Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus

Various Y-DNA haplogroups have differing frequencies within each ethnolinguistic group in the Caucasus region.

Table

The table below lists the frequencies – identified by major studies – of various haplogroups amongst selected ethnic groups from the Caucasus. The first two columns list the ethnic and linguistic affiliations of the individuals studied, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup.

Language family abbreviations:
IE Indo-European
NEC Northeast Caucasian
NWC Northwest Caucasian
Kartvelian South Caucasian

Population	Language	n	E1b1b	G	I	J1	J2	L	R1a	R1b	R2a	T	Others	Reference
Abaza (Abazins/Abazinians)	NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh)	14	0	29	0	See "Others".	7	See "Others".	14	0	0	See "Others".	K[xP]=14 (possible L or T) [1] C*=7 (1/14) F[xI,G,J2,K]=29 (possible J1)	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Abaza (Abazins/Abazinians)	NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh)	88	4.5	40.9	I2*=1.1 I2a=2.3	J1*=2.3 J1e=3.4	M67=1.1 other=10.2	2.3=L2	23.9	3.4	1.1	0.0	3.4=Q	Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Abkhaz	NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh)	12	0	0	33	0	25	0	33.0	8	0	0		Nasidze 2004a [2]
Abkhaz	NWC (Abkhaz-Abaza)	58	1.7	56.9 [4]	0	0	J2*=5.2 J2-M67=8.6	3.4=L2	10.3	12.1		1.7		Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Abkhaz	NWC (Abkhaz-Abaza)	162	0.6	47.5	3.1 (P37.2=0.6, M223=1.9)	3.1 (P58=1.2)	26.5 (M67=11.1)	2.5	13.0	7.4	0	0	N=0.6	Yunusbaev2012 [6]
Adygei (Kabardin)	NWC (Adigei)	59	0	28.8	10.2	See "Others".	11.9	See "Others".	1.7	1.7	0	See "Others".	F[xG,I,J2,K]=23.7 (possible J1) K[xP]=15.3 (possible L) P[xR1,R2]=6.8	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Adygei (Kabardin)	NWC (Adygei)	140	2.1	43.6	I1=1.4 I2*=0.7 I2a=2.1	J1e=2.8 J1*=6.4	M67=5.7 J2a*=9.3 J2b=0.7	0.7=L3	15.0	3.6	0.0	0.7	C=2.1, H=0.7 N1c=1.4, Q=0.7	Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Adygei/ "Circassians" [a]	NWC (Adygei)		0.0 [7]	31.3 [8]	I*=1.4 I2a=2.9 [9]									various
Adygei/ ("Adygea")	NWC (Adygei)	154	0.6	47.4	I2*=1.3 I2a=3.2	J1e=1.3 J1*=1.9	M67=3.2 J2a*=5.8 J2b=1.9	L2=1.9 L1=0.6	14.3	7.1	0.0	0.0	C=2.6 N=0.6	Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Adygei (Shapsugs)	NWC (Adygei)	106		81.1										Dibirova 2009 [8]
Adygei (Shapsugs)	NWC (Adygei)	100	1.0	87.0 [10]	0	0	6.0	2.0=L*	4.0	0		0		Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Adygei ("Cherkess") [b]	NWC (Adygei)	142	1.4	39.8 [11]	0.7=I*	J1e=0.7 J1*=4.9	J2-M67=7.7 J2b=0.7 other=13.4	0.7=L1	19.7	4.9		0.7	N1*=1.4 N1c1=2.1 Q=0.7	Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Adygei ("Cherkess")	NWC (Adygei)	126	0.8	45.2	I1=0.8 I2b=0.8	J1e=4.0 J1*=0.8	M67=13.5 other=11.1	0.0	15.1	1.6	0.8	0.0	C=0.8, K*=1.6 N1c1=2.4, Q=0.8	Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Andis	NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic)	49	2.0	6.1	I1=2.0 I2a=24.5	J1*=36.7	M67=14.3 other=4.1	0.0	2.0	6.1	0.0	2.0		Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Armenians	IE (Armenian)	89	3.4	29.2					5.6	24.7		3.4		Rosser 2000 [12]
Armenians	IE (Armenian)	47	4.3	F*	4.3	F*	21.3	4.3	8.5	36.2	0	6.4	F[xI,J2,K]=12.8 N=2	Wells 2001 [13]
