 Edin's Hall Broch, aerial photograph | |
  Shown within Scottish Borders | |
| Alternative name | Edinshall Broch |
|---|---|
| Location | Duns |
| Coordinates | 55°50′08″N2°21′53″W / 55.835506°N 2.364856°W |
| Type | Broch |
| History | |
| Periods | Iron Age |
| Site notes | |
| Ownership | Historic Scotland |
| Public access | Yes |
Edin's Hall Broch (also Edinshall Broch; Woden's Hall Broch) is a 2nd-century broch near Duns in the Borders of Scotland. It is one of very few brochs found in southern Scotland. [1] It is roughly 28 metres in diameter.
In the late 18th century this site was called "Woden's Hall or Castle" (Woden being the chief god from Anglo-Saxon mythology). [2] Its later name change apparently recalls the legend of the three-headed giant The Red Ettin known in tales and ballads. [2]
Edin's Hall Broch is one of the most southerly broch survivals, which are more typically associated with Northern Scotland. [3] It is 4 miles north of the town of Duns. [3] It stands on the northeast slope of Cockburn Law just above a fairly steep slope down to the Whiteadder Water. [4]
The broch stands in the northwest corner an Iron Age hillfort which presumably pre-dates the broch. [4] The hillfort consists of a double rampart and ditches, enclosing an oval area some 135 metres by 75 metres. [4] The entrance was on the west side. [4] A large circular structure (roundhouse) in the centre of the fort, close to the broch, may have been the most important building before the broch's construction. [5]
It is assumed that the hillfort dates to the pre-Roman Iron Age. The date of the broch is uncertain but it has been speculated that it was built between the two main periods of Roman occupation in Scotland: some time in the 2nd century AD. Excavations at Torwoodlee Broch, also in the Scottish Borders, has shown that it was built and demolished during this period. [6]
Within the hillfort is an array of stone footings marking the positions of houses and other structures. [5] Some of the houses overlie the defences – indicating that they are later than hillfort and may be later than the broch as well. [4]
The broch has an external diameter of 28 metres, [4] and an internal diameter of 17 metres. [3] This is unusually large compared with a typical Highland broch and suggests that it may not have been as tall as the northern brochs. [5] The walls of the broch survive to a height of between 1.0 and 1.8 metres. [4] The entrance passage is on the east side and has two guard chambers flanking the doorway. [4] The interior of the broch has three intramural cells which are all approximately dumb-bell shaped. [4] The cell on the south side has the remains of a stone stairway at its north end which presumably rose to the wallhead. [4]
The broch lies within a rectangular enclosure measuring about 58 by 54 metres. [4]
Edin's Hall was "cleared" by antiquarians in the 19th century. [4] The relics recovered were donated to the National Museum of Scotland. These included a stone spindle whorl, a piece of a jet ring, an amber bead, bones, an oyster shell, and a fragment of a glass bracelet. [4]
Two copper ingots, one of which is now in the National Museum, were apparently found with a metal detector inside the broch in 1976. [4] The ingots were derived from local copper mines and may have been an important source of wealth for the inhabitants. [4]
An archaeological survey and sample excavation was conducted in 1996. [4] A few artefacts including coarse pottery and a stone spindle whorl were recovered. [4]
