| |
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Total population | |
400.000 | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Through Uruguay | |
Languages | |
Rioplatense Spanish ·Minorities speak French and Basque. | |
Religion | |
Roman Catholicism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
French people · French Argentines |
Part of a series of articles on the |
French people |
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French Uruguayans (French : Franco-Uruguayen; Spanish : Franco-Uruguayos) are Uruguayan citizens of full or partial French ancestry. French Uruguayans form the third largest ancestry group after Spanish Uruguayans and Italian Uruguayans. Until 1853, France constituted the main source of immigrants to Uruguay. The country received the largest number of French immigrants to South America after Argentina (239,000) and Brazil (100,000), with almost 25,000 persons registered between 1833 and 1843.
During the first half of the 19th century, Uruguay received most of French immigrants to South America. It constituted back then, the second receptor of French immigrants in the New World after the United States. Thus, while the United States received 195,971 French immigrants between 1820 and 1855, 13,922 Frenchmen, most of them from the Basque Country and Béarn, left for Uruguay between 1833 and 1842. [1] Then, after the fall of Rosas in 1852, Argentina overtook Uruguay and became the main pole of attraction for French immigrants in Latin America.
Most of French immigrants who settled in Uruguay immigrated between 1838 and 1852, with a peak of 10,300 immigrants in 1843. Frenchmen made up 41.5% of immigrants to Uruguay between 1835 and 1842, representing the main source of immigration to the country. Until 1853, French Basques constituted the most numerous group among all immigrants in Uruguay, [2] then they were surpassed in numbers by Spaniards and Italians. Another great wave of French immigration to Uruguay occurred during the Paraguayan War until the 1870s. 2,718 French immigrants settled in the country between 1866 and 1867, 10.1% of the immigration at the time. [3]
The majority of immigrants were coming from the Basque Country, Béarn and Bigorre.
The newspaper Le Patriote Français estimated the French colony in Montevideo in 1841 was around 18,000 persons. [4] Another source claims the French colony in Uruguay reached 14,000 in 1842, 10,000 of them living in Montevideo and 4,000 in the countryside. [5] 15,000 Frenchmen [6] were registered in the country in 1843, most of them living in Montevideo where they made up a third of the population. The figure decreased to 8,891 in 1860 (making up 11.5% of foreigners) as many of them relocated to Buenos Aires but was as high as 17,900 in 1872. In 1866, French immigrants represented 16.5% of immigrants in the country (Spaniards 33.5% and Italians 33%). [7] According to the census of 1884, there were 7,383 Frenchmen living in Montevideo, out of 164,028 inhabitants (i.e. 4.5% of the city population). [8] In 1908, as previously established French immigrants had merged within the population and the country had received a large wave of immigration from Spain and Italy, Frenchmen only made up 1% of the population (8,341 persons) and 4.6% of foreigners. It was estimated that 9,500 Frenchmen were living in Uruguay in 1912, 6% of the 149,400 Frenchmen living in Latin America. [9]
During the siege of Montevideo, out of 5,800 men defending the city, 2,500 were French. Three French poets were born in Uruguay: Isidore Ducasse, Comte de Lautréamont, Jules Laforgue and Jules Supervielle.
The most recent figure corresponds to the 2011 Uruguayan census, which revealed 850 people who declared France as their country of birth. [10]
Yearly French immigration to Uruguay from 1835 to 1842 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Year | French immigrants | Total immigrants | % French immigrants | |
1835 | 43 | 613 | 7% | |
1836 | 998 | 3,146 | 31.7% | |
1837 | 442 | 2,583 | 17.1% | |
1838 | 2,071 | 5,424 | 38.2% | |
1839 | 342 | 1,163 | 29.4% | |
1840 | 835 | 2,475 | 33.7% | |
1841 | 3,816 | 7,860 | 48.5% | |
1842 | 5,218 | 9,874 | 52.8% | |
Total | 13,765 | 33,138 | 41.5% |
*Oriero grandmother's maiden name is Bourié
Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 in an area of 201 square kilometers (78 sq mi). Montevideo is situated on the southern coast of the country, on the northeastern bank of the Río de la Plata.
The French people are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France.
The Basque diaspora is the name given to describe people of Basque origin living outside their traditional homeland on the borders between Spain and France. Many Basques have left the Basque Country for other parts of the globe for economic and political reasons, with a substantial population in Chile and Colombia.
Juan Pedro Bordaberry Herrán is a Uruguayan attorney, lecturer, and politician, who served as a Senator of the Republic from 2010 to 2020, as Minister of Tourism and Sports from 2003 to 2005, and as Minister of Industry, Energy and Mining from 2002 to 2003. A member of the Colorado Party, he was the party's candidate for president in the 2009 and 2014 presidential elections.
