Growth hormone 2

Last updated
GH2
Protein GH2 PDB 1a22.png
Identifiers
Aliases GH2 , GH-V, GHL, GHV, hGH-V, GHB2, Growth hormone 2
External IDs OMIM: 139240 HomoloGene: 128757 GeneCards: GH2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

2689

n/a

Ensembl

ENSG00000136487

n/a

UniProt

P01242

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_022558
NM_002059
NM_022556
NM_022557

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002050
NP_072050
NP_072051
NP_072052

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 63.88 – 63.88 Mb n/a
PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Growth hormone 2 (GH2), also known more commonly as placental growth hormone (PGH) or growth hormone variant (GH-V), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GH2 gene. [3] [4] It is produced by and secreted from the placenta during pregnancy, and becomes the predominant form of growth hormone (GH) in the body during this time. [5] [6] Its cogener is growth hormone 1 (GH1), or pituitary growth hormone.

Contents

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones, playing an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17, where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement that is thought to have evolved through a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and the potential for specialization. As in the case of its pituitary counterpart, growth hormone 1, the predominant isoform of this particular family member shows similar somatogenic activity with reduced lactogenic activity. Mutations in this gene lead to placental growth hormone/lactogen deficiency. [4]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136487 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ↑ Barsh GS, Seeburg PH, Gelinas RE (Aug 1983). "The human growth hormone gene family: structure and evolution of the chromosomal locus". Nucleic Acids Res. 11 (12): 3939–58. doi:10.1093/nar/11.12.3939. PMC   326017 . PMID   6306568.
  4. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: GH2 growth hormone 2".
  5. ↑ Handwerger S, Freemark M (2000). "The roles of placental growth hormone and placental lactogen in the regulation of human fetal growth and development". J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 13 (4): 343–56. doi:10.1515/jpem.2000.13.4.343. PMID   10776988. S2CID   28778529.
  6. ↑ Lacroix MC, Guibourdenche J, Frendo JL, Muller F, Evain-Brion D (2002). "Human placental growth hormone--a review". Placenta. 23 Suppl A: S87–94. doi:10.1053/plac.2002.0811. PMID   11978064.

Further reading


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