List of political parties in Brazil

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Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties. [1]

Contents

Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. [2] Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties. [3] The number of political parties reached 35 on its apex on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 Brazilian general election. [4] [5] [6] However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts. [4] [7]

Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit.'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit.'Electoral Fund') for elections. [8] And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito. [9]

Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names; however, they can retain their number.

Active political parties

Parties represented in the National Congress

PartyNo.Leader Deputies [10] Senators [11] IdeologyPosition
Liberal Party
Partido Liberal
PL22 Valdemar Costa Neto
95 / 513
13 / 81
Right-wing populism Right-wing to far-right
Workers' Party
Partido dos Trabalhadores
PT13 Gleisi Hoffmann
68 / 513
8 / 81
Social democracy Centre-left
Brazil Union
União Brasil
União44Antônio Rueda
58 / 513
7 / 81
Liberal conservatism Centre-right
Progressives
Progressistas
PP11 Ciro Nogueira
50 / 513
6 / 81
Liberal conservatism Centre-right
Brazilian Democratic Movement
Movimento Democrático Brasileiro
MDB15 Baleia Rossi
44 / 513
11 / 81
Big tent Centre to centre-right
Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrático
PSD55 Gilberto Kassab
44 / 513
15 / 81
Big tent Centre to centre-right
Republicans
Republicanos
10 Marcos Pereira
43 / 513
4 / 81
Conservatism Centre-right to right-wing
Democratic Labour Party
Partido Democrático Trabalhista
PDT12 André Figueiredo
18 / 513
3 / 81
Labourism Centre-left
We Can
Podemos
Pode20 Renata Abreu
15 / 513
7 / 81
Liberal conservatism Centre-right
Brazilian Socialist Party
Partido Socialista Brasileiro
PSB40 Carlos Siqueira
14 / 513
4 / 81
Social democracy Centre-left
Brazilian Social Democracy Party
Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
PSDB45 Marconi Perillo
13 / 513
1 / 81
Liberalism Centre
Socialism and Liberty Party
Partido Socialismo e Liberdade
PSOL50Paula Coradi
13 / 513
0 / 81
Socialism Left-wing to far-left
Communist Party of Brazil
Partido Comunista do Brasil
PCdoB65 Luciana Santos
7 / 513
0 / 81
Communism Left-wing to far-left
Forward
Avante
70Luis Tibé
7 / 513
0 / 81
Centrism Centre
Democratic Renewal Party
Partido Renovação Democrática
PRD25Ovasco Resende
5 / 513
0 / 81
Right-wing populism Right-wing to far-right
Green Party
Partido Verde
PV43 José Luiz Penna
5 / 513
0 / 81
Green politics Centre-left
Solidarity
Solidariedade
77Euripedes Júnior
5 / 513
0 / 81
Humanism Centre
Citizenship
Cidadania
23 Comte Bittencourt
4 / 513
0 / 81
Social liberalism Centre
New Party
Partido Novo
Novo30Eduardo Ribeiro
3 / 513
1 / 81
Classical liberalism Right-wing
Sustainability Network
Rede Sustentabilidade
Rede18 Heloísa Helena
1 / 513
0 / 81
Green politics Centre-left

Extra-parliamentary parties

PartyNo.Leader State
deputies
[12]
Mayors [13] Councillors [14] IdeologyPosition
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro
PRTB28Leonardo Araújo
7 / 1,024
6 / 5,568
214 / 58,208
Right-wing populism Right-wing to far-right
National Mobilization
Mobilização Nacional
Mobiliza33Antonio Massarollo
6 / 1,024
13 / 5,568
200 / 58,208
Nationalism Centre-right
Act
Agir
36Daniel Tourinho
5 / 1,024
1 / 5,568
218 / 58,208
Autistic people's interests Centre
Brazilian Woman's Party
Partido da Mulher Brasileira
PMB35Suêd Haidar
3 / 1,024
1 / 5,568
48 / 58,208
Social conservatism Right-wing
Christian Democracy
Democracia Cristã
DC27 José Maria Eymael
1 / 1,024
2 / 5,568
124 / 58,208
Christian democracy Centre-right
Brazilian Communist Party
Partido Comunista Brasileiro
PCB21 Edmilson Costa
0 / 1,024
0 / 5,568
0 / 58,208
Marxism-Leninism Far-left
Popular Unity
Unidade Popular
UP80 Leo Péricles
0 / 1,024
0 / 5,568
0 / 58,208
Revolutionary socialism Far-left
United Socialist Workers' Party
Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado
PSTU16 Zé Maria
0 / 1,024
0 / 5,568
0 / 58,208
Trotskyism Far-left
Workers' Cause Party
Partido da Causa Operária
PCO29 Rui Costa Pimenta
0 / 1,024
0 / 5,568
0 / 58,208
Trotskyism Far-left

Historical parties

Imperial Brazil

First Republic and Vargas Era

Fourth Republic

Military Dictatorship and Sixth Republic

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. Sousa, Ana Cristina Augusto de; Silva, Lays Correa da (6 August 2021). "Redemocratização no Brasil: continuidade ou ruptura?". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) (in Portuguese). 22 (47): 570–575. doi: 10.1590/2237-101X02204713 . ISSN   1518-3319. S2CID   238849517.
  2. Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
  3. "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  4. 1 2 "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  5. "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".[ permanent dead link ]
  6. "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  7. "Perspectiva é de fusão entre partidos". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  8. Fundo Partidário (estudo) Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine . Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.
  9. "L9504". www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  10. "Bancadas atuais da Câmara dos Deputados". Chamber of Deputies . Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  11. "Senadores em Exercício". Federal Senate . Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  12. "Raio-X das eleições: Leia como serão as assembleias em 2023". Poder360 (in Portuguese). 11 October 2022.
  13. "Relembre quantos prefeitos e vereadores cada partido elegeu em 2020". Poder360 (in Portuguese). 6 October 2023.
  14. "Vereadores eleitos por partido em 2020". Poder360.