Eriocraniidae

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Eriocraniidae
Eriocrania semipurpurella01.jpg
Eriocrania semipurpurella
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Suborder: Glossata
Infraorder: Dacnonypha
Hinton, 1946 sensu Minet, 2002 [1]
Superfamily: Eriocranioidea
Family: Eriocraniidae
Rebel, 1901
Genera

Dyseriocrania
Eriocrania
Eriocraniella
Issikiocrania
Neocrania
† Eriocranites Kernbach, 1967

Diversity
25 described species

Eriocraniidae is a family of moths restricted to the Holarctic region, with six extant genera. [2] [3] These small, metallic moths are usually day-flying, emerging fairly early in the northern temperate spring. They have a proboscis with which they drink water or sap. The larvae are leaf miners on Fagales, principally the trees birch ( Betula ) and oak ( Quercus ), but a few on Salicales and Rosales. [4]

Characteristics

Moths in this family are diurnal, flying in the spring at dawn, and in sunshine, sometimes in swarms around host trees. They sometimes come to light and also rest on twigs and branches. By tapping branches over a beating tray, they fall and remain motionless. The moths are small with a forewing length of 4–7 mm. Forewings marking are shining pale golden or purple and often mottled. The purple moths can be difficult to tell apart with certainty and may require genitalia examination. The female moth has a piercing ovipositor and the almost colourless eggs are laid in the parenchyma of a leaf or in a leaf bud. The white or grey larvae form large blotches in the leaves containing intertwining strands of frass. Pupa are decticous in a tough, silken cocoon in the soil. [5] [6]

Etymology

Eriocrania means woolly-headed, from the Greek, erion – wool and kranion – upper part of the head. [7] [8]

Related Research Articles

<i>Dyseriocrania subpurpurella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Dyseriocrania subpurpurella is a diurnal moth from the family Eriocraniidae, found in most of Europe. The moth was first named by the English entomologist, Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1828.

<i>Eriocrania semipurpurella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania semipurpurella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae, found from Europe to Japan and in North America. It was first described by James Francis Stephens in 1835. The species closely resembles Eriocrania sangii and the larvae of both species mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Micropterix aureatella</i> Moth species in family Micropterigidae

Micropterix aureatella is a moth of the family Micropterigidae found in the Palearctic realm, except for North Africa.

<i>Micropterix calthella</i> Moth species in family Micropterigidae

Micropterix calthella, the marsh marigold moth, is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae. It is found in damp habitats throughout Europe and is also distributed eastwards to central Siberia. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761 as Phalaena calthella.

<i>Micropterix aruncella</i> Moth species in family Micropterigidae

Micropterix aruncella is a species of moth belonging to the family Micropterigidae, which is distributed throughout Europe. The imago was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1763. This species is one of the best known members of the family, being found in a wide range of habitats from sea level to over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft); the only habitat not favoured by this species is dense woodland.

<i>Eriocrania sangii</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania sangii, the large birch purple, is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe and described by John Henry Wood in 1891. The moth can be found flying in sunshine around birch trees and the larvae feed on birch leaves.

<i>Eriocrania cicatricella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania cicatricella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt in 1839. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Eriocrania salopiella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania salopiella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae and is found in Europe. It was described by the English entomologist, Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Eriocrania sparrmannella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania sparrmannella also known as the mottled purple is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae, found in Europe and Japan. It was first described by the French entomologist, Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc in 1791. The specific name honours the Swedish naturalist Anders Erikson Sparrman. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Eriocrania unimaculella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania unimaculella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the Swedish naturalist Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt in 1839. The larvae feed inside the leaves of birch, making a mine.

<i>Eriocrania chrysolepidella</i> Moth species in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania chrysolepidella is a moth of the family Eriocraniidae found in Europe. It was first described by the German entomologist, Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1851. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeam.

<i>Eriocrania</i> Moth genus in family Eriocraniidae

Eriocrania is a Palearctic genus of moth of the family Eriocraniidae. The moths are diurnal, flying in sunshine, and the larvae are leaf miners, forming blotches in leaves.

<i>Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae</i> Species of moth

Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae found in all of Europe except the Balkan Peninsula. It was described by the German-born Swiss entomologist, Heinrich Frey in 1856. The larvae are known as leaf miners, living inside the leaves of their food plants.

<i>Stigmella microtheriella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella microtheriella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in Asia, Europe and New Zealand. The larvae mine the leaves of hazel and hornbeams. It was described by the English entomologist, Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1854 from a type specimen found in England.

<i>Stigmella lapponica</i> Species of moth

Stigmella lapponica is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Asia, Europe and North America. It was first described by the German entomologist, Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke in 1862. The larvae mine the leaves of birch.

<i>Stigmella aurella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella aurella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Africa, Asia and Europe. It was first described by the Danish zoologist, Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. The larvae are leaf miners.

<i>Stigmella crataegella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella crataegella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae found in Europe. It was described by the Austrian entomologist Josef Wilhelm Klimesch in 1936. The larvae mine the leaves of hawthorns.

<i>Stigmella perpygmaeella</i> Species of moth

Stigmella perpygmaeella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, found in most of Europe, east to Russia. The larvae mine the leaves of hawthorns.

<i>Spuleria</i> Genus of moths

Spuleria is a genus of moths of the family Elachistidae. It contains only one species Spuleria flavicaput, which is found in most of Europe and Anatolia. The larvae mine the twigs of hawthorns.

<i>Adela cuprella</i> Species of moth

Adela cuprella is a moth of the family Adelidae and are found in most of Europe. It was first described by Michael Denis & Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775 and the type locality is from Austria. They can be found flying around sallows (Salix) species during the day in April and May.

References

  1. ↑ Joël Minet (2002). "Un nom d'infra-ordre pour les Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera)" [Proposal of an infraordinal name for the Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera)]. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France . 107 (3): 222. doi:10.3406/bsef.2002.16845. S2CID   89221735.
  2. ↑ Donald R. Davis (1978). "A revision of the North American moths of the superfamily Eriocranioidea with the proposal of a new family, Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera)" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology . 251 (251): 1–131. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.251.
  3. ↑ Hitomi Mizukawa, Toshiya Hirowatari & Satoshi Hashimoto (2004). "Biosystematic study of Issikiocrania japonicella Moriuti (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae), with description of immature stages". Entomological Science . 7 (4): 389–397. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2004.00088.x. S2CID   85351035.
  4. ↑ Kristensen, Niels P. (31 December 1998). "5. The Homoneurous Glossata". In Kükenthal, Willy (ed.). Band 4: Arthropoda, 2 Hälfte: Insecta, Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, Teilband/Part 35, Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. De Gruyter. pp. 51–64. doi:10.1515/9783110804744.51. ISBN   978-3-11-015704-8.
  5. ↑ Heath, John (1983). Eriocraniidae. In The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 1. Colchester: Harley Books. pp. 156–165. ISBN   0-946589-15-1.
  6. ↑ Sterling, Phil; Parsons, Mark; Lewington, Richard (2012). Field Guide to the Micro moths of Great Britain and Ireland. Gillingham, Dorset: British Wildlife. p. 48. ISBN   978-0-9564902-1-6.
  7. ↑ Smith, Frank. "Microlepidoptera (Micro-Moths)". Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Federation for Biological Recorders. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  8. ↑ Emmet, A Maitland (1991). The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. Their history and meaning. Colchester: Harley Books. p. 42. ISBN   0-946589-35-6.


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