Manhwa

Last updated

The first woodcut manhwa , published in 1908 Manhwa-Yu.Gil-jun-Yahak-01.jpg
The first woodcut manhwa, published in 1908
Korean pronunciation: [manβʷa] ) is the general Korean term for comics and print cartoons. Outside Korea, the term usually refers to Korean comics. [1] Manhwa is directly influenced by Japanese Manga comics. Modern Manhwa has extended its reach to many other countries. These comics have branched outside of Korea by access to Webtoons and have created an impact that has resulted in some movie, drama and television show adaptations.

Contents

Characteristics

The author or artist of a manhwa is called a manhwaga (만화가;漫畫家). They take on the task of creating a comic that fits a certain format. Manhwa is read in the same direction as English books, horizontally and from left to right, because Korean is normally written and read horizontally. It can also be written and read vertically from right to left, top to bottom. [2] Webtoons tend to be structured differently in the way they are meant for scrolling where manga is meant to be looked at page by page. Manhwa, unlike their manga counterpart, is often in color when posted on the internet, but in black & white when in a printed format. [3]

Manhwa art differs from manga and manhua as well with its distinct features. The bodies of characters are often realistically proportioned, while the faces remain unrealistic. Manhwas also often have very detailed clothing on their characters as well as intricate backgrounds. Webtoons use vertical scrolling to their advantage to demonstrate movement or the passage of time. Manhwa webtoons are also recognized for having simplified dialogue compared to print. [4]

Etymology and influence

Linguistically, manhwa, manga (漫画) and manhua (漫画) all mean 'comics' in Korean, Japanese and Chinese respectively. Manga comes from the Japanese word 漫画, [5] (katakana: マンガ; hiragana: まんが) which is composed of two kanji 漫 (man) meaning 'whimsical or impromptu' and 画 (ga) meaning 'pictures'. [6] [7] The same term is the root of the Korean word for comics, 'manhwa', and the Chinese word 'manhua'. [8] The Korean manhwa, the Japanese manga and the Chinese phrase manhua are cognates (transl. "impromptu sketches") [9] and their histories and influences intertwine with each other.

Originally the term manhua in Chinese vocabulary was an 18th-century term used in Chinese literati painting. The term manga (漫画) was used in Japan to mean "comics" in the late 19th century, when it became popular. Since then, manhua (漫画) and manhwa (만화;漫畫) have also come to mean 'comics' in Chinese and Korean respectively.[ citation needed ]

The current usage of the terms manhwa and manhua in English is largely explained by the international success of Japanese manga. Although in a traditional sense, the terms manga/manhua/manhwa had a similar meaning of comical drawing broadly, in English the terms manhwa and manhua generally designate the manga-inspired comic strips. Manga influenced manhwa from the medium's beginnings during the Japanese occupation of Korea and continued to exert a powerful influence as the manga industry became a major force within Japanese culture and began to export comics abroad. Manhwaga were not culturally isolated, and the influx of manga into the Korean comics market had a strong effect on the art and content of many artists' manhwa. [10]

History

A collection of manhwa covers from the 1960s in Korea Manhwa Museum, Bucheon Korea Manhwa Museum in Bucheon.jpg
A collection of manhwa covers from the 1960s in Korea Manhwa Museum, Bucheon

Korea was a part of the Japanese Empire from 1910 to 1945, and during this time the elements of Japanese language and culture were incorporated into Korean society. [11] The term manhwa came into popular use in Korea during the 1920s, [12] when it was applied to cartoons. By the mid 1920s, most newspapers were shut down, [13] and political and social cartoons were abandoned, replaced by humorous illustrations and cartoons geared towards children.

Political cartoon slowly reemerged following the establishment of the Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea) in 1948. [14] During the early years of Japanese occupation, newspaper comics featured a great deal of social criticism. Popular artist Kim Yong-hwan started Korea's first comic magazine, Manhwa Haengjin, in 1948, [15] but it was quickly shut down because the authorities disapproved of the cover.

