German Peruvians

Last updated
German Peruvians
POZUZO PERU.jpg
Flag of Germany.svg Flag of Peru.svg
Total population
unknown
Regions with significant populations
Lima, Oxapampa, Pozuzo, Villa Rica, Trujillo
Languages
Spanish, German, Austrian German
Religion
Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism

German Peruvians are Peruvian citizens of full or partial German ancestry. In general, the term is also applied to descendants of other German-speaking immigrants, such as Austrians or the Swiss, or to someone who has immigrated to Peru from German-speaking countries.

Contents

History

Since independence, Germans had been immigrating to Lima on a small scale, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries, a number of German immigrants have settled in other parts of Peru, primarily in Lima. Also, many of these German immigrants have Jewish heritage.[ citation needed ]

19th century

The first wave of immigration was in 1853, organized by then-president Ramon Castilla. These immigrants established themselves in the cities of Tingo Maria, Tarapoto, Pucallpa, Moyobamba, and in the department of Amazonas. Baron Kuno Damian Freiherr Schutz von Holzhausen, the leader of the immigration movement, consulted with the then Peruvian Minister of Foreign Relations, Manuel Tirado. The meeting's purpose was to colonize the central jungle to better link the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. The colonists would end up colonizing Pozuzo. In 1854, the first immigration contract was signed between the Baron and then-president José Rufino Echenique. The next year, in 1855, this contract was nullified as Echenique had been ousted and Ramon Castilla had assumed the presidency again. The Baron signed a new contract with the new president on December 6, 1855. According to the contract each colonist would be reimbursed by the government for the cost of the voyage from Europe to Pozuzo, the construction of a new highway from Cerro de Pasco to Pozuzo, each colonist 15 years old or older would receive 15 pesos, the distribution of 360 square kilometres (140 sq mi) land between the colonists of which they would have legal ownership, exemption for the first six months of taxes, and the responsibility to build schools, churches, and other basic needs. The government, however, required that the colonists be Catholic and workers skilled at a trade. To make this project possible the Baron was hired by the Peruvian government to oversee the colonization, paying him a salary of 2,400 pesos annually. The first wave of colonists departed Antwerp in 1857 and arrived in the Peruvian port of Callao two months later. The third wave of immigrants to the jungle occurred in 1868, taking the same route as the second wave of immigrants did. In later years, the descendants of the German immigrants would go on to found new cities throughout the central jungle such as Oxapampa and Villa Rica. [ citation needed ]

20th century

During World War II, some German Peruvians became under the influence of Nazi Germany and began their own branches of Nazi Party. [1] About 2,000 German Peruvian lived in Peru during World War II, [1] with the total number of known active Nazi party members in Peru being documented at more than 200. [1] The prominent families such as the Emmel family in Arequipa and Fischer family in Andahuaylas, the Albrecht family in Cusco and the Schäfer family in Piura signed their names as Nazi Party members. [1] [2] Carl Dedering led the Nazi Party in Peru and much of the documentation regarding the party in Peru was lost, some of it burned by party members to prevent incrimination. [1] [3] In the remote village of Pozuzo, the Nazi Flag would be raised on the town's flagpole. [3]

Peru's government would abide by British blacklists targeting German businesses in the country during the war. [1] The Alexander Humboldt School in Lima was a meeting place for five branches of the Nazi Party, with the school's director and teachers being deported to internment camps in the United States for being leaders. [1] After Peru broke diplomatic relations with Germany in 1942, some naturalized German Peruvians were sent to internment camps in the United States. [1] Many German Peruvians placed their accounts in the Embassy of Francoist Spain due to its closeness with Nazi Germany, with about 3 million soles being present by 1945. [1]

Education

German schools in Peru:

Notable German Peruvians

German Peruvian institutions and associations

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santiago de Surco</span> District in Lima, Peru

Santiago de Surco, commonly known simply as Surco, is a district of Lima, Peru. It is bordered on the north with the district of Ate Vitarte and La Molina; on the east with San Juan de Miraflores, on the west with San Borja, Surquillo, Miraflores and Barranco, and on the south with Chorrillos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">German Mexicans</span> German people of Mexico

German Mexicans are Mexican citizens of German origin. Most documented ethnic Germans arrived in Mexico during the mid-to-late 19th century and were spurred by government policies of Porfirio Díaz. Many of them took advantage of the liberal policies in Mexico at the time and went into merchant, industrial, and educational ventures. However, others arrived without any or much capital as employees or farmers. Most settled in Mexico City and the surrounding states of Puebla and Veracruz as well as the northern states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Chihuahua. Later settlers headed south towards the Yucatán Peninsula. Significant numbers of German immigrants also arrived during and after both World Wars. The historic strength of German-Mexican relations has contributed to Mexico having the fourth largest German population in all Latin America behind Brazil, Argentina and Chile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">German Argentines</span> Argentine citizens of German descent

German Argentines are Argentines of German ancestry as well as German citizens living in Argentina. They are descendants of Germans who immigrated to Argentina from Germany and elsewhere in Europe. Some German Argentines originally settled in Brazil, then later immigrated to Argentina. Although Germany as a political entity was founded in 1871, the German language and culture have traditionally been more important than the country of origin, as the basis of the ethnic identity. Today, German Argentines make up the fifth-largest ethnic group in Argentina, with over two million citizens of Volga German descent alone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt (Mexico City)</span>

Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt, A. C. is a network of German-language primary and secondary schools based in Greater Mexico City.

