Haplogroup IJK

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Haplogroup IJK
Possible time of origin49,000-59,000 BP [1]
Possible place of originEurasia
Ancestor Haplogroup HIJK
Descendants IJ, K
Defining mutationsL15/S137, L16/S138, L69.1(=G)/S163.1

Haplogroup IJK is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. IJK is a primary branch of the macrohaplogroup HIJK. Its direct descendants are haplogroup IJ and haplogroup K. [2]

Contents

Distribution and structure

IJK has not been reported in modern populations or in ancient human remains. Previously basal paragroup HIJK* was reported in a Mesolithic European (Magdalenian), GoyetQ-2, and Upper Paleolithic European (Gravettian), Vestonice16. [3] Later study in 2023 with high quality sequencing of Magdalenian, GoyetQ-2, Gravettian, Vestonice16 were assigned with Haplogroup I. [4]

Populations with high proportions of males who belong to descendant major haplogroups of Haplogroup HIJK live across widely dispersed areas and populations. Subclades of IJK are now concentrated in males native to:

Structure

Basic phylogeny

  • IJK
    • IJK (L15/S137, L16/S138, L69.1(=G)/S163.1)
      • IJ (M429/P125, P123, P124, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22)
      • K (M9, P128, P131, P132)

Phylogenetic tree

Haplogroup IJK†
IJ
I

I1 found mainly in Northern Europe.

I2 found mainly in South-Eastern Europe

J

J1 found mainly in the Caucasus and Middle East.

J2 found mainly in the Caucasus, Western Asia, Near East, Central Asia, South Asia and Southern Europe.

K†
LT†

L found mainly in Central Asia, South Asia and Western Asia.

T now concentrated in the West Anatolia, Horn of Africa, the Arabian subcontinent, India and Eurasia.

K2

K2* – the basal subclade is found at significant levels among indigenous Australians. Also found at Mandar and Toba Batak one of the Indigenous Tribe in Sundaland. [5]

NO*  † (found only in the remains of  Ust'-Ishim man,<br /> dating from 45,000 BP  [6] ) →  NO1  (K2a) 

NO1* †

N found mainly in Northern Asia and Northern Europe.

O found mainly in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.

K2b†

K2b1*† – subclades of K2b1 include the major haplogroups M and S ; these are now found mainly among Papuan peoples, Micronesian peoples, indigenous Australians, and Polynesians

P  (K2b2)

P* rare; found mostly in Island South East Asia, Eastern Siberia and Central Asia

P1 – the primary subclades are major haplogroups Q and R , which are now numerically dominant in Central Asia, Europe, South Asia, the Middle East and among Native Americans

P2 extremely rare and found only in the Philippines

K2c – rare lineage, found mainly in males from Bali [7]

K2d – rare lineage, found mainly in Java

K2e – rare lineage, found only in two living males from South India [7]

† = A basal haplogroup that has not been documented among living individuals.

(Based on the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research. [8] )

Mutation

L15

The defining SNP L15 is located at Y chromosomal location rs9786139 with the ancestral value being A and the derived value being G .

L16

The defining SNP L16 is at location rs9786714 with the ancestral value being G and the derived value being A.

See also

References

  1. ↑ The remains of Ust'-Ishim man, dating from 45,000 BP have been found to be NO*, meaning that IJK must be significantly older.
  2. ↑ "FTDNA Advanced SNP Descriptions". Archived from the original on 2010-12-27. Retrieved 2008-11-06.
  3. ↑ Fu, Q.; Posth, C.; Hajdinjak, M.; Petr, M.; Mallick, S.; Fernandes, D.; Furtwängler, A.; Haak, W.; Meyer, M.; Mittnik, A.; Nickel, B.; Peltzer, A.; Rohland, N.; Slon, V.; Talamo, S.; Lazaridis, I.; Lipson, M.; Mathieson, I.; Schiffels, S.; Skoglund, P.; Derevianko, A. P.; Drozdov, N.; Slavinsky, V.; Tsybankov, A.; Cremonesi, R. G.; Mallegni, F.; Gély, B.; Vacca, E.; González Morales, M. R.; et al. (2016). "The genetic history of Ice Age Europe". Nature. 534 (7606): 200–205. Bibcode:2016Natur.534..200F. doi:10.1038/nature17993. PMC   4943878 . PMID   27135931.
  4. ↑ Posth, Cosimo; et al. (March 2023). "Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers". Nature. 615 (7950): 117–126. Bibcode:2023Natur.615..117P. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0. hdl: 10256/23099 . ISSN   1476-4687 . Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  5. ↑ " caption caption="Mark Lipson et al (2014)
  6. ↑ Fu, Qiaomei; Li, Heng; Moorjani, Priya; Jay, Flora; Slepchenko, Sergey M.; Bondarev, Aleksei A.; Johnson, Philip L. F.; Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer; Prüfer, Kay; De Filippo, Cesare; Meyer, Matthias; Zwyns, Nicolas; Salazar-García, Domingo C.; Kuzmin, Yaroslav V.; Keates, Susan G.; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Razhev, Dmitry I.; Richards, Michael P.; Peristov, Nikolai V.; Lachmann, Michael; Douka, Katerina; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Slatkin, Montgomery; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Reich, David; Kelso, Janet; Viola, T. Bence; Pääbo, Svante (2014). "Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia" (PDF). Nature. 514 (7523): 445–449. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..445F. doi:10.1038/nature13810. PMC   4753769 . PMID   25341783. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-26.
  7. 1 2 Tatiana M. Karafet, Fernando L. Mendez, Herawati Sudoyo, J. Stephen Lansing and Michael F. Hammer; 2015, "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia", European Journal of Human Genetics, no. 23 (March), pp. 369–73.
  8. ↑ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (2008). "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree". Genome Research. 18 (5): 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC   2336805 . PMID   18385274.
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