Fukutin-related protein

Last updated
fukutin related protein
Identifiers
SymbolFKRP
NCBI gene 79147
HGNC 17997
OMIM 606596
RefSeq NM_024301
UniProt Q9H9S5
Other data
Locus Chr. 19 q13.3

Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) are also known as FKRP_HUMAN, LGMD2I, MDC1C, MDDGA5, MDDGB5, and MDDGC5. FKRP can be located in the brain, cardiac muscles, and skeletal muscles, and in the cells it is found in the Golgi apparatus. [1] The genomic location of FKRP gene is on chromosome 19. FKRP is a ribitol-5-phosphate (enzyme) glycosyltranferase, which means this enzyme helps create glycosidic linkages to an acceptor. In glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (sugar chain) it adds a ribitol-5-phosphate onto the M3 core O-mannosylation of α-dystroglycan to create O-linked mannosylation. [2] Without this linkage α-dystroglycan will not function properly, this can cause issues with the cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix. In skeletal muscles the α-dystroglycan helps stabilize and protect muscle fibers, in the brain it directs movement of nerve cells. [3] This could be caused by mutations that binds ribitol-5-phosphate to the α-dystroglycan incorrectly. These mutations have been found to be associated with congenital muscular dystrophy, dystroglycanopathies, and Walker-Warburg syndrome. [4] The severity of these diseases are correlated to the amount of mutations occurring. Possible therapy options for FKRP mutations include small molecules, gene delivery, and cell therapy.

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Related Research Articles

Muscular dystrophy Genetic disorder

Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases that cause progressive weakness and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time. The disorders differ as to which muscles are primarily affected, the degree of weakness, how fast they worsen, and when symptoms begin. Some types are also associated with problems in other organs.

A congenital disorder of glycosylation is one of several rare inborn errors of metabolism in which glycosylation of a variety of tissue proteins and/or lipids is deficient or defective. Congenital disorders of glycosylation are sometimes known as CDG syndromes. They often cause serious, sometimes fatal, malfunction of several different organ systems in affected infants. The most common sub-type is PMM2-CDG where the genetic defect leads to the loss of phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of mannose-6-phosphate into mannose-1-phosphate.

Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy Medical condition

Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare muscular dystrophies that share a set of clinical characteristics. It is characterised by progressive muscle wasting which affects predominantly hip and shoulder muscles. LGMD usually has an autosomal pattern of inheritance. It currently has no known cure or treatment.

Dystrophin Rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein

Dystrophin is a rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein, and a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane. This complex is variously known as the costamere or the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC). Many muscle proteins, such as α-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, and sarcospan, colocalize with dystrophin at the costamere. It has a molecular weight of 427 kDa

Becker muscular dystrophy Genetic muscle disorder

Becker muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive inherited disorder characterized by slowly progressing muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis. It is a type of dystrophinopathy. This is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which encodes the protein dystrophin. Becker muscular dystrophy is related to Duchenne muscular dystrophy in that both result from a mutation in the dystrophin gene, but has a milder course.

Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy Medical condition

Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is a rare, autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy mainly described in Japan but also identified in Turkish and Ashkenazi Jewish patients; fifteen cases were first described on 1960 by Dr. Yukio Fukuyama.

Derek Blake was, until 2007, the Isobel Laing Post-Doctoral Fellow in Biomedical Sciences, and the Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Basic Biomedical Science, Oriel College, Oxford.

Walker–Warburg syndrome Medical condition

Walker–Warburg syndrome (WWS), also called Warburg syndrome, Chemke syndrome, HARD syndrome, Pagon syndrome, cerebroocular dysgenesis (COD) or cerebroocular dysplasia-muscular dystrophy syndrome (COD-MD), is a rare form of autosomal recessive congenital muscular dystrophy. It is associated with brain and eye abnormalities. This condition has a worldwide distribution. The overall incidence is unknown but a survey in North-eastern Italy has reported an incidence rate of 1.2 per 100,000 live births. It is the most severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy with most children dying before the age of three years.

