Germacrene-A synthase

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Germacrene-A synthase
Germacrene-A synthase
Identifiers
EC no.	4.2.3.23
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
PMC
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Last updated August 27, 2023

The enzyme germacrene-A synthase (EC 4.2.3.23) catalyzes the chemical reaction

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

\rightleftharpoons

(+)-(R)-gemacrene A + diphosphate

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(+)-(R)-germacrene-A-forming]. Other names in common use include germacrene A synthase, (+)-germacrene A synthase, (+)-(10R)-germacrene A synthase, GAS, 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase, (germacrene-A-forming).

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References

Wallaart TE; Kodde, J; Verstappen, FW; Altug, IG; De Kraker, JW; Wallaart, TE (2002). "Isolation and Characterization of Two Germacrene A Synthase cDNA Clones from Chicory". Plant Physiol. 129 (1): 134–44. doi:10.1104/pp.001024. PMC 155878 . PMID 12011345.
Beale MH; Phillips, AL; Gittings, S; Lewis, MJ; Hooper, AM; Pickett, JA; Beale, MH (2002). "(+)-(10R)-Germacrene A synthase from goldenrod, Solidago canadensis cDNA isolation, bacterial expression and functional analysis". Phytochemistry . 60 (7): 691–702. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00165-6. PMID 12127586.
de Kraker JW, Franssen MC, de Groot A, Konig WA, Bouwmeester HJ (1998). "(+)-Germacrene A Biosynthesis : The Committed Step in the Biosynthesis of Bitter Sesquiterpene Lactones in Chicory". Plant Physiol. 117 (4): 1381–92. doi:10.1104/pp.117.4.1381. PMC 34902 . PMID 9701594.
Calvert MJ, Ashton PR, Allemann RK (2002). "Germacrene A is a product of the aristolochene synthase-mediated conversion of farnesylpyrophosphate to aristolochene". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (39): 11636–41. doi:10.1021/ja020762p. PMID 12296728.
Chang YJ, Jin J, Nam HY, Kim SU (2005). "Point mutation of (+)-germacrene A synthase from Ixeris dentata". Biotechnol. Lett. 27 (5): 285–8. doi:10.1007/s10529-005-0681-9. PMID 15834787.

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v t e Carbon–oxygen lyases (EC 4.2) (primarily dehydratases)
4.2.1: Hydro-Lyases	Carbonic anhydrase Fumarase Aconitase Enolase Alpha Enolase 2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase Tryptophan synthase Cystathionine beta synthase Porphobilinogen synthase 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase Urocanase Uroporphyrinogen III synthase Nitrile hydratase
4.2.2: Acting on polysaccharides	Hyaluronate lyase
4.2.3: Acting on phosphates	Threonine synthase
4.2.99: Other	Carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase Hydroperoxide lyase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)