Immigration to Uruguay

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Uruguayan people, a melting pot. Puerta Ciudadela.jpg
Uruguayan people, a melting pot.

Immigration to Uruguay began in several millennia BCE with the arrival of different populations from Asia to the Americas through Beringia, according to the most accepted theories, and were slowly populating the Americas. The most recent waves of immigrants started with the arrival of Spaniards in the 16th century, during the colonial period, to what was then known as the Banda Oriental .

Contents

Throughout its history, Uruguay has experienced massive waves of immigration from all around the world, specifically from the European continent, and today 90–95% of the Uruguayan population has European ancestry. The largest of these waves of immigration occurred between the last third of the 19th century and World War II, when the whole European continent was in turmoil. The largest groups of immigrants in Uruguay are the Spanish and Italians, both establishing the backbone of modern-day Uruguayan culture and society.

Overview

Since the second half of the 19th century, when the country began to receive large numbers of immigrants, they were housed on the Isla de Flores, which served as a lazaretto for them to complete quarantines. Lazareto - Isla de Flores.tif
Since the second half of the 19th century, when the country began to receive large numbers of immigrants, they were housed on the Isla de Flores, which served as a lazaretto for them to complete quarantines.

Uruguay is a multi-ethnic nation formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries. Amerindians inhabited Uruguayan territory for several millennia before the Spanish Conquest in the 16th century. Spaniards and Africans arrived in significant numbers under colonial rule, including many from a European background, some with an African background, and some Amerindians. [1] (Nevertheless it is worth noting that, in April 1831, government troops massacred most of the local Amerindian population under the command of General Fructuoso Rivera; this is remembered as the Massacre of Salsipuedes).

Throughout the 19th century and the first half of the 20th, Uruguay boasted the highest proportion of immigrant population in South America, with a majority hailing from Southern Europe. This influx significantly impacted the country's demographics, with foreign-born residents accounting for a remarkable 30% of the population in 1850 and 17% around 1910. [2]

Beginning in the second half of the 19th century, there has been gradual European immigration from several countries, which had its peak between 1870 and 1920; back then, the Villa del Cerro neighbourhood in Montevideo was characteristically populated by immigrants. [3]

Main immigration groups

Spaniards, Italians, and descendants of African slaves together formed the backbone of modern day Uruguayan culture and society.

Minor immigrant groups that, although are small in number, still play an important role in Uruguayan society, include:

There is a very recent inflow of Latin Americans: Peruvians, Bolivians, Paraguayans, Venezuelans. The University of the Republic is free, which means that many Chilean students come to study in Uruguay. Many people from neighboring Argentina and Brazil, who frequently travel to Uruguay to spend their holidays, have chosen it as permanent residence. In a very recent trend, North Americans and Europeans are also choosing to retire in Uruguay. There are over 12,000 foreign workers from 81 countries registered in the Uruguayan social security. [4]

Immigrants tend to integrate into mainstream society, as several scholars have shown. [5]

Based on data from the 2011 census, currently there are about 77,000 immigrants in Uruguay and 27,000 returning Uruguayans. [6]

As of October 2014, Uruguay received a new flow of immigrants from Syria as a consequence of the Syrian Civil War. [7]

With the construction works of UPM pulp mills in Fray Bentos and later near Paso de los Toros, new small waves of immigrants have entered the country, in search of jobs. [8]

In recent years Uruguay has been experiencing the drama of stateless people. [9] The Government has plans to diversify the reasons for obtaining visas to adapt to the new reality. [10]

Culture

Several cultural expressions characterize recent migrants. One of the most notable is gastronomy: ingredients such as mango, papaya, mandioca, yucca, are increasingly found in food shops. Recent migrants such as those from Venezuela serve their arepas, cachapas and empanadas. Cuban immigrants cook congri rice (with black beans), roasted port, yucca with sauce, buñuelos. Further, local sushi has more similarities with the Peruvian sort. [11]

