Golenkinia

Last updated

Golenkinia
Golenkinia-radiata-14-15705-g002 2a.png
Golenkinia radiata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Viridiplantae
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Sphaeropleales
Family: Neochloridaceae
Genus: Golenkinia
Chodat, 1894 [1]
Type species
Golenkinia radiata
Species [1]

Golenkinia is a genus of green algae first described in 1894 by Robert Chodat. [1] The genus is named for the Russian phycologist Mikhail Iljitsch Golenkin. [2] Golenkinia species live in fresh water (including bodies of black water such as Winyah Bay) [3] and are found around the world. [4]

Contents

Description

Members of Golenkinia are spherical unicellular organisms with numerous radiating spines. Their cell walls are notably thick, which distinguishes them from members of the genus Golenkinopsis . [5] They contain a single walled cup-shaped chloroplast, which in turn contains a pyrenoid in its base. [4] The pyrenoid is typically sheathed in starch. [5]

Species of Golenkinia are typically solitary and do not form colonies or coenobia except under laboratory conditions. [5] Their slender spines may become entangled, creating the false impression that the algae have formed a colony. [6]

Taxonomic status

The precise taxonomic status of Golenkinia is somewhat unclear due to the large number of revisions it has undergone. [7] It has traditionally been classed with other round, spine-bearing green algae, many of which are now assigned to the class Trebouxiophyceae. [8]

In 1982, Hanuš Ettl and Jiří Komárek placed Golenkinia with Chlorotetraedron and Polyedriopsis in the family Neochloridaceae, under the order Sphaeropleales. [7] In 1983, Komárek and Bohuslav Fott created the family Golenkiniaceae to contain unicellular algae with round cells that had spines on the cell wall. The genera Golenkinia and Polyedriopsis were placed within it. [7]

Subsequent analysis of 18S rDNA in 2003 has found that Golenkinia and Polyedriopsis are not in fact closely related. [9] The same research assigned Golenkinia to the order Chlamydomonadales. [9]

Further analysis in 2015 found that Golenkinia was loosely related to Jenufa and Treubaria , all together possibly representing a branch in Chlamydomonadales that would be a sister clade to order Sphaeropleales. [7] This proposed clade remains unnamed, and its taxonomy is still not completely clear, despite further rDNA analysis performed in 2017. [8]

Because of the frequent changes to its classification, some databases still show Golenkinia belonging to Golenkiniaceae. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorophyceae</span> Class of green algae

The Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. They are usually green due to the dominance of pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The chloroplast may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral- or ribbon-shaped in different species. Most of the members have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located in the chloroplast. Pyrenoids contain protein besides starch. Some green algae may store food in the form of oil droplets. They usually have a cell wall made up of an inner layer of cellulose and outer layer of pectose.

<i>Chlamydomonas</i> Genus of algae

Chlamydomonas is a genus of green algae consisting of about 150 species of unicellular flagellates, found in stagnant water and on damp soil, in freshwater, seawater, and even in snow as "snow algae". Chlamydomonas is used as a model organism for molecular biology, especially studies of flagellar motility and chloroplast dynamics, biogenesis, and genetics. One of the many striking features of Chlamydomonas is that it contains ion channels (channelrhodopsins) that are directly activated by light. Some regulatory systems of Chlamydomonas are more complex than their homologs in Gymnosperms, with evolutionarily related regulatory proteins being larger and containing additional domains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sphaeropleales</span> Order of algae

Sphaeropleales is an order of green algae that used to be called Chlorococcales. The order includes some of the most common freshwater planktonic algae such as Scenedesmus and Pediastrum. The Spaeropleales includes vegetatively non-motile unicellular or colonial taxa that have biflagellate zoospores with flagella that are directly opposed in direction : Sphaeroplea, Atractomorpha, Neochloris, Hydrodictyon, and Pediastrum. All of these taxa have basal body core connections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selenastraceae</span> Family of algae

Selenastraceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales. Members of this family are common components of the phytoplankton in freshwater habitats worldwide. A few species have been found in brackish and marine habitats, such as in the Baltic Sea.

<i>Ankistrodesmus</i> Genus of algae

Ankistrodesmus is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is one of the most common types of phytoplankton in freshwater habitats around the world.

Dictyochloris is a genus of green algae in the class Chlorophyceae. It is the sole genus of the family Dictyochloridaceae. It is commonly found in terrestrial and subaerial habitats.

