East Bay Hills (Nova Scotia)

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East Bay Hills
Canada Nova Scotia location map 2.svg
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East Bay Hills in Nova Scotia
Canada relief map 2.svg
Red triangle with thick white border.svg
East Bay Hills (Nova Scotia) (Canada)
Highest point
Peak Sgurra Bhreac
Elevation 222 m (728 ft) [1]
Prominence 212 m (696 ft) [2]
Parent peak Blueberry Barren
Isolation 14.92 km (9.27 mi) [2]
Coordinates 45°55′42.88972″N60°25′46.70739″W / 45.9285804778°N 60.4296409417°W / 45.9285804778; -60.4296409417
Dimensions
Length48 km (30 mi)NE -SW
Width7.5 km (4.7 mi)NW - SE
Naming
Etymology from the East Bay of the Bras d'Or Lake they border along their northern edge
Geography
Location Cape Breton County, Nova Scotia, Canada
Range coordinates 45°49′50″N60°36′35″W / 45.83056°N 60.60972°W / 45.83056; -60.60972 Coordinates: 45°49′50″N60°36′35″W / 45.83056°N 60.60972°W / 45.83056; -60.60972
Parent range Cape Breton Highlands, Appalachian Mountains
Topo map NTS 11F16 Mira River
Geology
Age of rock Precambrian
Mountain type Fault-block mountains
Climbing
Accessroad/hike

The East Bay Hills [3] [4] refer to a 'fault ridge' of ancient rock on the south side of the East Bay of the Bras d'Or Lake, located on Cape Breton Island, Canada, and are an extension of the Appalachian mountain chain. The East Bay Hills lie in Cape Breton County.

Contents

The East Bay Hills rise to little more than 180 metres (590 ft), forming low ridges in an otherwise lowland landscape. These hill are largely uninhabited (by humans), and include the highest elevation point on Cape Breton Island south of the Bras d'Or Lake at Sgurra Bhreac with a commanding view of the Mira area and Atlantic Ocean to the south.

Geology and landscape development

The East Bay Hills are an elongated block of Precambrian rocks and is composed of two rock types: primarily volcanic deposits of the Fourchu Group (ash and lava interleaved with marine sediments), but also granites. They are elongated northeast–southwest in accordance with the same prevailing trend of faults which dominates the geological structures of the North Bras d'Or Uplands. The southeastern margins are also faulted, in this case bringing the resistant Precambrian strata against late Carboniferous sandstones and siltstones. On the northeastern side the contact is with easily eroded Carboniferous Windsor Group strata, which were deposited directly against the blocks when they stood as islands in the Carboniferous Sea.

In form and structure the relief and elevations of the East Bay Hills reflect not only their geological setting, surrounded by rocks of varying resistance, but also their position on the low side of the planation surface. Precambrian rocks of equivalent resistance have created dominant uplands further north in Cape Breton, but here, where there was little uplift during the Tertiary, there was also minimal rejuvenation of erosional action and limited exposure of this hard core of old rocks.

The steepest slopes are found on the northwest side of the East Bay Hills, where soft Windsor Group rocks form a narrow band along the shore. The valley of Breac Brook, at the north end of East Bay Hills, appears to be an ancient coastal valley which was filled by Windsor Group deposits and is now being exhumed. The fault line on the southeastern margin can be seen in some areas (e.g., northeast of Oban) but in general does not form a prominent scarp slope.

In this part of Cape Breton south of Bras d'Or Lake, glaciation more than geological structure appears to have influenced drainage patterns. South of East Bay Hills the glacial direction is strongly northeast–southwest, in this case parallel to the fault which defines their southern boundary. [5]

Fresh water

The East Bay Hills have relatively flat plateau-like crests which are poorly drained. Most streams are located on the margins and are aligned northeast, reflecting the glacial direction. The hills contains several lakes and a few scattered raised bogs. [5]

Soils

Heavily podzolized Thom soils with a thick iron humate B horizon cover most of the hills. They are associated with Arichat soils (poorly drained, mottled, sandy loams), found where the relief is gently undulating or depressional. There are also small areas of peat. [5]

Plants

These hills are somewhat lower than the North Bras d'Or Hills and shade-tolerant hardwoods, although present, are not dominant. The East Bay Hills support instead mixed stands of Red Maple, White Birch, Yellow Birch, American Beech, Balsam Fir, and White Spruce. [5]

Animals

There are few moose in this area. Deer are found on side slopes in winter yards. There are a large number of eagle nests in stream ravines. [5]

Tourism

The hills offer views north over Bras d'Or Lake, for example, where Highway 4 climbs above shore level near Irish Cove and Middle Cape. [5] Ben Eoin Provincial Park lies along the north edge of the hills. The Ben Eoin Trail (1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) return) starts at the Ben Eoin Provincial Picnic Park and leads to a well cleared look-off of solid ground and large flat stone on a ridge of the East Bay Hills with a panoramic view of the East Bay of the Bras d'Or Lake 165 metres (541 ft) below. [6]

