Generation Jones is the generation or social cohort between the baby boomers and Generation X. The term was coined in 1999 by American cultural commentator Jonathan Pontell, who has argued that the term refers to a distinct generation born from 1954 to 1965.[1]
Media coverage of Generation Jones has typically described it as a distinct generation, using Pontell's dates of 1954 to 1965.[2][3] Others see this as a subset of the Baby Boom Generation, primarily its second half.[4][5] A third view is that Generation Jones is a cusp or micro-generation between the Boomers and Xers, using only the 1960s as birth years.[6][7][8][9]
Dictionary.com definees Generation Jones as "members of the generation of people born in the Western world between the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s"[10]
A 2024 survey by YouGov of 13,083 U.S. adults found that 53% of Boomers relate to their own generation the most, while 13% relate to Gen X. On the other hand, 43% of Gen Xers relate to their own generation the most, while 12% relate to Boomers.[11]
Characteristics
In 2009, Jonathan Pontell wrote in an article for Politico: "We Jonesers have long been lumped with Boomers simply because we arrived during the same long post-Second World War spike in births. But generations arise from shared formative experiences, not headcounts, and the two groups evolved with dramatic differences. Our background is just as distant from Generation Xers'."[12]
While older Boomers (or "Leading-Edge Boomers") participated in the social changes of the 1960s and early 1970s, Generation Jones (or "Trailing-Edge Boomers") were still children.[13][14][15] Unlike older Boomers, most Jonesers, particularly younger ones, did not have World War II veterans as parents (although some were Korean War veterans). Many Jonesers' parents were the Silent Generation, sandwiched between the Greatest Generation and the Baby Boomers.[16]
As Jonesers reached adulthood, the United States military draft and involvement in the Vietnam War had ended; thus, they had no defining political cause, as opposition to the war was for the older boomers.[17] The Woodstock music festival (1969) was a defining moment for older Boomers, whereas Jonesers tend to remember the Watergate scandal (1972–74) and the cultural cynicism it begat.[5] While in high school, members of Generation Jones had a distinct feeling of having just missed the real hippie era.[18] Key characteristics assigned to members are pessimism, distrust of government, and general cynicism.[19][20]
Generational trends expert Daniel Levine, director of the Avant Guide Institute, suggests Generation Jones bridges the gap between boomers and Gen X, taking some of the idealism of its elder counterparts and the pragmatism of the generation after it.[21]
Authors Hannah Ubl, Lisa Walden, and Debra Arbit said that, because Baby Boomers is a huge generation spanning almost two decades, it can be helpful to break it into separate subgroups: Early Boomers and Generation Jones. They say the "latter group's formative years occurred after the counterculture movement of the 1960s. They weren't witnesses to the electric and inspiring atmosphere that JFK, Martin Luther King Jr., and Gloria Steinem created for Early Boomers. Instead, their world was marked by competition, limited resources as fuel prices rose, and...disco."[22]
In 2014, Richard Pérez-Peña wrote in The New York Times: "we aren’t what people usually have in mind when they talk about boomers. They mean the early boomers, the postwar cohort, most of them now in their 60s—not us later boomers, labeled 'Generation Jones' by the writer Jonathan Pontell. The boom generation really has two distinct halves, which in my mind I call Boomer Classic and Boomer Reboot. The differences between them have to do, not surprisingly, with sex, drugs and rock ‘n’ roll—and economics and war.[23] In 2020, Jennifer Finney Boylan wrote in The New York Times: "we might be grouped with the baby boomers, but our formative experiences were profoundly different. If the zeitgeist of the boomers was optimism and revolution, the vibe of Gen Jones was cynicism and disappointment. Our formative years came in the wake of the 1973 oil shock, Watergate, the malaise of the Carter years and the Reagan recession of 1982."[24]
Alfred Lubrano wrote in The Philadelphia Inquirer: "A generation hidden within a generation, Generation Jones is a term social commentators affix to younger, tail-end boomers—people who came of age in the disco-, punk-, and Watergate-obsessed 1970s, not the hippie-spawning; Vietnam War-protesting; sex, drugs, and rock-and-roll 1960s. Jonsers resent being lumped in with flower-power boomers. They believe they share few traits and cultural touchstones with a noisy cohort that overshadowed them."[5]
Mark Wegierski wrote in The American Conservative, "the term 'cusper' is proposed to apply to a category of persons sometimes identified as 'the tail-end of the Baby Boom' or 'the first wave of Generation X.' These would be persons born roughly between 1958-1967 'on the cusp' of massive societal change, falling somewhere between Baby Boomers and Generation X in many of their social and cultural traits." He added, "the cuspers were children, not teenagers in the 1960s, and for many of them, the counterculture 'revolt against the elders' was highly disconcerting, and not a badge of shared identity. The cuspers were typical teenagers in the 1970s, and they listened to second generation rock-n-roll—punk and progressive rock. They grew up with Clint Eastwood westerns like The Outlaw Josey Wales and dystopian sci-fi like Soylent Green and Rollerball."[25]