During the Korean war, Manhwa was used with the aim of boosting the morale of the public. The popularity of comics rose during the 1950s and 1960s, [12] creating diversity of styles and subject matter which led to the construction of new genres such as sunjeong (or soonjung), [15] stories containing romance that are aimed at young women (equivalent to the Japanese genre shoujo). Also around this time another more humorous genre, myeongnyang or happy comics had become popular in order to counteract gritty ones. Manhwabang (lit. comics room), comics cafés and stores that allowed readers to pay a set rate to sit and read comics were also introduced to the public, creating a positive atmosphere around the comics. [16] In response to the increasing publication of comics, as well as social and political changes within South Korea, the government began to enforce censorship laws and, by the mid-1960s, created a comics distribution monopoly that further censored manhwa. [17]

In the 1990s, the ban on Japanese media was lifted, which helped to influence the present-day art and styles of contemporary Manhwa. Around this time was when Manhwa had come up in North Korea as well. Then in the early 2000s, the majority of Manhwa was transferred to online sources due to economic collapse that South Korea had experienced at the end of the millennium. because of its transfer to online sources, its popularity overseas has risen. This led to the South Korean search portal to launch LINE Webtoon, a platform for distributing online Manhwa.

Webtoons

The term "Webtoon" (웹툰) is a portmanteau of the Korean words 웹 meaning web and 카툰 meaning cartoon. The term was first coined on 8 August 2000, by Chollian, one of South Korea's oldest and now discontinued internet service engines. [18] Webtoons are the digital form of manhwa that first came into popularity in the early 2000s due to their free access and availability on the internet. [19] It was also beneficial to creators because it helped them get around strict South Korean censorship laws. [20] Webtoons encourage amateur writers to publish their own stories for others to read. [18] Since their creation, webtoons have gained popularity around the globe and have even been adopted outside of Korea as another form of comic publication. [21] This is credited to their unique format and pay model.

In 2014 WEBTOON's global website and mobile app were launched, revolutionizing the comic world's way of reading for entertainment. Also, around this time JunKoo Kim, the person that started LINE Webtoon, had reported that Webtoon was used in 60 countries, had 55 million monthly users, and 100 billion annual views.[ citation needed ]

Manhwa outside of Korea

Manhwa has reached all over the world now. With websites such as TopToon, a webtoon company from Korea that also has a global service in TopToonPlus, people are able to access a wide variety of comics from their phones. [22] There are also places like WEBTOON that not only allow people to read original comics, but make them as well, opening up this aspect of Korean culture for everyone to take part in.

But despite that, the relative obscurity of Korean culture in the Western world has caused the word manhwa to remain somewhat unknown in the English-speaking countries.[ citation needed ] English translations of manhwa have achieved success by targeting the manga and anime community, to the extent that manhwa were marketed as manga by the American publisher Tokyopop. [23]

United States

Sanho Kim was the first manhwa artist working in the States. During the 1960s and 1970s, he worked for publishers Charlton Comics, Warren Publishing, Iron Horse Publishing, Skywald Publications, DC Comics, and Marvel Comics. [24]

According to journalist Paul Gravett, in 1987 Eastern Comics published the first original manhwas in the United States. [25]

Due to the explosion of manga's popularity in the Americas, many of the licensed titles acquired for the American market seek to emulate the popular elements of other successful series. [26] Recently, long-running webtoons serialized via Internet portal sites (e.g. by Daum Media), [27] like Lezhin Comics and personal homepages have become both the creative and popular destination among the younger generation in Korea.[ citation needed ] With manga proving to be both popular and commercially successful in Europe and the United States, a number of publishers imported and translated manhwa titles in the hope of reaching the same audience. The readability and left-to-right orientation of manhwa contributed to its growing popularity, as did the realism of the characters and the combination of Eastern and Western styles and mythologies.

Media franchise

Animations based on Korean comics are still relatively rare (though there were several major hits in the late 1980s and early 90s with titles such as Dooly the Little Dinosaur and Fly! Superboard). However, live-action drama series and movie adaptations of manhwa have occurred more frequently in recent years. Full House in 2004 and Goong ("Palace" or "Princess Hours") in 2006 are prominent examples. Below is a list of manhwa titles adapted into television series, web series, films, etc. Not to be confused to another adapted works of adapted from Webtoons.

