Spaniards in the United Kingdom

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Spaniards in the United Kingdom
Españoles en el Reino Unido
Counties of the UK Spanish.svg
Distribution of Spanish citizens by local authority in England, Wales, & Northern Ireland
Total population
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Spanish-born residents in the United Kingdom: 156,295 – 0.3%
(2021/22 Census) [note 1]
Flag of England.svg  England: 139,513– 0.3% (2021) [1]
Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland: 12,208 – 0.2% (2022) [2]
Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg  Wales: 3,068 – 0.1% (2021) [1]
Northern Ireland: 1,606 – 0.08% (2021) [3]
Spanish citizens/passports held:
216,728 (England and Wales only, 2021) [4]
Citizens registered with Spanish consulate
102,498 (2016)
Regions with significant populations
West London (Kensington, Chelsea, Lambeth, Holborn), Manchester, Bristol, Nottingham, Cambridge
Languages
British English, Peninsular Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque
Religion
Predominantly Roman Catholic
Related ethnic groups
  1. ↑ Including the Canary Islands. Does not include Spaniards born in the United Kingdom or those with Spanish ancestry

Spaniards in the United Kingdom are people of Spanish descent resident in Britain. They may be British citizens or non-citizen immigrants. In the 2021 census for England and Wales, 81,150 people self-identified as ethnic Spanish. [5]

Contents

History

Migration of royalty

Spanish and English royalty intermarried on numerous occasions, a notable example is found in King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, parents of King Edward II. In 1501, Catherine of Aragon came to London aged 15. After the early death of her first husband, she became Henry VIII's first wife. Their daughter, Mary Tudor attempted to re-introduce Catholicism as the state religion during her own reign and married Philip II of Spain. Both women at that time brought the influence of Spanish culture to the royal court. [6]

Spanish Civil War

After the bombing of Guernica, 4,091 refugees, the vast majority of them children under 15, arrived in Southampton on the SS Habana. [7] They were cared for in 'colonies' mostly in and around the Home counties. [7] The children began to be repatriated in November 1937. [7]

Demographics

The 2001 UK Census recorded 54,482 Spanish-born people. [8] 54,105 of these were resident in Great Britain (that is, the UK excluding Northern Ireland). [9] The equivalent figure in the 1991 Census was 38,606. [9] The census tracts with the highest numbers of Spanish-born residents in 2001 were Kensington, Regent's Park and Chelsea, all in west London. [9] The 2011 UK Census recorded 77,554 Spanish-born residents in England, 1,630 in Wales, [10] 4,908 in Scotland [11] and 703 in Northern Ireland. [12] According to Instituto Nacional de Estadística statistics, the number of Spanish citizens registered with the Spanish consulate in the UK was 102,498 as of 1 January 2016. [13] The Office for National Statistics estimates that the Spanish-born population of the UK was 164,000 in 2020. [14] At the time of the 2021 census in England and Wales, there were 163,848 Spanish-born residents in England, and 3,068 in Wales. [15] Additionally, there were 216,728 Spanish passport holders in England & Wales, and increase of over 130,000 since the time of the 2011 census. [16] The areas with the highest concentrations of Spanish citizens were South and West London, including the boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, and Southwark. The North West also has a significant Spanish population in Lancashire and Manchester. [17]

Economics

According to analysis by the Institute for Public Policy Research, 71.22 per cent of recent Spanish immigrants to the UK of working age are employed as opposed to unemployed or inactive (which includes students), compared to 73.49 per cent of British-born people. 15.05 per cent of recent Spanish-born immigrants are low earners, defined as having an income of less than £149.20 per week (compared to 21.08 per cent of British-born people), and 2.15 per cent are high earners, earning more than £750 per week (compared to 6.98 per cent of British-born people). Amongst settled Spanish-born immigrants, 71.48 per cent are employed, with 23.44 per cent being low earners and 7.81 per cent high earners. [18]

Education

There is a Spanish school in London, Instituto Español Vicente Cañada Blanch.

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 "TS012: Country of birth (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  2. ↑ "Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals". National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 24 May 2024. '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'
  3. ↑ "MS-A17: Country of birth - intermediate detail". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 22 September 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  4. ↑ "TS005: Passports held". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  5. ↑ "Ethnic group (detailed) - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  6. ↑ "Spanish London". Museum of London. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
  7. 1 2 3 Jump, Meirian. "The Basque Refugee Children in Oxfordshire during the Spanish Civil War: Politically Charged Project or Humanitarian Endeavour?." Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society (2007).
  8. ↑ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development . Retrieved 2009-07-30.
  9. 1 2 3 "Born abroad: Spain". BBC News. 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
  10. ↑ "2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  11. ↑ "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland . Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  12. ↑ "Country of Birth – Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency . Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  13. ↑ Fonseca, Diego (17 March 2016). "Number of Spaniards residing abroad up 56.6% from 2009". El País. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  14. ↑ "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom by country of birth and sex, January 2020 to December 2020". Office for National Statistics. 17 September 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals .
  15. ↑ "NOMIS".
  16. ↑ "Office of National Statistics".
  17. ↑ "NOMIS".
  18. ↑ "How different immigrant groups perform". BBC News. 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
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