The Brooks–Baxter War,also known as the Brooks–Baxter Affair,Arkansas Civil War,or the Second American Civil War was an attempt made by failed gubernatorial candidate Joseph Brooks of the “Brindle-tail”faction of Arkansas' Republican Party to take control of the state from Elisha Baxter,who was the Republican governor. The victor in the end was the Baxter administration,also known as the "Minstrels",supported by some "carpetbaggers" and Democrats over the Brindle-tails supported by "scalawags" and "freedmen".
Alfred Howe Terry was a Union general in the American Civil War and the military commander of the Dakota Territory from 1866 to 1869,and again from 1872 to 1886. In 1865,Terry led Union troops to victory at the Second Battle of Fort Fisher in North Carolina.
Stephen Augustus Hurlbut was an attorney and politician,who commanded the U.S. Army of the Gulf in the American Civil War. Afterward,he continued to serve as a politician and also as a diplomat.
James Island is a town in Charleston County,South Carolina,United States. It is located in the central and southern parts of James Island. James Island is included within the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville metropolitan area and the Charleston-North Charleston Urbanized Area.
Franklin Israel Moses Jr. was a South Carolina lawyer and editor who became active as a Republican politician in the state during the Reconstruction Era. He was elected to the legislature in 1868 and as governor in 1872,serving into 1874. Enemies labelled him the 'Robber Governor'.
The 1st North Carolina Regiment of the Continental Army was raised on September 1,1775,at Wilmington,North Carolina. In January 1776 the organization contained eight companies. Francis Nash was appointed colonel in April 1776. The regiment was present at the defense of Charleston in 1776. It transferred from the Southern Department to George Washington's main army in February 1777. At that time,Thomas Clark became colonel of the 1st Regiment. The regiment became part of General Francis Nash's North Carolina Brigade in July.
More than 1,500 African American officeholders served during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) and in the years after Reconstruction before white supremacy,disenfranchisement,and the Democratic Party fully reasserted control in Southern states. Historian Canter Brown Jr. noted that in some states,such as Florida,the highest number of African Americans were elected or appointed to offices after the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The following is a partial list of notable African American officeholders from the end of the Civil War until before 1900. Dates listed are the year that a term states or the range of years served if multiple terms.
The Battle of Sullivan's Island or the Battle of Fort Sullivan was fought on June 28,1776,during the American Revolutionary War. It took place near Charleston,South Carolina,during the first British attempt to capture the city from American forces. It is also sometimes referred to as the first siege of Charleston,owing to a more successful British siege in 1780.
Robert Byington Mitchell was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and the Governor of the New Mexico Territory from 1866 to 1869.
Brigadier-General Samuel Wragg Ferguson was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded cavalry in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. After the civil war,Ferguson served as a member of the Mississippi River Commission.
The New York City Police Riot of 1857,known at the time as the Great Police Riot,was a conflict which occurred in front of New York City Hall between the recently-dissolved New York Municipal Police and the newly-formed Metropolitan Police on June 16,1857. Arising over New York City Mayor Fernando Wood's appointment of Charles Devlin over Daniel Conover for the position of city street commissioner,amid rumors that Devlin purchased the office for $50,000 from Wood,Municipal police battled Metropolitan officers attempting to arrest Mayor Wood.
Both houses of the United States Congress have refused to seat new members based on Article I,Section 5 of the United States Constitution which states that:
"Each House shall be the judge of the elections,returns and qualifications of its own members,and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business;but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day,and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members,in such manner,and under such penalties as each House may provide."
John Rutledge Jr. was an American Founding Father,politician,and jurist who served as one of the original associate justices of the Supreme Court and the second chief justice of the United States. Additionally,he served as the first president of South Carolina and later as its first governor after the Declaration of Independence was signed.
Alfred Stedman Hartwell was a lawyer and American Civil War soldier,who then had another career as cabinet minister and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Gilbert Pillsbury (1813-1893) was the Reconstruction mayor of Charleston,South Carolina,and he served one term from 1868 to 1871. He ran against William Patton and Chancellor Lesesne. Due to election challenges,he was installed as mayor only in May 1869. He was again nominated for a second term in 1871,but lost to Johann Andreas Wagener.
Black South Carolinians are residents of the state of South Carolina who are of African American ancestry. This article examines South Carolina's history with an emphasis on the lives,status,and contributions of African Americans. Enslaved Africans first arrived in the region in 1526,and the institution of slavery remained until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Until slavery's abolition,the free black population of South Carolina never exceeded 2%. Beginning during the Reconstruction Era,African Americans were elected to political offices in large numbers,leading to South Carolina's first majority-black government. Toward the end of the 1870s however,the Democratic Party regained power and passed laws aimed at disenfranchising African Americans,including the denial of the right to vote. Between the 1870s and 1960s,African Americans and whites lived segregated lives;people of color and whites were not allowed to attend the same schools or share public facilities. African Americans were treated as second-class citizens leading to the civil rights movement in the 1960s. In modern America,African Americans constitute 22% of the state's legislature,and in 2014,the state's first African American U.S. Senator since Reconstruction,Tim Scott,was elected. In 2015,the Confederate flag was removed from the South Carolina Statehouse after the Charleston church shooting.
Daniel Stevens was the twenty-fourth intendant (mayor) of Charleston,South Carolina,serving from 1819 to 1820.
Henry Boynton Clitz was a career United States Army officer who served with distinction during the Mexican–American and Civil wars,for which he received brevet appointments. After his release as a prisoner of war from the Confederate Libby Prison in Richmond,Virginia,on July 17,1862,Clitz was Commandant of Cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point,New York,from October 23,1862,to July 4,1864. He was nominated and confirmed for appointment as a brevet brigadier general in the Regular Army on March 2,1867,to rank from March 13,1865. He retired from the Regular Army as a colonel of the 10th Infantry Regiment on July 1,1885. Clitz,whose deteriorating mental state had been noticed by relatives for several months,disappeared at Niagara Falls,New York,and was presumed drowned on October 30,1888.
Prior to the civil rights movement in South Carolina,African Americans in the state had very few political rights. South Carolina briefly had a majority-black government during the Reconstruction era after the Civil War,but with the 1876 inauguration of Governor Wade Hampton III,a Democrat who supported the disenfranchisement of blacks,African Americans in South Carolina struggled to exercise their rights. Poll taxes,literacy tests,and intimidation kept African Americans from voting,and it was virtually impossible for someone to challenge the Democratic Party,which ran unopposed in most state elections for decades. By 1940,the voter registration provisions written into the 1895 constitution effectively limited African-American voters to 3,000—only 0.8 percent of those of voting age in the state.
From December 1876 to April 1877,the Republican and Democratic parties in South Carolina each claimed to be the legitimate government. Both parties declared that the other had lost the election and that they controlled the governorship,the state legislature,and most state offices. Each government debated and passed laws,raised militias,collected taxes,and conducted other business as if the other did not exist. After four months of contested government,Daniel Henry Chamberlain,who claimed the governorship as a Republican,conceded to Democrat Wade Hampton III on April 11,1877. This came after President Rutherford Hayes withdrew federal troops from the South.