Manhwa
TitleAuthorFormatPremiereNotesReference
Meongteong-guli Heotmulkyeogi
(멍텅구리 헛물켜기)		Lee Sang-hyeop and Ahn Jae-hong and Noh Soo-hyunFilm1926 [28]
Gobau
(고바우)		Kim SeonghwanFilm1958 [28]
Walsun Ajimae
(왈순 아지매)		Jeong Woon-kyungFilm1963 [28]
Geokkuligungwa Jangdaligun
(거꾸리군과 장다리군)		Kim SeonghwanFilm1977 [28]
Bridal Mask
(각시탈)		 Huh Young-man Film1978 [29]
Animated film1986 [30]
TV series 30 May 2012Bridal Mask SPC
Pan Entertainment
KBS N 		[31]
Space Black Knight
(우주 흑기사)		 Huh Young-man Animated film1979 [32]
Alien Baseball Team
(외인구단)		 Lee Hyun-se Film 2 August 1986 [33] [34]
The Last Station
(퇴역전선)		 Huh Young-man TV series14 September 1987Broadcast on MBC [35]
Dooly the Little Dinosaur
(아기공룡 둘리)		 Kim Soo-jung Animation7 October 1987 – 1989 Daewon Media
Broadcast on KBS		 [36]
OVA1995 Tooniverse [37]
Animated film24 July 1996Dooly Nara (Dooly Nation), Seoul Movie [38]
Animation8 January 2009Broadcast on SBS, Tooniverse [39]
The Chameleon's Poem
(카멜레온의 시)		 Huh Young-man TV series14 May 1988 [40]
Yeongsimi
(열네 살 영심이)
Young-sim (영심이)		Bae Geum-taekFilm29 July 1990 [41]
Animation5 October 1990Daewon Media
Broadcast on KBS		 [42]
TV series 15 May 2023The Great Show, MODT Studio
Broadcast on ENA		 [43]
Mr. Sohn
(미스터손)
Fly! Superboard
(날아라 슈퍼보드)		 Huh Young-man Animation15 August 1990, 1991, 1992, 1998, 2001Hanho Heung-Up Co., Ltd.
Broadcast on KBS1		 [44]
Asphalt Man
(아스팔트 사나이)		 Huh Young-man TV series 17 May 1995Broadcast on SBS [45]
48+1 Huh Young-man Film4 November 1995 [46]
Beat
(비트)		 Huh Young-man Film 3 May 1997 [47]
Mr. Q
(미스터 Q)		 Huh Young-man TV series20 May 1998Broadcast on SBS [48]
Nudlnude
(누들누드)		Yang Young-soonOVAOctober 1998, 1999Seoul Movie [49]
We Saw the Bird Lost in the Middle of the Road
(우리는 길 잃은 작은 새를 보았다)		Hwang Mi-naTV series19 April 1999Broadcast on KBS2 [50] [51]
Blade of the Phantom Master
(신암행어사)		 Youn In-wan and Yang Kyung-il Animated film4 December 2004 Oriental Light and Magic and Character Plan [52]
Full House
(풀하우스)		 Won Soo-yeon TV series 14 July 2004 Kim Jong-hak Production [51]
Hammerboy
(망치)		 Huh Young-man Animated film6 August 2004 [53]
Goong ("Palace" or "Princess Hours")
(궁)		Park So-hee TV series 11 January 2006Eight Peaks [54]
Tajja
(타짜)		Kim Se-yeong and Huh Young-man Film 28 September 2006 Sidus FNH [55]
TV series 16 September 2008Olive9 and Dong-ah Institute of Media and Arts [55]
War of Money
(쩐의 전쟁)		Park In-kwon TV series 16 May 2007 Victory Production
Broadcast on SBS		 [56]
TV series7 March 2008Broadcast on tvN [57]
TV series6 January 2015Kansai Television Co. Ltd. [58]
Sikgaek
Le Grand Chef
Gourmet
(식객)		 Huh Young-man Film 1 November 2007ShowEast Co Ltd [59]
TV series 17 June 2008Broadcast on SBS [60]
Film 28 January 2010IROOM Pictures [61]
Saranghae
(사랑해)		 Huh Young-man TV series7 April 2008Broadcast on SBS [62]
Priest
(프리스트)		 Hyung Min-woo Film 13 May 2011 Screen Gems [63]
The 7th Team
(제7구단)
Mr. Go
(미스터 고)		 Huh Young-man Film 17 July 2013 (South Korea)
18 July 2013 (China)		 Showbox/Mediaplex (South Korea)
Huayi Brothers (China)		 [64]
Would You Like a Cup of Coffee?
(허영만의 커피 한잔 할까요?)		 Huh Young-man Web series24 October 2021Broadcast on KakaoTV [65]
Acacia
(아카시아)		Kim Dong-hwa, Han Seung-wonWebtoon12 May 2023 [66] [67]

