Haplogroup LT

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Haplogroup LT
Haplogroup LT (L298-P326).png
Possible time of origin49,600-41,400 years BP [1]
Ancestor K
Descendants L, T
Defining mutationsL298 and P326

Haplogroup LT or L298/P326, also known as K1 (and previously as Haplogroup K2), is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Its defining SNP mutations are L298 and P326.

Contents

No confirmed cases of the basal paragroup LT* have been identified among living males or human remains.

Structure

It is generally believed that LT (L298/P326) originated somewhere in Asia.

LT is a direct descendant of haplogroup K (M9).

The direct descendants of LT are haplogroup L (M20), also known as K1a, and haplogroup T (M184), also known as K1b. [2] [3]

The modern distribution of haplogroup L in South Asia and West Asia. Distribution Haplogroup L Y-DNA.svg
The modern distribution of haplogroup L in South Asia and West Asia.
The modern distribution of haplogroup T in Africa, Asia and Europe. Distribution Haplogroup T Y-DNA II.svg
The modern distribution of haplogroup T in Africa, Asia and Europe.
The modern distribution within Europe of haplogroups L and T. LT-L298 Place of origin.png
The modern distribution within Europe of haplogroups L and T.

Distribution

Y-DNA haplogroup LT is an old lineage widely distributed at low concentrations. It was established approximately 30,000-40,000 years ago, probably in South Asia or West Asia.

Its descendants are found mainly in populations indigenous to the Horn of Africa, North Africa, South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia and Europe.

L-M20 is found at its highest frequency in India, Pakistan and among the Balochs of Afghanistan, and at low frequencies in the Middle East and Europe.

T-M184 is most common in the Horn of Africa, the Nile Valley, the Arabian peninsula, Iran, as well as in some regions of Eastern India and Europe.

Related Research Articles

Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia is the study of the genetics and archaeogenetics of the ethnic groups of South Asia. It aims at uncovering these groups' genetic history. The geographic position of South Asia makes its biodiversity important for the study of the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans across Asia.

Haplogroup J (Y-DNA) Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia. The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Socotra, the Caucasus, Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup CF alongside Haplogroup F. Haplogroup C is found in ancient populations on every continent except Africa and is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among males belonging to many peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, North America and Australia as well as a some populations in Europe, the Levant, and later Japan. The haplogroup is also found with moderate to low frequency among many present-day populations of Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Southwest Asia.

Haplogroup E-M96 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is one of the two main branches of the older and ancestral haplogroup DE, the other main branch being haplogroup D. The E-M96 clade is divided into two main subclades: the more common E-P147, and the less common E-M75.

Haplogroup F-M89

Haplogroup F, also known as F-M89 and previously as Haplogroup FT is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup. The clade and its subclades constitute over 90% of paternal lineages outside of Africa.

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA), also known as H-L901/M2939 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.

Haplogroup K or K-M9 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A sublineage of haplogroup IJK, K-M9 and its descendant clades represent a geographically widespread and diverse haplogroup. The lineages have long been found among males on every continent.

Haplogroup L-M20

Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185. As a secondary descendant of haplogroup K and a primary branch of haplogroup LT, haplogroup L currently has the alternative phylogenetic name of K1a, and is a sibling of haplogroup T.

Haplogroup R1, or R-M173, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A primary subclade of Haplogroup R (R-M207), it is defined by the SNP M173. The other primary subclade of Haplogroup R is Haplogroup R2 (R-M479).

Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Type of genetic haplogroup

In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome. Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and types of mutations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Haplogroup R, or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is both numerous and widespread amongst modern populations.

Haplogroup R2a, or haplogroup R-M124, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic markers M124, P249, P267, L266, and is mainly found in South Asia as well as in Central Asia, Caucasus, Southwest Asia, and the Arab countries with low frequencies.

Haplogroup IJ (M429/P125) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, an immediate descendant of Haplogroup IJK. IJK is a branch of Haplogroup HIJK.

Haplogroup DE is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations, or UEPs, M1(YAP), M145(P205), M203, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183. DE is unique because it is distributed in several geographically distinct clusters. An immediate subclade, haplogroup D, is mainly found in East Asia, parts of Central Asia, and the Andaman Islands, but also sporadically in West Africa and West Asia. The other immediate subclade, haplogroup E, is common in Africa, and to a lesser extent the Middle East and Europe.

Haplogroup CT

Haplogroup CT is a human Y chromosome haplogroup, defining one of the major paternal lineages of humanity.

Haplogroup K2, also known as K-M526 and formerly known as K(xLT) and MNOPS, is a human Y-DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), previously known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.

Haplogroup K2b (Y-DNA) Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup K2b (P331), also known as MPS is a human y-chromosome haplogroup that is thought to be less than 3,000 years younger than K, and less than 10,000 years younger than F, meaning it probably is around 50,000 years old, according to the age estimates of Tatiana Karafet et al. 2014.

HaplogroupGHIJK, defined by the SNPs M3658, F1329, PF2622, and YSC0001299, is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. This macrohaplogroup and its subclades contain the vast majority of the world's existing male population.

References

  1. ↑ YFull YTree v4.02
  2. ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy, 2015, Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 (30 May 2015).
  3. ↑ Chiaroni, J.; Underhill, P. A.; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (December 2009). "Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (48): 20174–9. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620174C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0910803106 . JSTOR   25593348. PMC   2787129 . PMID   19920170.
Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1] [χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T   [χ 3]
A0 A1   [χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1   F2   F3   GHIJK
G HIJK
IJK H
IJ K
I    J      LT   [χ 5]        K2   [χ 6]
L      T     K2a   [χ 7]         K2b   [χ 8]      K2c      K2d K2e   [χ 9]   
K-M2313   [χ 10]      K2b1   [χ 11] P   [χ 12]
NO    S   [χ 13]   M   [χ 14]     P1      P2
N O Q R
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