Gymnothorax

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Gymnothorax
Gymnothorax maderensis - pone.0010676.g007.png
Gymnothorax maderensis
Gymnothorax tile (Hamilton, 1822).jpg
Gymnothorax tile
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Anguilliformes
Family: Muraenidae
Subfamily: Muraeninae
Genus: Gymnothorax
Bloch, 1795
Type species
Gymnothorax reticularis [1]
Bloch, 1795

Gymnothorax is a genus of fish in the family Muraenidae found in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. With more than 120 species, it the most speciose genus of moray eels.

Contents

Smith (2012) noted that Gymnothorax as currently recognized is polyphyletic, but cautioned that comparative studies are needed before action is taken to resurrect generic synonyms of Gymnothorax. [2]

Species

Both FishBase and World Register of Marine Species recognize a total of 128 valid species in the genus. [3] [4] However, each database includes three species that the other does not list, which are noted in the list below.

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 G. indicus, G. mishrai, and G. odishi are listed in FishBase, but not in WoRMS.
  2. 1 2 3 G. microspila, G. sagenodeta, and G. visakhaensis are listed in WoRMS, but not in FishBase.

Related Research Articles

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<i>Uropterygius</i> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kidako moray</span> Species of fish

The Kidako moray is a species of marine fish in the family Muraenidae. It inhabits coral reefs or lagoons and could be found in tropical and subtropical seas near Taiwan, Japan, and Australia. The species is diurnal, which means it is more active in the daytime than the nighttime. It is also piscivorous: it consumes fish, octopus, and squid. Other than the Kidako moray, there are about 200 species of moray eels in the Muraenidae family. The Kidako moray would not attack humans unless they are provoked. However, due to the menacing looks of the Kidako moray and moray eels in general, they are feared by divers and snorkelers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fimbriated moray</span> Species of fish

The fimbriated moray, also known as dark-spotted moray or spot-face moray, is a moray eel of the family Muraenidae.

Scuticaria okinawae is a moray eel found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is commonly known as the shorttailed snake moray, shorttail moray, Seale's moray eel, or the Bennett's moray.

Gymnothorax eurygnathos is a moray eel found in the eastern central Pacific Ocean, around the Gulf of California. It was first named by Eugenia B. Böhlke in 2001.

Gymnothorax polyspondylus is a moray eel found in the eastern central Pacific, around Hawaii. It was first named by E.B. Böhlke and J.E. Randall in 2000, and is commonly known as the manyvertebrae moray.

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The Flores mud moray is an eel in the family Muraenidae. It was described by John E. McCosker and John Ernest Randall in 2008. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from Indonesia, in the western Pacific Ocean. It is known to dwell at a depth range of 3–4 m. Males can reach a maximum total length of 29.9 cm.

Gymnothorax hansi is an eel in the family Muraenidae. It was described by Phillip C. Heemstra in 2004. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from reefs around Grand Comoro Island, in the Indian Ocean. It is known to dwell at a maximum depth of 143 m (469 ft).

The black body moray is an eel in the family Muraenidae. It was described by Loh Kar-Hoe, Shao Kwang-Tsao, and Chen Hong-Ming in 2011. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from southeastern Taiwan, off Changbin, Taitung to Shihtiping, Hualien City and in the Pacific Ocean. Males are known to reach a maximum total length of 49.6 cm, while females are known to reach a maximum of 50.4 cm.

Gymnothorax shaoi, or Shao's moray eel, is an eel in the family Muraenidae. It is a marine, temperate-water eel known from Taiwan, in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Males are known to reach a maximum total length of 60.8 cm.

Gymnothorax andamanensis is a species from the moray eel family found in South Andaman, India. The dorsal fin is situated behind the gill, its teeth is flat and a black rim covers the jaw opening. It has around 135 to 136 vertebrae. This mid-sized fish is brown and it has an unpatterned body. It is fairly long with a dull snout and smooth teeth.