Korean manhwa publishers

Note: select publishers only

North American manhwa imprints

See also

Citations

  1. ↑ "Mangaka". www.mangaka.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
  2. ↑ McKinney, DW (24 October 2020). "Riding the Wave: The Steady Rise of Korean Manhwa". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  3. ↑ Peralta, Ederlyn (24 July 2020). "The Differences Between Manga, Manhwa and Manhua, Explained". CBR.com. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  4. ↑ "Differences between manga, manhua, and manhwa". Dear Otaku Friend. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022.
  5. ↑ Rousmaniere 2001 , p. 54, Thompson 2007 , p. xiii, Prohl & Nelson 2012 , p. 596,Fukushima 2013 , p. 19
  6. ↑ "Shiji no yukikai(Japanese National Diet Library)".
  7. ↑ Webb 2006,Thompson 2007 , p. xvi,Onoda 2009 , p. 10,Petersen 2011 , p. 120
  8. ↑ Thompson 2007 , p. xiii, Onoda 2009 , p. 10, Prohl & Nelson 2012 , p. 596, Fukushima 2013 , p. 19
  9. ↑ Petersen 2011.[ page needed ]
  10. ↑ Sugiyama, Rika. Comic Artists—Asia: Manga, Manhwa, Manhua. New York: Harper, 2004. Introduces the work of comics artists in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong through artist profiles and interviews that provide insight into their processes.
  11. ↑ Blakemore, Erin. "How Japan Took Control of Korea". HISTORY. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  12. 1 2 Qui, Shelley. "Manhwa". Professor LatinX. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  13. ↑ "Cal Poly Web Login Service - Stale Request". idp.calpoly.edu. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  14. ↑ "South Korea - History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  15. 1 2 Russell, Mark James (20 October 2012). Pop Goes Korea: Behind the Revolution in Movies, Music, and Internet Culture. Stone Bridge Press. ISBN   978-1-61172-542-1.
  16. ↑ Yadao, Jason S. (1 October 2009). The Rough Guide to Manga. Penguin. ISBN   978-1-4053-8423-0.
  17. ↑ Kim, Kyung Hyun; Choe, Youngmin (7 March 2014). The Korean Popular Culture Reader. Duke University Press. ISBN   978-0-8223-7756-6.
  18. 1 2 "What are webtoons?". Manga Planet Blog. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  19. ↑ Acuna, Kirsten. "Millions in Korea are obsessed with these revolutionary comics — now they're going global". Business Insider. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  20. ↑ McKinney, DW (24 October 2020). "Riding the Wave: The Steady Rise of Korean Manhwa". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  21. ↑ "Webtoon, Why So Popular?". 27 March 2005. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  22. ↑ "Toptoon Global to being services for English-speaking countries in full swing as the members surpass 200,000 in number". PR Newswire. 13 August 2021.
  23. ↑ "Publishers want you to know: Manhwa is not manga". CNN.
  24. ↑ Kim entry, Lambiek's Comiclopedia. Accessed 9 June 2011.
  25. ↑ Paul Gravett. Make Mine Manhwa!: Exporting Korean Comics
  26. ↑ Arnold, Andrew D. (25 January 2006). "Life and Literature Without Robots". Time. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  27. ↑ "Daum 웹툰". Daum 웹툰.
  28. 1 2 3 4 "'미생' 전에 '멍텅구리 헛물켜기' 있었다" [Before 'Misaeng', there was 'Meongteong-guli heotmulkyeogi']. Nocut News (in Korean). 14 November 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  29. ↑ "정보+재미 '허영만 브랜드'의 힘" [Information + fun The power of 'Huh Young-man brand']. The Dong-a Ilbo (in Korean). 7 November 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  30. ↑ "고전 애니메이션을 무료로 만나보자! <한국영상자료원 '애니메이션 디지털 아카이빙 사업'>: 네이버블로그" [Let's meet the classic animation for free! <Korean Film Archive 'Animation Digital Archiving Project'>: Naver Blog]. Naver Blog (in Korean). 26 April 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  31. ↑ Choi, Tae-hwan (15 August 2012). "Korea and Japan". The Korea Times . Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  32. ↑ "추억의 애니 '전자인간 337', DVD로 제작됐다" [The nostalgic anime 'Electronic Human 337' was made into a DVD]. Star News (in Korean). 2 August 2005. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  33. ↑ 이장호 [47] - <공포의 외인구단>제작착수와 <어우동>기획까지. Cine21 (in Korean). 14 March 2000. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  34. ↑ Chung, Suzy (11 January 2012). "V-I-C-T-O-R-Y! Korean sports movies". The Korea Blog. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  35. ↑ "만화를 원작으로 한 최고 드라마는?" [What is the best drama based on a manhwa?]. My Daily (in Korean). 19 November 2005. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  36. ↑ "어린이용 우수 비디오" [Excellent video for children]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 2 May 1990. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  37. ↑ "SBS 새 만화「둘리의 배낭여행」" [SBS New Comic 「Dooly's Backpacking Trip」]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 14 September 1999. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  38. ↑ "만화영화 '둘리', 99년 1월 獨 14개 극장서 상영" [Animated film 'Dooly', screened at 14 theaters in Germany in January 1999]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 14 September 1999. