Spanish Uruguayans

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Spanish Uruguayans
Hispano-uruguayo
Regions with significant populations
Throughout Uruguay
Languages
Rioplatense Spanish  · Galician  · Catalan  · Basque
Religion
Roman Catholicism  · Others
Related ethnic groups
Spanish Argentines

Spanish settlement in Uruguay, that is the arrival of Spanish emigrants in the country known today as Uruguay, took place firstly in the period before independence from Spain and again in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting in a large proportion of Uruguayans are of Spanish ancestral origin.

Contents

History

Settlement

Between the 15th and early 19th centuries, the Spanish Empire was the sole colonial power in the Banda Oriental. Thus, before 1811, a great part of the European settlers in Uruguay were from Spain and they carried the Spanish colonial administration, including religious affairs, government and commercial business. A substantial Spanish-descended Criollo population gradually built up in the new cities, while some mixed with the indigenous populations ( mestizos ), with the Black slave population ( mulattoes ) or with other European immigrants.

Spanish settlement along with the Italians, formed the backbone of today's Uruguayan society. Like its neighbour country Argentina, the culture of Uruguay exhibits significant connections to Spanish culture; in terms of language, customs and traditions.

Many Uruguayans who have a Spanish lineage include those of post-independence Spanish immigrant descent, as long as they have retained a Spanish cultural identity. Large proportions are of Galician descent. During the Spanish Civil War, thousands of Spaniards fled from Spain to Uruguay. The Spanish republicans fled Franco's regime as well, seeking to escape retribution from the new government.

Origin of settlers

The Spanish immigrants who arrived between 18th and 20th century have different origins, but a significant number of them came from Galicia, [1] [2] the Basque Country, [3] and Asturias; [4] with smaller but notable numbers from Valencia [5] and the Canary Islands.

Present

The 2011 Uruguayan census revealed 12,776 people who declared Spain as their country of birth. [6] Thousands of Uruguayan nationals are holders of Spanish passports. [7]

See also

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montevideo</span> Capital and largest city of Uruguay

Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 in an area of 201 square kilometers (78 sq mi). Montevideo is situated on the southern coast of the country, on the northeastern bank of the Río de la Plata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata</span> Colonial state within the Spanish Empire in South America (1776–1825)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montevideo Department</span> Department of Uruguay

Montevideo is a department (departamento) of Uruguay. It is by far the smallest department in area, but also by far the most populated. Its capital is the city of Montevideo, which is also the national capital. While most of the department is covered by the capital city, there are still smaller towns within its limits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Criollo people</span> Latin Americans of Spanish descent

In Hispanic America, criollo is a term used originally to describe people of full Spanish descent born in the viceroyalties. In different Latin American countries, the word has come to have different meanings, mostly referring to the local-born majority. Historically, they have been misportrayed as a social class in the hierarchy of the overseas colonies established by Spain beginning in the 16th century, especially in Hispanic America. They were locally-born people–almost always of Spanish ancestry, but also sometimes of other European ethnic backgrounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Argentines</span> Ethnic group

Spanish Argentines are Argentine-born citizens who are predominantly or totally of Spanish descent. The arrival of Spanish emigrants in Argentina took place first in the period before Argentina's independence from Spain, and again in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, the Spanish Empire was the sole colonial power in the territories that became Argentina after the 1816 Argentine declaration of independence. Thus, before 1850, the vast majority of European settlers in Argentina were from Spain and they carried the Spanish colonial administration, including religious affairs, government, and commercial business. A substantial Spanish descended Criollo population gradually built up in the new cities, while some mixed with the amerindians (Mestizos), with the slave population sub-saharan descended (Mulattoes) or with other European immigrants. Currently, a large part of Argentines can be considered Criollos or Castizos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spaniards in Mexico</span> Ethnic group

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Uruguayans</span> Uruguayan citizens of Italian descent

Italian Uruguayans are Uruguayan-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Uruguay during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Uruguay. Outside of Italy, Uruguay has one of the highest percentages of Italians in the world. It is estimated that about 44% of the total population of Uruguay are of Italian descent, corresponding to about 1,500,000 people, while there were around 90,000 Italian citizens in Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venezuelans</span> Citizens or residents of Venezuela

