Gliese 570

Gliese 570

The quaternary star system Gliese 570. The T-type methane brown dwarf Gliese 570D is indicated with an arrow. Credit: 2MASS
Location of Gliese 570 (circled)
Observation data Epoch J2000.0       Equinox J2000.0
Constellation	Libra
Right ascension	14h 57m 28.00144s [1]
Declination	−21° 24′ 55.7131″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)	5.75 / 8.07 / 10.5
Characteristics
Spectral type	K4V / M1V / M3V / T7V
U−B color index	1.06 /1.22
B−V color index	1.11 / 1.51
Variable type	None
Astrometry
A
Radial velocity (Rv)	+26.75±0.12 [2] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: +1031.472 mas/yr [2] Dec.: −1723.619 mas/yr [2]
Parallax (π)	169.8843±0.0653  mas [2]
Distance	19.199 ± 0.007  ly (5.886 ± 0.002  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)	6.89 [3]
BC
Radial velocity (Rv)	+25.9 [4] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: +961.78 [1] mas/yr Dec.: −1677.83 [1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	169.1±0.9  mas [5]
Distance	19.3 ± 0.1  ly (5.91 ± 0.03  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)	9.19 [3] / 11.05
D
Proper motion (μ)	RA: +1038.08 [6] mas/yr Dec.: −1677.59 [6] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	169.30±1.70  mas [7]
Distance	19.3 ± 0.2  ly (5.91 ± 0.06  pc)
Orbit [5]
Primary	B
Companion	C
Period (P)	308.86±0.01 days
Semi-major axis (a)	148.1±0.5  mas
Eccentricity (e)	0.758±0.001
Inclination (i)	106.1±0.1°
Longitude of the node (Ω)	16.9±0.2°
Periastron epoch (T)	50270.86±0.04
Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary)	308.3±0.2°
Semi-amplitude (K1) (primary)	18.23±0.06 km/s
Semi-amplitude (K2) (secondary)	27.2±0.1 km/s
Details
A
Mass	0.802 ± 0.040 [8]   M☉
Radius	0.715±0.009 [9]   R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)	0.19±0.01 [9]   L☉
Temperature	4505±76 [9]   K
Metallicity	${\displaystyle {\begin{smallmatrix}\left[{\frac {Fe}{H}}\right]\ =\ 0.06\end{smallmatrix}}}$ [8]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	1.50 [8]  km/s
B
Mass	0.562±0.006 [5]   M☉
Radius	0.615 ± 0.039 [10] [a]   R☉
Luminosity	0.053±0.006 [10]   L☉
Temperature	3530+46 −45 [10]   K
C
Mass	0.377±0.003 [5]   M☉
Radius	0.399 ± 0.028 [10] [b]   R☉
Luminosity	0.0171+0.0021 −0.0019 [10]   L☉
Temperature	3304+64 −63 [10]   K
D
Mass	34.6+7.5 −6.5 [11]   MJup
Radius	0.89+0.05 −0.04 [11]   RJup
Luminosity	2.88+0.21 −0.19×10−7 [11]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	5.04±0.13 [11]   cgs
Temperature	786±20 [11]   K
Other designations
33 G. Librae, GJ 570, HD  131976, ADS 9446, WDS  J14575-2125
A: HR  5568, LAL  27173, HD  131977, BD-20°4125, LHS  387, LTT  5949, GCTP  3375.00, SAO  183040, FK5 1391, LFT 1161, LPM 551, Vys 726, HIP  73184
BC: HD  131976, HIP  73182, LHS  386, LTT  5948, BD-20°4123, SAO  183039, LFT 1160, LPM 550
D: 2MASS  J14571496-2121477
Database references
SIMBAD	A
	BC
	D
Exoplanet Archive	data
ARICNS	data

Gliese 570 (or 33 G. Librae) is a quaternary star system approximately 19 light-years away. The primary star is an orange dwarf star (much dimmer and smaller than the Sun). The other secondary stars are themselves a binary system, two red dwarfs that orbit the primary star. A brown dwarf has been confirmed to be orbiting in the system. In 1998, an extrasolar planet was thought to orbit the primary star, but it was discounted in 2000.