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  39. ↑ "투니버스 "둘리의 모든것 알려드려요"" [Tooniverse "I'll tell you everything about Dooly"]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 14 September 1999. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  40. ↑ "'허영만 vs 이현세' 영화-드라마 원작만화의 지존" ['Huh Young-man vs. Lee Hyun-se' Movie-Drama Original Comics Supreme]. OhmyNews (in Korean). 28 March 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  41. ↑ "영심이" [Young-Shim]. Cine 21 (in Korean). Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  42. ↑ "추억의 애니·만화, 드라마·영화로 재탄생" [Reborn as animation/manhwa, drama/movie of memories] (in Korean). Sports Dong-a. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  43. ↑ Ha Ji-won (15 May 2023). "20년 만에 돌아왔다…송하윤X이동해 '오 영심이!'로 옛 추억 소환 [종합]" (in Korean). Newsen. Retrieved 15 May 2023– via Naver.
  44. ↑ "<방송> KBS-2 새 만화시리즈 '...슈퍼보드'" [<Broadcasting> KBS-2's new cartoon series '...Super Board']. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 30 June 1998. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  45. ↑ "<스케치> 새 드라마 「아스팔트 사나이」 촬영 현장" [<Sketch> new drama 「Asphalt Man」 shooting site]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 29 April 1995. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  46. ↑ "<영화화제> 만화토대로 한 영화 제작 늘어" [<Movie topic> More and more movies based on cartoons]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 25 July 1995. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  47. ↑ "'배고픈' 만화, 영화화가 탈출구?" ['Hungry' Comics, Is Filming the Escape?]. The Hankyoreh (in Korean). 29 September 2005. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  48. ↑ "<방송> SBS, 만화 원작 드라마 '미스터 Q' 신설" [(Broadcasting) SBS launches a cartoon-based drama 'Mr. Q']. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 6 May 1998. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  49. ↑ "10월에 출시되는 새 비디오" [New video coming in October]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 12 September 1998. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  50. ↑ "KBS, 멜러성 미 TV 미니시리즈 방송" [KBS, melodrama American TV mini-series broadcast]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 11 June 1999. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  51. 1 2 "［INTERVIEW］Comic artist Won Soo-yeon talks about reprint of 'Full House' manhwa". The Korea Times . 18 May 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  52. ↑ Doyle, Jonathan (2005). "Phantom Master: Dark Hero From Ruined Empire". Fantasia Fest Official Website. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
  53. ↑ "'해머보이 망치' 뉴욕 간다" ['Hammer Boy' goes to New York]. Digital Times (in Korean). 10 March 2004. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  54. ↑ "'궁',' 순정만화가 원작 맞네' 10대여자에 절대 인기" ['Goong', 'The original romance manhwa' is absolutely popular among teenage girls]. My Daily (in Korean). 27 January 2006. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  55. 1 2 Han, Sang-hee (8 July 2008). "Movie-Based Dramas to Fill TV Screens". The Korea Times . Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  56. ↑ "박신양, 3년만에 드라마 '쩐의 전쟁'으로 컴백" [Park Shin-yang, comeback with the drama 'War of Money' after 3 years]. My Daily (in Korean). 16 November 2006. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  57. ↑ "케이블판 '쩐의 전쟁' 만들어진다" [A cable TV version of 'War of Money' will be made]. My Daily (in Korean). 12 February 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  58. ↑ "'쩐의전쟁' 日리메이크 내년1월 방송..초난강 주연" [The Japanese remake of 'War of Money' will be broadcast in January next year... starring Cho Nangang]. Star News (in Korean). 1 December 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2022– via Naver.
  59. ↑ Lee, Won-jin (19 December 2007). "Myth man sketches his own destiny". Korea JoongAng Daily . Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  60. ↑ Kwon Mee-yoo; Han Sang-hee (8 January 2008). "Dramas Feature Professionals, Comics". The Korea Times . Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  61. ↑ Lee, Hyo-won (28 January 2010). "Kimchi War Is Ripe with Drama". The Korea Times . Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  62. ↑ Kwon, Mee-yoo (10 February 2008). "Dramas Adapt New Way of Production". The Korea Times . Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  63. ↑ "Corrosion: Cold Winter Waiting Available for Digital Download - Dread Central". www.dreadcentral.com. 17 February 2012.
  64. ↑ Lee, Eun-sun (14 June 2013). "Two Big Things Are Coming: The Dream Film of Korea - Mr. Go". Korean Film Council. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  65. ↑ Yang, Haley (26 May 2021). "Ong Seong-wu to star in Kakao TV's 'How About a Cup of Coffee?'". The JoongAng Ilbo . Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  66. ↑ "1980년대 인기 순정만화 '아카시아' 웹툰으로 리메이크된다" [A popular romance comic in the 1980s, 'Acacia' will be remade as a webtoon]. Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). 11 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  67. ↑ "Kakao Entertainment brings timeless 1980s romance paperback comic, ACACIA, to life as a vibrant color webtoon". Kakao ENTERTAINMENT. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.

