Eriocrania salopiella

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Eriocrania salopiella
Eriocrania salopiella, Trawscoed, North Wales, April 2012 (20457110621).jpg
Eriocrania salopiella, Trawscoed, North Wales
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Eriocraniidae
Genus: Eriocrania
Species:
E. salopiella
Binomial name
Eriocrania salopiella
(Stainton, 1854)
Synonyms [1]
  • Micropteryx salopiellaStainton, 1854

Eriocrania salopiella (also known as the small birch purple) is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae and is found in Europe. It was described by the English entomologist, Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854. The larvae mine the leaves of birch (Betula species).

Contents

Description

The wingspan is about 1 centimetre. The adult moths are golden coloured with purple markings with prominent yellow triangular patch on the tornus. The head is covered with golden hairs. [2] Flies in the sunshine in April and May amongst birches. [3] [4] Meyrick describes it " Head ochreous-grey-whitish, somewhat mixed with dark fuscous. Antennae about 1/2. Forewings rather short and broad, pale shining golden, strigulated and sometimes partly suffused with purple, veins posteriorly purple ; a well-marked subtriangular dorsal spot of ground- colour before tornus, reaching half across wing ; an indistinct pale costal spot beyond this ; cilia purplish-grey, on dorsal spot ochreous-wdiitish ; 9 absent. Hindwings grey, posteriorly purplish-tinged. Larva whitish ; head pale brown ; anterior edge of 2 brownish : in blotch (elongate-ovate when young) in leaves of birch ; 5. [5]

Ovum

Eggs are laid on the leaves of birch including silver birch ( Betula pendula ) and downy birch ( Betula pubescens ) [6]

Larva

The larvae are whitish with a pale brown head and mine the leaves of birch ( Betula species) in May and June. The mine starts as a corridor, usually near the mid-rib and gradually widens to a blotch. [7] Eriocrania sparrmannella has a similar looking mine, but feeds from mid-June to August. [8]

Mine Eriocrania salopiella bialowieza forest beentree.jpg
Mine
Larva Eriocrania salopiella larva.JPG
Larva


Pupa

The larvae pupate in the soil in a tough, silken cocoon. [6]

Distribution

The moth is found in northern and central Europe. [1]

Etymology

Stainton described the moth from a specimen found near Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. He initially allocated the moth to the genus Micropteryx, which comes from the Greek for mikros, little and pterux, a wing. The moth was later moved to the genus Erioncrania. Erion refers to wool and kranion means the upper part of the head, which literally means woolly-headed, i.e. rough-haired, referring to the scales on the top of the head. The specific name, salopiella refers to Salop i.e. Shropshire, the locality of the type specimen. [9] [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eriocraniidae</span> Family of moths

Eriocraniidae is a family of moths restricted to the Holarctic region, with six extant genera. These small, metallic moths are usually day-flying, emerging fairly early in the northern temperate spring. They have a proboscis with which they drink water or sap. The larvae are leaf miners on Fagales, principally the trees birch (Betula) and oak (Quercus), but a few on Salicales and Rosales.

<i>Dyseriocrania subpurpurella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Dyseriocrania subpurpurella is a diurnal moth from the family Eriocraniidae, found in most of Europe. The moth was first named by the English entomologist, Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1828.

<i>Eriocrania semipurpurella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania semipurpurella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae, found from Europe to Japan and in North America. It was first described by James Francis Stephens in 1835. The species closely resembles Eriocrania sangii and the larvae of both species mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Agonopterix ocellana</i> Species of moth

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<i>Eriocrania sangii</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania sangii, the large birch purple, is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe and described by John Henry Wood in 1891. The moth can be found flying in sunshine around birch trees and the larvae feed on birch leaves.

<i>Eriocrania cicatricella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania cicatricella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt in 1839. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Eriocrania sparrmannella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania sparrmannella also known as the mottled purple is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae, found in Europe and Japan. It was first described by the French entomologist, Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc in 1791. The specific name honours the Swedish naturalist Anders Erikson Sparrman. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Eriocrania unimaculella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania unimaculella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the Swedish naturalist Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt in 1839. The larvae feed inside the leaves of birch, making a mine.

<i>Eriocrania chrysolepidella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania chrysolepidella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the German entomologist, Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1851. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeam.

<i>Parornix anglicella</i> Species of moth

Parornix anglicella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in Asia and Europe. It was described in 1850, by the English entomologist Henry Tibbats Stainton, from a specimen from Lewisham, Kent.

<i>Eriocrania</i> Moth genus in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania is a Palearctic genus of moth of the family Eriocraniidae. The moths are diurnal, flying in sunshine, and the larvae are leaf miners, forming blotches in leaves.

<i>Stigmella confusella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella confusella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, Alps and Bulgaria and from Ireland to central Russia.

<i>Stigmella microtheriella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella microtheriella, the Hazel leaf miner moth, is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in Asia, Europe and New Zealand. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeams. It was described by the English entomologist, Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854 from a type specimen found in England.

<i>Stigmella lapponica</i> Species of moth

Stigmella lapponica is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Asia, Europe and North America. It was first described by the German entomologist, Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke in 1862. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Stigmella plagicolella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella plagicolella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854. It is found in all of Europe and the Near East.

Stigmella sorbi is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1861. It is found in most of Europe, east to the eastern part of the Palearctic realm.

<i>Stigmella salicis</i> Species of moth

Stigmella salicis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae which is found in Europe. It was first described by the English entomologist, Henry Stainton in 1854. The type locality is from England.

<i>Enteucha acetosae</i> Species of moth

Enteucha acetosae, the pygmy sorrel moth, is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Europe. It is one of the smallest moths in the world with some having a wingspan of only 3mm. The larvae mine the leaves of docks, leaving bright red tissue around the mines.

<i>Agonopterix rotundella</i> Species of moth

Agonopterix rotundella is a moth of the family Depressariidae and is found in most of Europe. It was first described from moths found in Surrey, England by the entomologist John Douglas in 1846.

References

  1. 1 2 "Eriocrania salopiella (Stainton, 1854)". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  2. ↑ Kimber, Ian. "Eriocrania salopiella (Stainton, 1854)". UKmoths. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  3. ↑ Manley, Chris (2021). British & Irish Moths. A Photographic Guide (Third ed.). London: Bloomsbury Wildlife. pp. 20–1. ISBN   978-1-4729-7520-1.
  4. ↑ Zagulyaev, A.K., 1989 Family Eriocranidae Moths In: Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSRPages:64-74 Brill
  5. ↑ Meyrick, E., 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera MacMillan, London pdf PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . Keys and description
  6. 1 2 Heath, John (1983). Eriocraniidae. In The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 1. Colchester: Harley Books. pp. 156–165. ISBN   0-946589-15-1.
  7. ↑ Ellis, W N. "Eriocrania salopiella (Stainton, 1854) small birch purple". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  8. ↑ Kimber, Ian. "Eriocrania sparrmannella (Bosc, 1791)". UKmoths. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  9. ↑ Smith, Frank. "Microlepidoptera (Micro-Moths)" (PDF). Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Federation for Biological Recorders. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  10. ↑ Emmet, A Maitland (1991). The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. Their history and meaning. Colchester: Harley Books. p. 42. ISBN   0-946589-35-6.
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