magazines O Malho and O Tico-Tico. His project was loosely inspired by American comics, he formed partnerships to publish the stories with characters like Flash Gordon, Mandrake the Magician, Donald Duck, Popeye, along original characters created by Brazilian artists as As Aventuras de Roberto Sorocaba. [11]

With the success of the magazine other magazine supplements were created in the following years, among them the one that earned popularity was O Globo Juvenil, created by Roberto Marinho to compete against the Suplemento Juvenil. O Globo Juvenil was responsible for introducing characters such as Superman, The Phantom, Prince Valiant, Li'l Abner, Alley Oop, and the republication of some titles from Suplemento Juvenil. [11]

In 1937, a new character was created through the newspaper supplements called A Garra Cinzenta, created by Francisco Armond and Renato Silva. The character has become known for its mature themes involving mystery, horror and science fiction. The comics ended in 1939 totaling 100 pages, and was later republished in the Franco-Belgian market.

Titles

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angelo Agostini</span> Italian-born Brazilian Illustrator and journalist (1843–1910)

Angelo Agostini was an Italian-born Brazilian illustrator, journalist and founder of several publications, and although born in Italy, is considered the first Brazilian cartoonist.

<i>O Tico-Tico</i> First Brazilian comics magazine

O Tico-Tico was a weekly Brazilian children's magazine, published between 1905 and 1977. It was the first magazine to publish comics in Brazil. It also featured stories and educational activities. Among its famous readers were Erico Verissimo, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Ruy Barbosa and Carlos Drummond de Andrade.

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André Luiz da Silva Pereira, well known as André Vazzios is a Brazilian colorist, comics artist and architect. Graduated in Architecture from Mackenzie Presbyterian University, he began his career as an illustrator in 1995 at the Abril Jovem publishing house.

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Manoel Messias de Mello, better known as Messias de Mello, was a Brazilian illustrator and painter. Born in Alagoas, he moved to São Paulo in the 1930s. He started working as designer of posters and shop windows, until he got a job as an illustrator at Gazeta Juvenil, a children's supplement for the newspaper A Gazeta.

Sérgio Lima (1925–1988) was a Brazilian illustrator and comics artist. In the 1960s, he worked at the publishing house Prelúdio, where he illustrated cordel leaflets and comic books such as Juvêncio, o justiceiro do sertão, as well as adaptations of cordel literature. He also illustrated the comic book biography of Silvio Santos, written by R. F. Lucchetti, as well as horror comics. In the 1970s, he started to create Disney comics at editora Abril and worke in Os Trapalhões comic book. In 1987, he was awarded with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years.

Luiz Sá was a Brazilian comic book artist, caricaturist, illustrator, painter, scenographer and publicist. Born in the state of Ceará, he moved to Rio de Janeiro around 1929, where he began working for O Tico-Tico, the first comics magazine in Brazil. In O Tico-Tico, Sá created his most famous characters: the trio Reco-Reco, Bolão and Azeitona, considered the first legitimately Brazilian comic book characters and also the most popular of the magazine until its ending, in the 1960s. Sá was also one of the pioneers in Brazilian animation. In 1974, he contracted tuberculosis and, in 1979, he died of complications from the disease. In 1988, he was awarded posthumously with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years.

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Primaggio Mantovi is an Italian-born Brazilian comics artist. Born in Italy, he moved with his family to Brazil at age nine. He began his career at publishing house Rio Gráfica Editora (RGE) in 1964, where he produced around 200 magazine covers and wrote and illustrated comics about western and humor. In 1972, he released his own character at RGE, the clown Sacarrolha, who had his own comic book that was quite successful at the time. Mantovi also created the comic strip Dr. Zoo, o Veterinário, which was published in newspapers in Brazil, Cuba and the Netherlands. From 1973, Mantovi also worked with Disney comics at editora Abril, being responsible for the coordination of "Escolinha Disney", an Abril project that sought to create new talent for the then great Brazilian production of Disney comics. In 1991, he was awarded with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years.

Waldyr Igayara de Souza was a Brazilian comic book artist and editor. He started his career working for the Outubro and Taika publishing houses, as well as the studio Alcântara Machado Propaganda, along with Lyrio Aragão, Julio Shimamoto and Luiz Saidenberg. In 1961, he started working at editora Abril, being one of the first Brazilian artists to work with Disney comics at the publishing house. He created the character Dugan Duck, nephew of Fethry Duck. The character was quite successful in Brazil and Italy, being the only duck with a yellow color. Igayara also worked as editorial director of Abril's children's division for 20 years, creating important children's magazines such as Recreio e Alegria. In 1993, he was awarded with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years.

Ivan Saidenberg was a Brazilian comics artist, writer and cartoonist.

Roberto Fukue, sometimes Roberto O. Fukue or Rof, was a Brazilian comic artist of Japanese descent. He started working with comic books at age 16, following his brother Paulo Fukue, who had been hired by the EDREL publishing house. In 1972, Fukue went to editora Abril, again together with his brother, where he worked for many years with Disney comics, drawing characters like José Carioca, Goofy, Mickey, etc. He also worked on the comic books Senninha and Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo, among others. In 1995, he was awarded with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years. In 2009, Fukue was part of the creative team that relaunched the comic book Turma do Arrepio, which was a success in the 1990s.

Renato Silva was a Brazilian illustrator and comic book artist.

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Carlos Arthur Thiré was a Brazilian set designer, filmmaker, costume designer, painter and comics artist. He was married to actress Tônia Carrero and father of actor Cecil Thiré. He began his career as an illustrator in the 1930s at the newspaper A Noite, having been nominated to this work by Júlio César de Mello e Souza, a family friend. Thiré created the comics strip Raffles, whose comic books were published by Adolfo Aizen at Grande Consórcio de Suplementos Nacionais publishing house. He also created comics for the magazine O Tico-Tico, but, around the 1940s, he left comics to focus on his work as an actor and, later, in 1949, as a set designer, screenwriter and director at Companhia Cinematográfica Vera Cruz. In 1998, he was posthumously awarded with the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for Master of National Comics, an award that aims to honor artists who have dedicated themselves to Brazilian comics for at least 25 years.

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References

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  2. Angelo Agostini, pioneiro dos quadrinhos
  3. Waldomiro Vergueiro. "A odisséia dos quadrinhos infantis brasileiros:Parte 1: De O Tico-Tico aos quadrinhos Disney, a predominância dos personagens importados". Escola de Comunicações e Artes . Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
  4. 1 2 Franco de Rosa (Oct 2005). "A revista em quadrinhos no Brasil faz 100 anos". Wizard Brasil. Panini Comics (25): 68–69. ISSN   1679-5598.
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  6. Dandara Palankof e Cruz (2008-09-16). "A História dos Quadrinhos no Brasil - Parte 1". HQManiacs. Archived from the original on 2017-01-05.
  7. Gian Danton (2010-05-23). "O Tico-Tico". Bigorna.
  8. Sonia Luyten. "Moinhos, tulipas e stripverhalen, os quadrinhos da Holanda". Universo HQ . Archived from the original on 2013-03-28.
  9. Roberto Elísio dos Santos (2010-01-13). "80 anos de quadrinhos Disney". Omelete .
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  11. 1 2 Junior, Gonçalo (2004). A Guerra dos Gibis (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. ISBN   978-85-3590-582-3.