Migrant influencers use social media such as YouTube try help the integration of immigrants. [12]

Children

About 1.3% of schoolchildren are foreigners, mostly from Brazil, Argentina, Spain, Venezuela, and the USA. A total of 62 countries are represented in Uruguayan schools. [13]

See also

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Uruguay</span>

This is a demography of the population of Uruguay including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of Uruguay</span>

The culture of Uruguay is diverse since the nation's population is one of multicultural origins. Modern Uruguayan culture is known to be heavily European influenced, mostly by the contribution of its alternating conquerors, Italy, Spain and Portugal, and from the large numbers of immigrants who arrived in the country from the 19th century onwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration to Argentina</span>

The history of immigration to Argentina can be divided into several major stages:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration to Mexico</span>

Immigration to Mexico has been important in shaping the country's demographics. Since the early 16th century, with the arrival of the Spanish, Mexico has received immigrants from Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Today, millions of their descendants still live in Mexico and can be found working in different professions and industries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnic groups of Argentina</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Argentines</span> Ethnic group

Spanish Argentines are Argentine-born citizens who are predominantly or totally of Spanish descent. The arrival of Spanish emigrants in Argentina took place first in the period before Argentina's independence from Spain, and again in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, the Spanish Empire was the sole colonial power in the territories that became Argentina after the 1816 Argentine declaration of independence. Thus, before 1850, the vast majority of European settlers in Argentina were from Spain and they carried the Spanish colonial administration, including religious affairs, government, and commercial business. A substantial Spanish descended Criollo population gradually built up in the new cities, while some mixed with the amerindians (Mestizos), with the slave population sub-saharan descended (Mulattoes) or with other European immigrants. Currently, a large part of Argentines can be considered Criollos or Castizos.

White Latin Americans or European Latin Americans are Latin Americans who claim or being classified as white people with predominant European ancestry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration to Colombia</span>

Immigration to Colombia during the early 19th and late 20th Century, is what makes it one of the most diverse countries in the world, above other countries in the Latin region. Colombia inherited from the Spanish Empire harsh rules against immigration, first in the Viceroyalty of New Granada and later in the Colombian Republic. The Constituent Assembly of Colombia and the subsequent reforms to the national constitution were much more open to the immigrants and the economic aperture. However naturalization of foreigners, with the exception of those children of Colombians born abroad, it is still difficult to acquire due 'Jus soli' law is not allowed by the government, and only 'Jus sanguinis' law is accepted. Immigration in Colombia is managed by the "Migración Colombia" agency.

Hispanic and Latin American Australians refers to Australians who are of Hispanic, and/or Latin American origin irrespective of their ancestral backgrounds, and their descendants. Brazilian Australians make up the largest proportion of Latin American Australians, while Chilean Australians make up the largest group of Hispanic Australians, followed by Salvadoran Australians. Most Hispanic and Latin American Australians speak English but many continue to use Spanish or Portuguese as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venezuelans</span> Citizens or residents of Venezuela

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Argentines</span> People of the country of Argentina or who identify as culturally Argentine

Argentines are the people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Argentine. In the past the National Gentilic for Citizens of Argentina was mistakenly translated as Argentinians, a term that is no longer considered accurate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uruguayans</span> Citizens or residents of Uruguay

Uruguayans are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. As a result, many Uruguayans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and their allegiance to Uruguay. Colloquially, primarily among other Spanish-speaking Latin American nations, Uruguayans are also referred to as "orientals [as in Easterners]".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palermo, Montevideo</span> Barrio in Montevideo Department, Uruguay

Palermo is a barrio of Montevideo, Uruguay. It borders Barrio Sur to the west, Cordón to the north and Parque Rodó to the east, while to the south it borders the coastline.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Argentines of European descent</span> Ethnic group