Gymnothorax aurocephalus is a species of moray eel described on the basis of 4 specimens found in depths of 125 to 130 m. It was found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The body which is deep-brown in color is covered by white spots. Its sharp, jagged teeth are arranged in a single series.

Gymnothorax indicus is a species of moray eel described as being brown and long. It's native to northern Bengal, India. The species has around 194 vertebrae.

Gymnothorax mishrai is a species of fish from the moray eel family. A single specimen was used to describe the species. It measured a total of 324 mm (12.8 in). The specimen was caught off the Bay of Bengal in India. The species is brown in color and plain, they also have brown-rimmed jaw pores and 134 vertebrae.

Gymnothorax odishi is a species of fish from the genus Gymnothorax. Nearly a dozen specimens were caught off India's east coast. The species is distinguishable due to its dark-rimmed jaw pores, brown color, a little dark blotch situated at the back of the eye, and dark-rimmed gill openings. The species has around 133–138 vertebrae.

Gymnothorax visakhaensis is a species of fish native to India. It has a maximum length of 31.1 cm (12.2 in). This long, brown fish has a dull snout and 163-169 vertebrae.

Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis is a species of moray eel native to the southeast coast of India, more specifically the Bay of Bengal, on the coast of Tamil Nadu. The body lacks any pattern of spots or stripes, and is very short compared to other morays. The first specimens of the species were collected at a depth of 25–30 meters.

References

  1. Jordan, David Starr (1926). "Opinion 93: Twelve Generic Names of Fishes Placed in the Official List, by Suspension of the Rules". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 73 (4): 5–11.
  2. Smith, D. G., 2012. A checklist of the moray eels of the world (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Zootaxa No. 3474: 1-64.
  3. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Gymnothorax in FishBase . June 2016 version.
  4. "Gymnothorax Bloch, 1795". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  5. Mohapatra, Anil; Kiruba-Sankar, R.; Praveenraj, J.; Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan (2019-08-27). "A new short brown unpatterned moray eel Gymnothorax andamanensis (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman waters, India". Zootaxa. 4661 (1): 189–196. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.11. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   31716725. S2CID   202849896.
  6. Nashad, M.; Mohapatra, Anil; Varghese, Sijo P.; Ramalingam, L.; K, Bineesh K.; Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan (2020-11-10). "A new white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman Sea, India". Zootaxa. 4877 (2): 361–372. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4877.2.8. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   33311194. S2CID   228863906.
  7. Sithole, Yonela; Smith, David G.; Mwale, Monica; Gouws, Gavin (2020). "A Taxonomic Revision of Gymnothorax undulatus (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) in the Western Indian Ocean, with Description of A New Species". Zootaxa. 4767 (1): 161–181. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4767.1.7. S2CID   218992195.
  8. Prokofiev, A.M. (2010): Two New Species of Fishes from Families Muraenidae (Anguilliformes) and Mugiloididae (Perciformes) from the Waters of Vietnam. Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Ichthyology, 50 (8): 580-589.
  9. Mohapatra, A., Ray, D., Smith, D.G. & Mishra, S.S. (2016): A new species of elongate unpatterned moray eel of the genus Gymnothorax (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4150 (5): 591–598.
  10. Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T. & Chen, H.-M. (2011): Gymnothorax melanosomatus, a new moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from southeastern Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3134: 43–52.
  11. Ray, D., Mohapatra, A. & Smith, D.G. (2015): A new species of Short Brown Unpatterned Moray Eel of the Genus Gymnothorax (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Bay of Bengal. Zootaxa, 4027 (1): 140–144.
  12. Mohapatra, A., S. R. Mohanty, D. G. Smith, S. S. Mishra and S. Roy 2018. Gymnothorax odishi sp. nov. (Muraenidae: Muraeninae), a short brown unpatterned moray eel from Bay of Bengal, India. Zootaxa 4420 (no. 1): 123-130.
  13. Loh, K.-H., Shao, K.-T., Ho, H.-C., Lim, P.-E. & Chen, H.-M. (2015): A new species of moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from Taiwan, with comments on related elongate unpatterned species. Zootaxa, 4060 (1): 30-40.