General and cited sources

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comic book</span> Publication of comics art

A comic book, comic-magazine or simply 'comic', is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialogue contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manga</span> Comics or graphic novels created in Japan

Manga are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long history in earlier Japanese art. The term manga is used in Japan to refer to both comics and cartooning. Outside of Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in Japan.

<i>Manhua</i> Chinese-language comics produced in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

Manhua are Chinese-language comics produced in Greater China. Chinese comics and narrated illustrations have existed in China throughout its history.

Digital comics are comics released digitally, as opposed to in print. Digital comics commonly take the form of mobile comics. Webcomics may also fall under the "digital comics" umbrella.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Webtoon</span> South Korean digital comics

Webtoons (Korean: 웹툰) are a type of episodic digital comic that originated in South Korea usually meant to be read on smartphones.

Hong Kong comics are comics originally produced in Hong Kong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kang Full</span> South Korean webtoon artist

Kang Do-young, better known as Kang Full, is a South Korean webtoon artist and screenwriter. Kang began his career as a cartoonist in 1997, serializing comic reviews in Yeongseo Newspaper, then in 2002, began publishing his cartoons on his personal website. He is one of the first-generation webtoon artists in South Korea.

The Legend of Maian is an ongoing Korean manhwa created by Lim Dall-young and illustrated by Soo-Cheol Jeong based on a Korean web novel. The plot revolves around the story of Felix Maian, a weak and naive young man who unknowingly releases the powerful sorceress Felicia Rand Philistine.

