A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period of time. Some valleys are formed through erosion by glacial ice. These glaciers may remain present in valleys in high mountain or polar areas. At lower latitudes and altitudes, these glacially-formed valleys may have been created or enlarged during ice ages but now are ice-free and occupied by streams or rivers. In desert areas, valleys may be entirely dry or carry a watercourse only rarely. In areas of limestone bedrock, dry valleys may also result from drainage taking place underground rather than at the surface. Rift valleys arise principally from earth movements, rather than erosion. Many different types of valley are described by geographers, using terms that may be global in use or else applied only locally.
The city of Chicago is located in northern Illinois, United States, at the south western tip of Lake Michigan. It sits on the Saint Lawrence Seaway continental divide at the site of the Chicago Portage, an ancient trade route connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watersheds.
Douglas Flat is an unincorporated community in Calaveras County, California. It lies at an elevation of 1965 feet and is located at 38°06′52″N120°27′18″W. The community is in ZIP code 95229 and area code 209.
Inskip is a ghost town in Butte County, California. It lies at an elevation of 4,777 feet in the northern Sierra Nevada near Lassen National Forest. The main surviving building is the Inskip Hotel, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Gunstock River is a 6.4-mile-long (10.3 km) river in the Lakes Region of central New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of Lake Winnipesaukee, part of the Merrimack River watershed.
Hawk Ravine is a former settlement in Butte County, California. It lay at an elevation of 1266 feet. It still appeared on maps as of 1897.
Swedes Flat is a former settlement in Butte County, California. It lay at an elevation of 1375 feet. It still appeared on maps as of 1895.
Smithflat is an unincorporated community in El Dorado County, California, United States. It lies 4 km (2.5 mi) east of Placerville and 7.2 km (4.5 mi) west of Camino at an elevation of 2224 feet.
Sawmill Flat is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 7.5 miles (12.1 km) northeast of Balch Camp, at an elevation of 6755 feet.
Bend City is a former settlement in Inyo County, California. It was located on the Owens River near the modern-day town of Kearsarge. Founded in the 1863, Bend City was originally a mining camp. Bend City was the site of the first county bridge spanning the Owens River. The 1872 Lone Pine earthquake changed the course of the river away from the townsite, which had already declined. The site is now registered as California Historical Landmark #209.
Orleans Flat is a former settlement in Nevada County, California. Orleans Flat is located 5.25 miles (8.4 km) northeast of North Bloomfield. It is situated at an elevation of 4,153 ft (1,266 m) above sea level.
Boston Ravine is a former settlement in Nevada County, California. Boston Ravine is located 1 mile (1.6 km) south-southwest of Grass Valley. Its elevation is 2,339 ft (713 m) above sea level.
Sycamore Flat is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. It is located on Arroyo Seco 9 miles (14 km) west-southwest of Greenfield, at an elevation of 617 feet.
Gold Flat is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, California. It lies at an elevation of 2651 feet. Gold Flat is located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Grass Valley.
Hills Flat is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, California. It lies at an elevation of 2457 feet. Hills Flat is 0.5 miles (0.8 km) northeast of Grass Valley.
Mooney Flat is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, California. It lies at an elevation of 741 feet.
Scotts Flat is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, California. Scotts Flat is located 6 miles (9.7 km) south of North Bloomfield. It lies at an elevation of 3094 feet.
Shelby Flat is a former settlement in Nevada County, California. Shelby Flat is located 2 miles (3.2 km) north-northwest of Nevada City. It lay at an elevation of 2664 feet.
Secret Ravine is a former settlement in Placer County, California. Secret Ravine is located 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Newcastle. Correction: Gardiner writes in 1854 that the Secret Ravine Post Office is "near the Hawes Ranch." Elisha Hawes lived in Township 9, the 1860 census shows him continuing to receive mail at the Secret Ravine Post Office. Placer County records show that Elisha Hawes and his family sold the ranch in 1867, and that it was located on Secret Ravine near the intersection of what is now I-80 and Rocklin Road, in the area commonly called China Gardens.
Virginiatown is an unincorporated community in Placer County, California. Virginiatown is located on Auburn Ravine, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west of Auburn. It lies at an elevation of 322 feet.
United States 
California 