Jules Supervielle was a Franco-Uruguayan poet and writer born in Montevideo. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.
Immigration to Chile has contributed to the demographics and the history of this South American nation. Chile is a country whose inhabitants are mainly of Iberian, mostly of Andalusian and Basque origin, and Native American, mostly descended from Mapuche peoples. A moderate numbers of European immigrants settled in Chile during the 19th and 20th centuries, mainly Spanish, as well as Germans, British, French, Southern Slavs, and Italians who have made additional contributions to the racial complex of Chile. However, this immigration was never in a large scale, contrasting with mass migrations that characterized Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil, and therefore, anthropologically, its impact with lesser consequence. At the same time, some separate cultural aspects, such as German cakes, British afternoon tea, and Italian pasta, were preserved. The fusion is also visible in the architecture of Chilean cities. This intermarriage and mixture of cultures and races have shaped the present society and culture of Chile.
Italian Uruguayans are Uruguayan-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Uruguay during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Uruguay. Outside of Italy, Uruguay has one of the highest percentages of Italians in the world. It is estimated that about 44% of the total population of Uruguay are of Italian descent, corresponding to about 1,500,000 people, while there were around 90,000 Italian citizens in Uruguay.
French Chileans are Chilean citizens of full or partial French ancestry. Between 1840 and 1940, 20,000 to 25,000 French people immigrated to Chile. The country received the fourth largest number of French immigrants to South America after Argentina (239,000), Brazil (150,341) and Uruguay.
French Argentines refers to Argentine citizens of full or partial French ancestry or persons born in France who reside in Argentina. French Argentines form one of the largest ancestry groups after Italian Argentines and Spanish Argentines. Between 1857 and 1946, 261,020 French people immigrated to Argentina. Besides immigration from continental France, Argentina also received, as early as the 1840s, immigrants with French background from neighboring countries, notably Uruguay, which expanded the French Argentine community. It is estimated that around 8 million Argentines had some degree of French ancestry, up to 17% of the total population.
The French diaspora consists of French people and their descendants living outside France. Countries with significant numbers of people with French ancestry include Canada and the United States, whose territories were partly colonized by France between the 17th and 19th centuries, as well as Argentina and Uruguay. Although less important than in other European countries, immigration from France to the New World was numerous from the start of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century. As of 2013, French authorities estimate that between 2 and 3.5 million French nationals are living abroad but the diaspora includes over 30 million people.
White Colombians are Colombians who have predominantly or total European or West Asian ancestry. According to the 2018 census, 87.58% of Colombians do not identify with any ethnic group, thus being either white or mestizo, which are not categorized separately unlike blacks and natives.
Lycée Français Jules Supervielle is a French private school. It is located at Benigno Paiva 1160, in Buceo, Montevideo.
Basque Uruguayans are citizens of Uruguay who are of Basque ancestry.
The history of the Jews in Uruguay dates back to the colonial empire. The most important influx of Jewish population occurred during the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, mainly during World War II.
Spanish settlement in Uruguay, that is the arrival of Spanish emigrants in the country known today as Uruguay, took place firstly in the period before independence from Spain and again in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This includes that a large proportion of Uruguayans are of Spanish ancestral origin.
Immigration to Uruguay began in several millennia BCE with the arrival of different populations from Asia to the Americas through Beringia, according to the most accepted theories, and were slowly populating the Americas. The most recent waves of immigrants started with the arrival of Spaniards in the 16th century, during the colonial period, to what was then known as the Banda Oriental.
Emigration from Uruguay is a migratory phenomenon that has been taking place in Uruguay since the early 20th century.
Monarchism in Uruguay is a loosely organized historical political movement advocating for the restoration, preservation or creation of a monarchical regime in Uruguay.
L'Uruguay capta seulement 13.922 [immigrants français] entre 1833 et 1842, la plupart d'entre eux originaires du Pays Basque et du Béarn.
(p. 252) Between 1843 and 1853, the Basques from Iparralde constituted the most numerous group among all immigrants in Uruguay.[ permanent dead link ]
(p. 23) Inmigración europea y pasajeros entrados en 1866 y 1867. Francia, en 1866: 1.053; en 1867: 1.665.
The newspaper Le Patriote Français placed the French population of the Uruguay capital at 18,000 in 1841 (page 232).[ permanent dead link ]
(page 441) 10,000 âmes dans Montevideo (...) enfin, 4 000 âmes répandues dans la campagne de Montevideo.
In 1866, the French Uruguayan diaspora constituted only 16.48 percent of immigrants in the country. The Spanish was 33.54 percent and the Italian 33.13 percent. (page 238).[ permanent dead link ]
(p. 106) Para el censo de 1884, en la ciudad de Montevideo vivían 164 028 habitantes, de los cuales 7 383 eran franceses.
Uruguay : 9 500 (6%).