Spaniards in the United Kingdom

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Spaniards in the United Kingdom
Españoles en el Reino Unido
Counties of the UK Spanish.svg
Distribution of Spanish citizens by local authority in England, Wales, & Northern Ireland
Total population
Spanish-born population
84,795 (2011 Census)
164,000 (2020 ONS estimate)
166,916(England & Wales only, 2021) [1]
Citizens registered with Spanish consulate
102,498 (2016)
Regions with significant populations
West London (Kensington, Chelsea, Lambeth, Holborn), Manchester, Bristol, Nottingham, Cambridge
Languages
British English, Peninsular Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque
Religion
Predominantly Roman Catholic
Related ethnic groups

Spaniards in the United Kingdom are people of Spanish descent resident in Britain. They may be British citizens or non-citizen immigrants.

Contents

History

Migration of royalty

Spanish and English royalty intermarried on numerous occasions, a notable example is found in King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, parents of King Edward II. In 1501, Catherine of Aragon came to London aged 15. After the early death of her first husband, she became Henry VIII's first wife. Their daughter, Mary Tudor attempted to re-introduce Catholicism as the state religion during her own reign and married Philip II of Spain. Both women at that time brought the influence of Spanish culture to the royal court. [2]

Spanish Civil War

After the bombing of Guernica, 4,091 refugees, the vast majority of them children under 15, arrived in Southampton on the SS Habana. [3] They were cared for in 'colonies' mostly in and around the Home counties. [3] The children began to be repatriated in November 1937. [3]

Demographics

The 2001 UK Census recorded 54,482 Spanish-born people. [4] 54,105 of these were resident in Great Britain (that is, the UK excluding Northern Ireland). [5] The equivalent figure in the 1991 Census was 38,606. [5] The census tracts with the highest numbers of Spanish-born residents in 2001 were Kensington, Regent's Park and Chelsea, all in west London. [5] The 2011 UK Census recorded 77,554 Spanish-born residents in England, 1,630 in Wales, [6] 4,908 in Scotland [7] and 703 in Northern Ireland. [8] According to Instituto Nacional de Estadística statistics, the number of Spanish citizens registered with the Spanish consulate in the UK was 102,498 as of 1 January 2016. [9] The Office for National Statistics estimates that the Spanish-born population of the UK was 164,000 in 2020. [10] At the time of the 2021 census in England and Wales, there were 163,848 Spanish-born residents in England, and 3,068 in Wales. [11] Additionally, there were 216,728 Spanish passport holders in England & Wales, and increase of over 130,000 since the time of the 2011 census. [12] The areas with the highest concentrations of Spanish citizens were South and West London, including the boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, and Southwark. The North West also has a significant Spanish population in Lancashire and Manchester. [13]

Economics

According to analysis by the Institute for Public Policy Research, 71.22 per cent of recent Spanish immigrants to the UK of working age are employed as opposed to unemployed or inactive (which includes students), compared to 73.49 per cent of British-born people. 15.05 per cent of recent Spanish-born immigrants are low earners, defined as having an income of less than £149.20 per week (compared to 21.08 per cent of British-born people), and 2.15 per cent are high earners, earning more than £750 per week (compared to 6.98 per cent of British-born people). Amongst settled Spanish-born immigrants, 71.48 per cent are employed, with 23.44 per cent being low earners and 7.81 per cent high earners. [14]

Education

There is a Spanish school in London, Instituto Español Vicente Cañada Blanch.

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Wales</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of England</span> Social makeups of England

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of London</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">White British</span> Ethnic classification used in the 2011 United Kingdom Census

White British is an ethnicity classification used for the native white population identifying as English, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Northern Irish, or British in the United Kingdom Census. In the 2011 census, the White British population was 49,997,686, 81.5% of Great Britain's total population. For the United Kingdom entirely, due to different reporting measures within Northern Ireland which includes all those who identified as British with those who identified as Irish, an amalgamated total of 52,320,080 including those who identified as White Irish in Great Britain is given making up 82.8% of the population.

Ghanaians in the United Kingdom encompass both Ghana-born immigrants and their descendants living in the United Kingdom. Immigration to the UK accelerated following the independence of Ghana from the British Empire in 1957, with most British Ghanaians having migrated to the UK between the 1960s to the 1980s owing to poor economic conditions at home.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">French migration to the United Kingdom</span>

French migration to the United Kingdom is a phenomenon that has occurred at various points in history. The Norman Conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066 resulted in the arrival of Normans, while in the 16th and 17th centuries Protestant Huguenots fled religious persecution to East London. Other waves are associated with monasticism, particularly post-conquest Benedictines and Cistercians, aristocracy fleeing the French Revolution, expulsion of religious orders by Third Republic France, and current expats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Filipinos in the United Kingdom</span>

Filipinos in the United Kingdom are British citizens or immigrants who are of Filipino ancestry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portuguese in the United Kingdom</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romanians in the United Kingdom</span> Group of foreigners in the country

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Thais in the United Kingdom are British citizens who trace their Thai ancestry from migrants who have migrated from Thailand or Thais residing in the United Kingdom for work or educational purposes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Zealanders in the United Kingdom</span> Citizens or residents of the UK who originate from New Zealand

New Zealanders in the United Kingdom are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom who originate from New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nepalese in the United Kingdom</span> Nepali diaspora in United Kingdom, Ethnic group

According to ONS estimates in 2019 there were 76,000 Nepalese-born people in the United Kingdom.

Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom may be Gibraltarian-born immigrants to the United Kingdom or their British-born descendants. Gibraltar is a British overseas territory therefore it allows individuals born there the right of abode in the United Kingdom. They hold British Overseas Territory Citizenship but may apply for registration as a British citizen under section 5 of the British Nationality Act 1981 and are considered United Kingdom nationals for European Union purposes with all consequential rights and entitlements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithuanians in the United Kingdom</span>

Lithuanians in the United Kingdom include individuals born in Lithuania who have migrated to the UK, among them Lithuanian citizens of Russian descent and Polish Lithuanian citizens, as well as their British-born descendants. The 2011 UK Census recorded 95,730 Lithuanian-born residents in England, 1,353 in Wales, 4,287 in Scotland, and 7,341 in Northern Ireland. The previous, 2001 UK Census, had recorded 4,363 Lithuanian-born residents. The Office for National Statistics estimates that 144,000 Lithuanian-born immigrants were resident in the UK in 2013.

References

  1. ↑ "NOMIS".
  2. ↑ "Spanish London". Museum of London. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
  3. 1 2 3 Jump, Meirian. "The Basque Refugee Children in Oxfordshire during the Spanish Civil War: Politically Charged Project or Humanitarian Endeavour?." Oxoniensia. Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society (2007).
  4. ↑ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development . Retrieved 2009-07-30.
  5. 1 2 3 "Born abroad: Spain". BBC News. 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
  6. ↑ "2011 Census: Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  7. ↑ "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland . Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  8. ↑ "Country of Birth – Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency . Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  9. ↑ Fonseca, Diego (17 March 2016). "Number of Spaniards residing abroad up 56.6% from 2009". El País. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  10. ↑ "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom by country of birth and sex, January 2020 to December 2020". Office for National Statistics. 17 September 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2021. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals .
  11. ↑ "NOMIS".
  12. ↑ "Office of National Statistics".
  13. ↑ "NOMIS".
  14. ↑ "How different immigrant groups perform". BBC News. 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
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