Distance and visibility

In the night sky, the Gliese 570 system lies in the southwestern part of Libra. The system is southwest of Alpha Librae and northwest of Sigma Librae. In the early 1990s, the European Hipparcos mission measured the parallax of components B and C, suggesting that the system was at a distance of 24.4 light-years from the Sun. This, however, was a relatively large error as Earth-based parallax and orbit observations suggest that the two stars are actually part of a system with Gliese 570 A, and must actually lie at the same distance.

Star system

The primary star of the system (component A) is an orange dwarf star that may just have over three fourths the mass of the Sun, about 77 percent of its radius, and only 15.6 percent of its visual luminosity. It has a separation of 190 astronomical units from the binary components B and C, moving in an eccentric orbit that takes at least 2130 years to complete. ^[12] Gliese 570 A is spectral type K4V and emits X-rays. ^[13] Radial velocities of the primary obtained in the course of an extrasolar planet search at Lick Observatory show a linear trend probably due to the orbital motion of the Gliese 570 BC system around the primary. ^[14]

A binary system in their own right, components B and C are both rather dim red dwarf stars that have less mass, radius, and luminosity than the Sun. Component B is spectral type M1V, component C is spectral type M3V, and both emit X-rays. ^[13]

An artist's impression of Gliese 570 D showing the primary stars

On January 15, 2000, astronomers announced that they had found one of the coolest brown dwarfs then known. Catalogued as Gliese 570 D, it was observed at a wide separation of more than 1,500 astronomical unit from the triple star system. ^[15] It has an estimated mass of 50 times that of Jupiter.

The status of Gliese 570 D as a brown dwarf was confirmed by Doppler spectroscopy at the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory in Chile. The surface temperature of this substellar object was found to be a relatively cool 500 degrees Celsius, making it cooler and less luminous than any other then-known brown dwarf (including the prototype "T" dwarf), and classifying the object as a T7-8V brown dwarf. No X-rays have been reported from this brown dwarf.

Search for planets

In 1998, an extrasolar planet was announced to orbit the primary star within the Gliese 570 system. The planet, identified as "Gliese 570 Ab", was considered doubtful and the claim was retracted in 2000. ^[16] No extrasolar planets have been confirmed to exist in this multiple star system thus far.

See also

• Epsilon Indi
• Gliese 229
• HD 188753
• Iota Horologii
• Phi² Pavonis
• List of nearest K-type stars

Notes

1. Calculated, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law and the star's effective temperature and luminosity, with respect to the solar nominal effective temperature of 5772  K :$${\displaystyle {\sqrt {{\biggl (}{\frac {5772}{3530}}{\biggr )}^{4}\cdot 10^{-1.276}}}=0.615\ R_{\odot }.}$$
2. Calculated, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law and the star's effective temperature and luminosity, with respect to the solar nominal effective temperature of 5772  K :$${\displaystyle {\sqrt {{\biggl (}{\frac {5772}{3304}}{\biggr )}^{4}\cdot 10^{-1.768}}}=0.399\ R_{\odot }.}$$