Yeongsimi or Young-sim is a South Korean comics serialized 1988 by South Korean cartoonist Bae Geum-taek, and it refers to an animation and other media mix works such as film and TV series based on the original. The story is about innocent but zany adolescent girl Young-sim's normal life.

Yoon Tae-ho is a South Korean manhwa artist. He is best known for writing the webtoons Moss and Misaeng.

Ha Il-kwon is a South Korean manhwaga. He graduated from Sejong University in South Korea and majored in Cartoon-Animation.

Oh Seong-dae is a South Korean webtoon artist. He is best known for his popular horror thriller anthology webtoon series Tales of the Unusual, which has gained widespread acclaim both Korean and global readers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Webtoon (platform)</span> Webtoon hosting service

Webtoon is an American-South Korean webtoon platform launched in 2004 by Naver Corporation, providing hosting for webtoons and compact digital comics. The platform, controlled by Naver and the Naver-SoftBank Group joint venture LY Corporation through a Delaware-domiciled, Los Angeles, California-headquartered holding company Webtoon Entertainment Inc., is free and can be found both on the web at Webtoons.com and on mobile devices available for both Android and iOS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cartoon Street</span> Decorated street in Seoul, South Korea

Cartoon Street, also known as Zaemiro, or the "street of fun," is a street in the central part of Seoul, South Korea, which extends 450-meters from Myeong-dong Station to the Seoul Animation Center on the hillside of Mount Namsan. The area, created by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, is an open-air cartoon gallery of graffiti-like paintings, comics' quotes and short stories; with small parks and a multipurpose cultural hall.

<i>Along with the Gods</i> South Korean webtoon

Along with the Gods is a South Korean manhwa series written and illustrated by Joo Ho-min. The webtoon has been released on the webcomic site Naver Webtoon since 2010, and the first volume in print was published on December 27, 2010. It was inspired by the Korean Joseon dynasty Buddhist paintings and early Buddhist texts of the Ten Kings of Hell. A manga adaptation was serialized in Young Gangan from 2012 to 2014 and was illustrated by Yoshiyuki Miwa; some scenes were changed due to the cultural differences between Japan and Korea. A staged musical adaptation has been hosted by the Seoul Performing Arts Company since 2015. A film adaptation, Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds, was released on December 20, 2017, with a sequel, Along with the Gods: The Last 49 Days, released on August 1, 2018. Two additional sequels are in active development as of September 2022, as well as a television series spin-off as of April 2022.

Studio N is a subsidiary of Webtoon Entertainment Inc. launched in August 2018 that produces drama films and television series based on stories from their Korean library of webtoons and web novels. The subsidiary is headed by Kwon Mi-kyung, who was a former head of the film business division of CJ ENM. Kwon describes the studio as a "IP bridge company that collaborates with existing film and drama production companies".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Web novels in South Korea</span> Type of web novels made in South Korea

Web novels in South Korea have been growing in popularity in the 21st century. Among e-publishing fields, web novels are the core contents that are leading the e-book market. Just as webtoons grew in the early 2000s in South Korea, web novels have been growing rapidly since 2010.

<i>Gosu</i> (manhwa) South Korean webtoon

Gosu, also alternatively translated as Gosu: The Master, is a South Korean manhwa released as a webtoon written by Giun Ryu and illustrated by Mun Jeong Hoo. It has been serialized in Naver Corporation's webtoon platform Naver Webtoon since September 2015 with the individual chapters collected and published into fifteen volumes as of February 2024. Gosu received official English translations by Line Webtoon beginning in 2015. Gosu is a sequel to the Yongbi Bulpae manhwa, which was serialized from 1998 to 2002.

Jeong Nyeon is a South Korean manhwa released as a webtoon written by Seo Ireh and illustrated by Namon. It was serialized via Naver Corporation's webtoon platform, Naver Webtoon, from April 2019 to May 2022, with the individual chapters collected and published into 10 volumes. A live-action adaptation series is premiering in 2024 on tvN.

No Home is a South Korean manhwa released as a webtoon written and illustrated by Wanan. It was serialized via Naver Corporation's webtoon platform, Naver Webtoon, from December 2018, with the individual chapters collected. A South Korean animated series adaptation by Studio Lico has been announced and is set to premiere on Laftel in 2024.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.