<i>Dimorphococcus</i> Genus of algae

Dimorphococcus is a genus of fresh water green algae in the family Scenedesmaceae. It is found as a component of the phytoplankton of freshwater ponds, lakes, and peat bogs. It is widespread, but usually not very common.

<i>Kirchneriella</i> Genus of algae

Kirchneriella is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is found in freshwater habitats, as phytoplankton or metaphyton.

Podohedriella is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is found in freshwater habitats or on damp wood.

Polyedriopsis is a genus of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales. As of February 2022, it contained a single species, Polyedriopsis spinulosa. It is found worldwide in freshwater habitats as phytoplankton, but is rare.

Pseudomuriella is a genus of green algae, specifically of the class Chlorophyceae. It is the sole genus of the family Pseudomuriellaceae. It is a terrestrial alga that inhabits soils.

<i>Pseudopediastrum</i> Genus of algae

Pseudopediastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

<i>Selenastrum</i> Genus of algae

Selenastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is common in freshwater habitats around the world. Most species prefer temperate or warm-temperate waters.

<i>Stauridium</i> Genus of algae

Stauridium is a genus of green algae in the family Hydrodictyaceae. It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.

Treubaria is a genus of green algae, the sole genus in the family Treubariaceae. Treubaria is found in freshwater habitats and has a cosmopolitan distribution.

<i>Tetrastrum</i> Genus of algae

Tetrastrum is a genus of green algae (Chlorophyta). It is a common component of the phytoplankton of freshwater habitats, particularly eutrophic and alkaline waters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Characiaceae</span> Family of algae

Characiaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales. It contains epiphytic or planktonic algae that are unicellular or colonial. The cells are heteropolar, with basal and apical ends having different shapes. The daughter cells are often retained in the cell wall of the old mother cell, whose cell wall becomes gelatinized.

Deuterocharacium is a genus of green algae in the family Characiaceae. It is found in freshwater habitats, attached to algae or detritus. It is rare and has only been recorded from Europe.

Chlorotetraedron is a genus of green algae, in the family Neochloridaceae. The name may also be written as Chlorotetraëdon. It is found as freshwater plankton or in soil.

Chlorolobion, sometimes spelled Chlorolobium, is a genus of algae belonging to the family Selenastraceae. The species of this genus are found in freshwater habitats in Europe and America.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Golenkinia". AlgaeBase . World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
  2. ↑ Baker, A.L. et al. 2012.Golenkinia at Phycokey – an image-based key to Algae (PS Protista), Cyanobacteria, and other aquatic objects. University of New Hampshire Center for Freshwater Biology. 7 April 2018.
  3. ↑ Lawrenz, Evelyn; Pinckney, James L.; Ranhofer, Melissa L.; MacIntyre, Hugh L.; Richardson, Tammi L. (September 2010). "Spectral Irradiance and Phytoplankton Community Composition in a Blackwater-DominatedEstuary, Winyah Bay, South Carolina, USA". Estuaries and Coasts. Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation. 33 (5): 1193. doi:10.1007/s12237-010-9310-5. JSTOR   40863488. S2CID   84766894.
  4. 1 2 Hoek, Christiaan; Mann, David; Jahns, H. M. (1995). Algae: An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge University Press. p. 365. ISBN   9780521316873.
  5. 1 2 3 John, David M. (25 April 2002). The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. Cambridge University Press. p. 357. ISBN   9780521770514.
  6. ↑ "Golenkinia". Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Lemieux, Claude; Vincent, Antony T.; Labarre, Aurélie; Otis, Christian; Turmel, Monique (1 December 2015). "Chloroplast phylogenomic analysis of chlorophyte green algae identifies a novel lineage sister to the Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15: 264. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0544-5 . ISSN   1471-2148. PMC   4665822 . PMID   26620802.
  8. 1 2 Buchheim, Mark A.; Müller, Tobias; Wolf, Matthias (2017). "18S rDNA sequence-structure phylogeny of the Chlorophyceae with special emphasis on the Sphaeropleales". Plant Gene. 10: 45–50. doi:10.1016/j.plgene.2017.05.005.
  9. 1 2 Wolf, Matthias; Hegewald, Eberhard; Hepperle, Dominik; Krienitz, Lothar (1 July 2003). "Phylogenetic position of the Golenkiniaceae (Chlorophyta) as inferred from 18S rDNA sequence data". Biologia. 58: 433–436 – via ResearchGate.
  10. ↑ "Golenkinia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.