References

1. van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv: 0708.1752 , Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID   18759600
2. Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
3. Holmberg, J.; et al. (July 2009), "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 501 (3): 941–947, arXiv: 0811.3982 , Bibcode:2009A&A...501..941H, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811191, S2CID   118577511.
4. Evans, D. S. (1967). "The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities". Determination of Radial Velocities and Their Applications. 30: 57. Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E.
5. Merle, T.; Pourbaix, D.; Jorissen, A.; Siopis, C.; Eck, S. Van; Winckel, H. Van (2024-04-01). "Update of SB9 orbits using HERMES/Mercator radial velocities". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 684: A74. arXiv: 2312.09151 . Bibcode:2024A&A...684A..74M. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202345918 . ISSN   0004-6361.
6. Weinberger, Alycia J.; Boss, Alan P.; Keiser, Sandra A.; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Thompson, Ian B.; Burley, Gregory (2016). "Trigonometric Parallaxes and Proper Motions of 134 Southern Late M, L, and T Dwarfs from the Carnegie Astrometric Planet Search Program". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (1): 24. arXiv: 1604.05611 . Bibcode:2016AJ....152...24W. doi: 10.3847/0004-6256/152/1/24 . S2CID   119287203.
7. Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Walter, Frederick M.; Van Der Bliek, Nicole; Shara, Michael M.; Cruz, Kelle L.; West, Andrew A.; Vrba, Frederick J.; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem (2012). "The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). III. Parallaxes for 70 Ultracool Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 752 (1): 56. arXiv: 1203.5543 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...752...56F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/56. S2CID   18160586.
8. Demory, Brice-Olivier; Ségransan, Damien; Forveille, Thierry; Queloz, Didier; Beuzit, Jean-Luc; Delfosse, Xavier; Di Folco, Emmanuel; Kervella, Pierre; Le Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste; Perrier, Christian; Benisty, Myriam; Duvert, Gilles; Hofmann, Karl-Heinz; Lopez, Bruno; Petrov, Romain (October 2009). "Mass-radius relation of low and very low-mass stars revisited with the VLTI". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 505 (1): 205–215. arXiv: 0906.0602 . Bibcode:2009A&A...505..205D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911976. S2CID   14786643.
9. Rains, Adam D.; Ireland, Michael J.; White, Timothy R.; Casagrande, Luca; Karovicova, I. (April 2020). "Precision angular diameters for 16 southern stars with VLTI/PIONIER". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (2): 2377–2394. arXiv: 2004.02343 . Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.2377R. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa282 .
10. Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; White, Russel J. (2004-04-01). "An Assessment of Dynamical Mass Constraints on Pre-Main-Sequence Evolutionary Tracks". The Astrophysical Journal. 604 (2): 741. arXiv: astro-ph/0312189 . Bibcode:2004ApJ...604..741H. doi:10.1086/382021. ISSN   0004-637X.
11. Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Marley, Mark S.; Line, Michael R.; Best, William M. J. (2021-07-01). "Uniform Forward-Modeling Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs. I. Methodology and Benchmarking". The Astrophysical Journal. 916 (1): 53. arXiv: 2011.12294 . Bibcode:2021ApJ...916...53Z. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abf8b2 . ISSN   0004-637X.
12. "Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars". Archived from the original on 2009-04-12. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
13. Schmitt JHMM; Fleming TA; Giampapa MS (September 1995). "The X-Ray View of the Low-Mass Stars in the Solar Neighborhood". Astrophys. J. 450 (9): 392–400. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..392S. doi: 10.1086/176149 .
14. Howard, Andrew W.; Fulton, Benjamin J. (2016). "Limits on Planetary Companions from Doppler Surveys of Nearby Stars". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 128 (969). 114401. arXiv: 1606.03134 . Bibcode:2016PASP..128k4401H. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/969/114401. S2CID   118503912.
15. Burgasser; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cutri, Roc M.; McCallon, Howard; Kopan, Gene; Gizis, John E.; Liebert, James; Reid, I. Neill; et al. (2000). "Discovery of a Brown Dwarf Companion to Gliese 570ABC: A 2MASS T Dwarf Significantly Cooler than Gliese 229B". The Astrophysical Journal . 531 (1): L57 –L60. arXiv: astro-ph/0001194 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...531L..57B. doi:10.1086/312522. PMID   10673414. S2CID   19109066.
16. Kurster; et al. (2000). "The planet search program at the ESO Coud'e Echelle spectrometer I. Data modeling technique and radial velocity precision tests". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 362: 585–594. Bibcode:2000A&A...362..585E. Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2007-08-19.

External links

• "Gliese 570 / HR 5568 ABC". SolStation. Archived from the original on 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
• Bridges, Andrew (2000-01-17). "Astronomers Unveil Hot Photo of Cool Star". SPACE.com. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2008-06-12.