German Chileans are Chileans descended from German immigrants, about 30,000 of whom arrived in Chile between 1846 and 1914. Most of these were from Bavaria, Baden and the Rhineland, and also from Bohemia in present-day Czech Republic, which were traditionally Catholic. A smaller number of Lutherans immigrated to Chile following the failed revolutions of 1848.

British Peruvians are Peruvians of British descent. The phrase may refer to someone born in Peru of British descent. Among European Peruvians, the British were the fifth largest group of immigrants to settle in the country after the Spanish, Germans, Italians, the Swiss or/and the French.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">French Peruvians</span> Peruvian citizens of French ancestry

French Peruvians(French: français-péruvien; Spanish: franco-peruano) are Peruvian citizens of French ancestry, or those who immigrated to Peru from France. The French were the fourth largest group of immigrants to settle in the country after the Spanish, Italians, and the Germans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish immigration to Peru</span> Ethnic group

A Spanish Peruvian is a Peruvian citizen of Spanish descent. Among European Peruvians, the Spanish are the largest group of immigrants to settle in the country.

Villa Carlota is the name under which two German farming settlements, in the villages of Santa Elena and Pustunich in Yucatán, were founded during the Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867). This colonization program is not to be confused with the Carlota Colony, an American settlement in Veracruz.

Guillermo Lohmann Villena (1915–2005) was a Peruvian diplomat, historian, lawyer, and writer.

German Venezuelans are Venezuelan citizens who descend from Germans or German people with Venezuelan citizenship. Most of them live in Caracas, Maracaibo, Valencia, Colonia agrícola de Turén, El Jarillo, and Colonia Tovar where a small-reduced and decreasing minority of people speak the Colonia Tovar dialect, a German-derived dialect from their ancestry, and the Spanish language.

Colegio Humboldt may refer to the following German international schools in Latin America:

A German Guatemalan is a citizen of Guatemala whose ancestors were German settlers who arrived in the 19th and 20th century. Guatemala had a massive immigration of Germans in the nineteenth century. The government of Justo Rufino Barrios provided them with farmlands for coffee in the departments of Quetzaltenango, Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz, and by the early 20th century Germans populated Guatemala City, Zacapa and Jutiapa. Guatemala currently has a strong community of Germans who make up the majority of European immigrants in the country, and it is also the most numerous German community in all Central American countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deutsche Schule Madrid</span> School

Deutsche Schule Madrid is a German international school in Madrid, Spain. It includes both the primary and secondary levels, ending with the Abitur.

Colegio Alemán de Guatemala is a German international school in Zone 11, Guatemala City. It serves levels kindergarten through bachillerato.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deutsche Schule Lima Alexander von Humboldt</span> German international school in Peru

Deutsche Schule Alexander von Humboldt Lima is a German international school with two campuses in Lima, Peru: one in Miraflores and one in Surco, with a recreational centre in Huampaní. The school serves levels from Kindergarten through Abitur and the Peruvian bachillerato.

Deutsche Schule in der Provinz Málaga or Deutsche Schule Málaga is a private German international school in Marbella, Malaga Province, Spain. It serves years 1–12, The education begins in early childhood, and ends with Oberstufe/Bachillerato.

Colegio Max Uhle is a German international school in Arequipa, Peru. It serves years 1-12.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colegio Peruano-Alemán Beata Imelda</span> German international school in Peru

Colegio alemán Beata Imelda es un colegio alemán internacional ubicado en Chosica. Fundado en 1939. Teléfono: +51 933 445 416]], Lima Province, Peru. Kindergarten, Primaria, Secundaria y Bachillerato Internacional en Lenguas Mixtas: alemán - español e inglés.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Martínez-Flener, Milagros (2013). "Presente sin pasado: la comunidad alemana en el Perú y el Partido Nazi (1932-1945)". Revista del Archivo General de la Nación. 29: 209–210.
  2. (24 July 1939) Internal report of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the appointment of Mr. Albrecht as honorary consul in Cuzco. Berlin, p. 169005
  3. 1 2 Martínez-Flener, Milagros (2013) NSDAP/AO Landesgruppe Peru: presentación general del Partido Nazi en el Perú (1932-1945)