European Argentines, are Argentines who have predominantly or total European ancestry, belong to several communities which trace their origins to various migrations from Europe and which have contributed to the country's cultural and demographic variety. They are the descendants of colonists from Spain during the colonial period prior to 1810, or in the majority of cases, of Spanish, Italians, French, Russians and other Europeans who arrived in the great immigration wave from the mid 19th to the mid 20th centuries, and who largely intermarried among their many nationalities during and after this wave. No recent Argentine census has included comprehensive questions on ethnicity, although numerous studies have determined that European Argentines have been a majority in the country since 1914.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great European immigration wave to Argentina</span> Major immigration event took place in the late 19th and early 20th century

The Great European Immigration Wave to Argentina was a major source of economic growth and social change for Argentina. Beginning in the late 19th century, the wave consisted largely of Italian and Spanish immigrants. There were also many other nationalities and ethnic groups that came, including Syrian-Lebanese, Germans, Ukrainians, Poles, Jews and others. The rapid influx of European migrants led to immense population growth in Argentina, and the migrants were incredibly influential in the politics of the nation by introducing political concepts like labor unions and socialism into the country's political zeitgeist. The remnants of the Immigration Wave of migrants are still visible in Argentina today, not only as a result of their influence on the country's economic and political history, but as cultural cornerstones in both urban and rural communities alike. Shifting labor markets and decreased reliance on European economics after the outbreak of World War I had a huge effect on European Migration to Argentina. These factors all lead to the end of the Great European Immigration Wave and began an era of Latin American politics primarily focused on domestic growth rather than the outsourcing of international labor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Jews in Uruguay</span> Ethnic group

The history of the Jews in Uruguay dates back to the colonial empire. The most important influx of Jewish population occurred during the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, mainly during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immigration to Paraguay</span>

Historically, the migratory history of Paraguay has been ambiguous, since it has had periods of large scale emigration as well as large waves of immigrants, primarily from Europe.

At the 2011 census, the number of immigrants in Costa Rica totaled about 390,000 individuals, or about 9% of the country's population. Following a considerable drop from 1950 through 1980, immigration to Costa Rica has increased in recent decades.

White Paraguayans or European Paraguayans are Paraguayan people whose ancestry lies within the continent of Europe, most notably Spain, Italy and Germany, and to a lesser extent, Ukraine and Poland.

References

  1. 1 2 Felipe Arocena. "The contribution of immigrants to Uruguay" (PDF) (in Spanish). Multiculturalismoenuruguay.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  2. Camou, María, and Adela Pellegrino, Una fotografía instantánea de Montevideo. 1858–1859, Montevideo, Universidad de la República (Ediciones del Quinto Centenario), 1993.
  3. Manuel Esmoris. "Villa del Cerro, identity and fracture" (PDF) (in Spanish). Gestioncultural.com.uy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  4. "Foreign workers in Uruguay" (in Spanish). EL PAIS. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  5. Renzo Pi Hugarte. "La asimilación cultural de los siriolibaneses y sus descendientes en Uruguay" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  6. "Uruguay has 77,000 immigrants" (in Spanish). Montevideo.comm. 17 June 2013.
  7. Cariboni, Diana (27 August 2014). "Uruguayan resettlement scheme offers Syrian refugees a lifeline". The Guardian.
  8. García, Leonel (17 March 2022). "Ukrainians and Russians live and together in UPM" (in Spanish). Búsqueda . Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  9. "Stateless phantoms in Uruguay" (in Spanish). EL PAIS. 6 June 2015.
  10. "Gobierno estudia incorporar nuevos tipos de visa" (in Spanish). El Observador. 27 April 2018.
  11. Neves, Salvador (4 October 2024). "Sofrito mamá". Brecha (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 October 2024.
  12. Silveira Almada, Lucía (4 October 2024). "Grabando". Brecha (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 October 2024.
  13. Urwicz, Tomer (29 August 2018). "Children from 62 countries at Uruguayan schools" (in Spanish). EL PAIS.