Congenital muscular dystrophy Medical condition

Congenital muscular dystrophies are autosomal recessively-inherited muscle diseases. They are a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by muscle weakness which is present at birth and the different changes on muscle biopsy that ranges from myopathic to overtly dystrophic due to the age at which the biopsy takes place.

Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy Medical condition

Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause progressive impairment of muscles. EDMD affects muscles used for movement, causing atrophy, weakness and contractures. It almost always affects the heart, causing abnormal rhythms, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death. It is rare, affecting 0.39 per 100,000 people. It is named after Alan Eglin H. Emery and Fritz E. Dreifuss.

Fukutin Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Fukutin is a eukaryotic protein necessary for the maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histogenesis, and normal ocular development. Mutations in the fukutin gene have been shown to result in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) characterised by brain malformation - one of the most common autosomal-recessive disorders in Japan. In humans this protein is encoded by the FCMD gene, located on chromosome 9q31. Human fukutin exhibits a length of 461 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 53.7 kDa.

SGCA

Alpha-sarcoglycan is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SGCA gene.

POMGNT1 Human gene

Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POMGNT1 gene.

POMT1 Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Protein O-mannosyl-transferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POMT1 gene. It is a member of the dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferases.

Pikachurin Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Pikachurin, also known as AGRINL (AGRINL) and EGF-like, fibronectin type-III and laminin G-like domain-containing protein (EGFLAM), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGFLAM gene.

X-linked spinal muscular atrophy type 2 Medical condition

X-linked spinal muscular atrophy type 2, also known as arthrogryposis multiplex congenita X-linked type 1 (AMCX1), is a rare neurological disorder involving death of motor neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord resulting in generalised muscle wasting (atrophy). The disease is caused by a mutation in UBA1 gene and is passed in an X-linked recessive manner by carrier mothers to affected sons.

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy Medical condition

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is a form of congenital muscular dystrophy. It is associated with variants of type VI collagen, it is commonly associated with muscle weakness and respiratory problems, though cardiac issues are not associated with this type of CMD. It is named after Otto Ullrich, who is also known for the Ullrich-Turner syndrome.

Collagen VI (ColVI) is a type of collagen primarily associated with the extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle. ColVI maintains regularity in muscle function and stabilizes the cell membrane. It is synthesized by a complex, multistep pathway that leads to the formation of a unique network of linked microfilaments located in the extracellular matrix (ECM). ColVI plays a vital role in numerous cell types, including chondrocytes, neurons, myocytes, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. ColVI molecules are made up of three alpha chains: α1(VI), α2(VI), and α3(VI). It is encoded by 6 genes: COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, COL6A4, COL6A5, and COL6A6. The chain lengths of α1(VI) and α2(VI) are about 1,000 amino acids. The chain length of α3(VI) is roughly a third larger than those of α1(VI) and α2(VI), and it consists of several spliced variants within the range of 2,500 to 3,100 amino acids.

Muscle–eye–brain disease Medical condition

Muscle–eye–brain (MEB) disease, also known as muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy congenital with brain and eye anomalies A3 (MDDGA3), is a kind of rare congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), largely characterized by hypotonia at birth. Patients suffer from muscular dystrophy, central nervous system abnormalities and ocular abnormalities, the condition is degenerative.

References

  1. "FKRP gene: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
  2. Ortiz-Cordero, Carolina; Azzag, Karim; Perlingeiro, Rita C.R. (March 2021). "Fukutin-Related Protein: from Pathology to Treatments". Trends in Cell Biology. 31 (3): 197–210. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.003. ISSN   0962-8924. PMC   8657196 . PMID   33272829.
  3. "FKRP gene: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
  4. Mercuri, Eugenio; Topaloglu, Haluk; Brockington, Martin; Berardinelli, Angela; Pichiecchio, Anna; Santorelli, Filippo; Rutherford, Mary; Talim, Beril; Ricci, Enzo; Voit, Thomas; Muntoni, Francesco (2006-02-01). "Spectrum of Brain Changes in Patients With Congenital Muscular Dystrophy and FKRP Gene Mutations". Archives of Neurology. 63 (2): 251–257. doi:10.1001/archneur.63.2.251. ISSN   0003-9942. PMID   16476814.