Economic dimensions
The name "Generation Jones" has several connotations, including a large anonymous generation, a "keeping up with the Joneses" competitiveness, and, possibly the original slant, the slang word "jones" or "jonesing", meaning a yearning or craving.[26][27][28] Pontell suggests that Jonesers inherited an optimistic outlook as children in the 1960s but were then confronted with a different reality as they entered the workforce, in the case of the United States, during the economic struggles of the 1970s and 1980s. Mortgage interest rates increased to above 12% in the mid-1980s, making it virtually impossible to buy a house on a single income.[29]
Generation Jones is noted for coming of age after a huge swath of their older siblings in the earlier part of the Baby Boom; thus, many note that there was a paucity of resources and privileges available to them that were seemingly abundant to older Boomers. For example, Baby Boomers often filled senior and more lucrative employment positions vacated by retiring Greatest Generation and older Silent Generation members, leaving Jonesers with fewer opportunities for promotion because their Boomer siblings would enter retirement windows only slightly ahead of them. Therefore, there is a certain level of bitterness and "jonesing" for the level of affluence granted to older Boomers but not to them.[30]
Political activity
Politically, as twentysomethings, many of these cuspers voted for Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984. In Canada, Jonesers voted for Progressive Conservative candidate Brian Mulroney in 1984 and 1988, though his Prime Ministership from 1984 to 1993 proved an intense disappointment to many of them. The older, white cuspers were among Donald Trump’s biggest fans in 2016.[31]
Politically, Generation Jones has emerged as a crucial voting segment in US and UK elections.[32][33] In the U.S. 2006 congressional and 2004 presidential elections and the 2005 U.K. elections, Generation Jones's electoral role was widely described as pivotal by the media and political pollsters.[34][35][36][37] In the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, Generation Jones was again seen as a key electoral segment because of the high degree to which its members were swing voters during the election cycle. Influential journalists like Clarence Page[32] and Peter Fenn[33] singled out Generation Jones voters as crucial in the campaign's final weeks.[38] Numerous studies have been done by political pollsters and publications analyzing Jonesers' voting behavior.[19][39]
In Pontell's opinion, US Jonesers shifted left in 2020, which he attributed to President Donald Trump's response to the COVID-19 crisis, as well as Trump's mocking of President-elect Joe Biden's senior moments: "There are lots of seniors out there that also have senior moments. They don't really like the president mocking those one bit."[40]
Generation Jones has been covered and discussed in newspapers, magazines, TV, and radio shows.[41][35][42][43] Pontell has appeared on TV networks such as CNN, MSNBC, and BBC, discussing the cultural, political, and economic implications of this generation's emergence.[44][45][46]Douglas Coupland (b. 1961), author of Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, has said the novel (whose characters were born in the late 1950s and early '60s) is about "the fringe of Generation Jones which became the mainstream of Generation X."[15] In the business world, Generation Jones has become a part of many companies' and industries' strategic planning, particularly in the context of targeting Jonesers through marketing.[47][48][49][50][51][52]Carat UK, a European media buying agency, has done extensive research into Generation Jones consumers.[53][54]
The 2008 United States presidential election brought more media attention to Generation Jones. DemocratBarack Obama (b. 1961) and Republican vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin (b. 1964) were on the tickets. Many journalists, publications, and commentators at this time called Obama a member of Generation Jones.[55] Obama has said he does not relate to Boomers. He told an interviewer for The Atlantic in 2007, "When i think of Baby Boomers, I think of my mother's generation. And you know, I was too young for the formative period of the '60s civil rights, sexual revolution, Vietnam War. Those all sort of passed me by."[56] Former first lady Michelle Obama (b. 1964) and Ambassador Caroline Kennedy (b. 1957) are also of that generation.[57]As of 2025[update], two former vice presidents, Mike Pence (b. 1959) and Kamala Harris (b. 1964), are members of Generation Jones.[58]
↑ Williams, Jeffrey J. (March 31, 2014). "Not My Generation". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
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