Venezuelans are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of their Venezuelan citizenship or their bond to Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venezuelans of European descent</span> Ethnic group

European Venezuelans or White Venezuelans are Venezuelan citizens who self-identify in the national census as white, tracing their heritage to European ethnic groups. According to the official census report, although "white" literally involves external issues such as light skin, shape and color of hair and eyes, among others, the term "white" has been used in different ways in different historical periods and places, and so its precise definition is somewhat confusing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spain–Uruguay relations</span> Bilateral relations

Spain–Uruguay relations are the current and historical relations between Spain and Uruguay. There is community of 67,000 Spanish nationals residing in Uruguay and 33,000 Uruguayan nationals residing in Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">French diaspora</span> French people and their descendants living outside France

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lebanese Uruguayans</span> Ethnic group

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish immigration to Cuba</span> Ethnic group

Spanish immigration to Cuba began in 1492, when the Spanish first landed on the island, and continues to the present day. The first sighting of a Spanish boat approaching the island was on 27 October 1492, probably at Bariay on the eastern point of the island. Columbus, on his first voyage to the Americas, sailed south from what is now The Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus came to the island believing it to be a peninsula of the Asian mainland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uruguayans</span> Citizens or residents of Uruguay

Uruguayans are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. As a result, many Uruguayans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and their allegiance to Uruguay. Colloquially, primarily among other Spanish-speaking Latin American nations, Uruguayans are also referred to as "orientals [as in Easterners]".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Hospital of Montevideo</span> Hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay

The Italian Hospital of Montevideo, whose official name is Ospedale italiano Umberto I, is a clinic and sanatorium founded in 1890 near Parque Batlle, Montevideo. It lies just to the north of the 1830 obelisk and the Hospital Pereira Rossell. The building, of the late neoclassical style, is the work of architect Luis Andreoni.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish diaspora</span> Emigrants from Spain and their descendants

The Spanish diaspora consists of Spanish people and their descendants who emigrated from Spain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration to Uruguay</span>

Immigration to Uruguay began in several millennia BCE with the arrival of different populations from Asia to the Americas through Beringia, according to the most accepted theories, and were slowly populating the Americas. The most recent waves of immigrants started with the arrival of Spaniards in the 16th century, during the colonial period, to what was then known as the Banda Oriental.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Costa Rican</span> Ethnic group

Spanish Costa Rican are people from Costa Rica with Spanish ancestry from both the conquerors of the colonial period and as immigrants who arrived after independence and the Central American Federation of disunion. Historically this part of the population was called Criollo and were privileged but did not have equal rights with the Spaniards, some of them were mixed with Mestizos. Approximately 16,482 Spanish citizens living in Costa Rica for 2009.

References

  1. Cagiao Vila, Pilar. "La inmigración gallega en Uruguay (1870-1936)". Anuario Americanista Europeo (in Spanish) (3): 93–112.
  2. Guedes Marrero, Leonardo; Luna Sellés, Carmen; Torres Torres, Alejandra (2023). Los editores de origen gallego en el Uruguay de la modernización (in Spanish). Editorial Verbum. ISBN   9788413379135.
  3. Azcona Pastor, José Manuel; Muru Ronda, Fernando; García-Albi Gil de Biedma, Inés (1996). Historia de la emigración vasca al Uruguay en el siglo XX (in Spanish). República Oriental del Uruguay, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Archivo General de la Nación. ISBN   9789974360303.
  4. Pérez de Castro, José Luis (1960). Huella y presenia de Asturias en el Uruguay (in Spanish). Centro Asturiano de Montevideo.
  5. Agulló Albuixec, Recaredo; Agulló Calatayud, Víctor (December 2023). "Anàlisi de l'exili valencià a l'Uruguai a través de la revista 'Terra Valenciana' (1953-1958)" (in Catalan). Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  6. "Immigration to Uruguay" (PDF). INE. Retrieved 6 March 2013.(in Spanish)
  7. Censo electoral de españoles residentes en el extranjero 2009 Archived 27 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)