Cultural environment

Small-scale farming is practised in some areas of the East Bay Hills. Fishing the waters of the Bras d'Or Lake and sporadic forestry have been economic activities in the past. Much of this area is now cottage country, and tourism plays a significant role in the local economy. In the early 1900s the mineral springs at Glengarry in Irish Cove were well known for their perceived healing properties, which drew local people as well as distant travellers. [5]

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Sgurra Bhreac, sometimes referred to as the Big Rock, is a Canadian peak in the East Bay Hills of Cape Breton Island, an extension of the Appalachian mountain chain in the province of Nova Scotia. Sgurra Bhreac is a prominent rock outcrop, rising 50 m (160 ft) from the northern edge of The Big Barren, between the Breac Brook and Glengarry Valleys, and is the highest point on Cape Breton Island south of the Bras d'Or Lake with its summit at 222 m (728 ft).

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Big Beach, Nova Scotia Community on Cape Breton Island, Canada

Big Beach is a community located on the north side of the Boisdale Hills on the east side of the Great Bras D'Or Lake on Provincial Route 223, which runs from Leitches Creek to Little Narrows, through Central Cape Breton Island in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the "Bras D'Or Lakes Scenic Drive" it is part of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality in Central Cape Breton Island.

An inlier is an area of older rocks surrounded by younger rocks. Inliers are typically formed by the erosion of overlying younger rocks to reveal a limited exposure of the older underlying rocks. Faulting or folding may also contribute to the observed outcrop pattern. A classic example from Great Britain is that of the inlier of folded Ordovician and Silurian rocks at Horton in Ribblesdale in North Yorkshire which are surrounded by the younger flat-lying Carboniferous Limestone. The location has long been visited by geology students and experts. Another example from South Wales is the Usk Inlier in Monmouthshire where Silurian age rocks are upfolded amidst Old Red Sandstone rocks of Devonian age.

Geology of Massachusetts

The geology of Massachusetts includes numerous units of volcanic, intrusive igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks formed within the last 1.2 billion years. The oldest formations are gneiss rocks in the Berkshires, which were metamorphosed from older rocks during the Proterozoic Grenville orogeny as the proto-North American continent Laurentia collided against proto-South America. Throughout the Paleozoic, overlapping the rapid diversification of multi-cellular life, a series of six island arcs collided with the Laurentian continental margin. Also termed continental terranes, these sections of continental rock typically formed offshore or onshore of the proto-African continent Gondwana and in many cases had experienced volcanic events and faulting before joining the Laurentian continent. These sequential collisions metamorphosed new rocks from sediments, created uplands and faults and resulted in widespread volcanic activity. Simultaneously, the collisions raised the Appalachian Mountains to the height of the current day Himalayas.

Uisge Ban Falls Provincial Park

Uisge Ban Falls Provincial Park is a provincial park near New Glen, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia on Cape Breton Island. Located on the North Branch Road 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) north of Baddeck, the civic address of the park entrance is 715 North Branch Road, Baddeck Forks, Nova Scotia, Canada B0E 1B0

Ben Eoin Provincial Park

Ben Eoin Provincial Park is a small secluded park on an old farm against hardwood-covered hills in the community of Ben Eoin, Nova Scotia, on the south side of the East Bay of the Bras d'Or Lake, Cape Breton Island, Canada. This picnic and hiking park is managed by the provincial Department of Natural Resources and is situated on a heavily wooded 225 acres (91 ha) parcel of Crown land. A short distance into the park there are several large neatly mown clearings with picnic tables under the trees at the edge of the small fields. Pit toilets and disposal areas for hot coals are available onsite.

East Bay (Nova Scotia)

East Bay is a bay of the Bras d'Or Lake on Cape Breton Island in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It lies entirely within Cape Breton County.

Bras dOr Lake Biosphere Reserve

Bras d'Or Lake Biosphere Reserve is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located at Bras d'Or Lake, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. It consists of a salt-water estuary watershed inland sea with three passages to the Atlantic Ocean. The Holocene transgression flooded a complex river-lake system of diverse geology, creating the small, deep inland sea with 12 significant watersheds draining both highlands and lowlands.

References

  1. ↑ The Nova Scotia Atlas: Province of Nova Scotia. Government of Nova Scotia. 16 June 2006. p. 24, V2. ISBN   9780887807077 . Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  2. 1 2 "Sgurra Bhreac, Nova Scotia". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  3. ↑ Geographical Names of Canada - East Bay Hills
  4. ↑ "Nova Scotia Geographical Names Database entry for "East Bay Hills, County of Cape Breton" (includes map)". Government of Nova Scotia. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Natural History of Nova Scotia - Volume 2". Government of Nova Scotia. p. 40, V2. Archived from the original on 3 February 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  6. ↑ "Ben Eoin Trail". Moosebait. Retrieved September 7, 2014.


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