Armenians	IE (Armenian)	100	6.0	11.0	5.0	See "Others".	24.0	See "Others".	6.0	19.0	2.0	4.0 [1]	F[xI,G,J2,K]=18.0 (possible J1) K[xT,P]=3.0 (possible L) [1] P[xR1a,R1b,R2]=2.0	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Armenians	IE (Armenian)	734	5.4						5.3	32.4			1.6	Weale 2001 [14]
Armenians (TOTAL)	IE (Armenian)	413	5.1	P16= 0.5 G2a*= 8.2 G1=0.7	I2=3.6	J1e= 4.4 J*=6.3	M67= 10.7 J2a* = 13.3 J2b= 1.5	1.9	1.7	29.1	4.6	8.5	N=0.2 Q=0.2	Herrara2012
Armenians (Ararat Valley)	IE (Armenian)	110	5.5	P16=0 G2a*=9.1 G1=1.8	I2=2.7	J1e=6.4 J1*=8.2	M67=12.7 J2a*=10.0 J2b=0.9	0.9	0.9	37.3	0.0	3.6	0.0	Herrara2012
Armenians (Sason)	IE (Armenian)	104	2.9	P16= 1.9 G2a*=10.6	0.0	J1e= 2.9 J1* = 6.7	M67= 7.7 J2a* = 9.6 J2b = 0	3.8	1.0	15.4	17.3	20.2		Herrara2012
Avars	NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar)	42	7.1	0.0	0.0	66.7	4.8	9.5	2.4	2.4	2.4	4.8		Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Avars	NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar)	115	0.0	P18=0.9 P303=9.6	I*=0.9 I2a=0.9	J1e=0.9 J1*=58.3	M67=0.9 other=5.2	L2=2.6	1.7	14.8	0.9	0.0	N=1.7	Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Avars (West) [c]	NEC (Avar-Andic)	20	0	G[xG1,G2a, G2b]=5	0	J1*=60 J1e=20	10	0	0	5				Caciagli 2009 [15]
Azeris (Azerbaijan)	Turkic	72	5.6	18.1	2.8	F	30.6	6.9 [1]	6.9	11.1	2.8	4.2 [1]	F[xG,I,J2,K]=11	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Azerbaijanis	Turkic	v	4.1 [7]			15.2 [16]	23.9 [16]							various
Bagvalins	NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic)	28	0.0	0.0	I2b1=7.1	21.4	0.0	0.0	3.6	67.9	0.0	0.0		Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Balkars	Turkic	38	2.6	28.9	I2*=2.6	0	M67=5.3 J2b=2.6 other=15.8	L2=5.3	13.2	13.2	7.9	0.0	H=2.6	Battaglia 2009 [17]
Balkars	Turkic	135	0	32.6	3.0 (all P37.2)	3.7 (P58=0.0)	15.6 (M67=9.6)	0	28.1	13.3	0	0	Q=3.7%, no others.	Yunusbaev 2012 [6]
Chamalins	NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic)	27	0.0	18.5	0.0	66.7	3.7	3.7	7.4	0.0	0.0	0.0		Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Chechens (East Chechnya)	NEC (Nakh)	19	0	5	0		26	5	5	0	16	5 [1]	F[xG,I,J2,K]=32	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Chechens (Total) [d]	NEC (Nakh)	330	0.0	5.4 [18]	I2=0.3	J1*=20.9	M67=55.2 J2b=0.3 other=1.2	L3=7.0	3.9	1.8	3.3	0.0		Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Chechens (Achkhoy-Martan, Chechnya)	NEC (Nakh)	118	0	0.8 (P303)	I2=0.8	J1*=24.6	M67=56.8 other=0.8	L3=6.8	2.5	3.4	3.4	0		Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Chechens (Malgobek, Ingushetia)	NEC (Nakh)	112	0	9.0 [19]	0	21.4	M67=50.9 J2b=0.9 other=1.8	L3=0.9	8.0	0.9	6.3	0		Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Chechens (mainly Akkis, in Dagestan)	NEC (Nakh)	100	0	7.0 [20]	0	16.0	M67=58.0 other=1.0	L3=14.0	1.0	1.0	0	0	N=2.0	Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Chechens	NEC (Nakh)	165	1.2	1.8	0.0	24.2 P58=0.0	48.5 M67=46.7	17.6	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.0	N=0.6 Q=4.8	Yunusbaev 2012 [6]
Dargins	NEC (Dargin)	68	0	2.9	0	91.2	2.9	0.0	0.0	2.9	0.0	0.0		Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Dargins	NEC (Dargin)	26	4	4	58	See "Others".	4	0	0	4	0	0	F[xG,I,J2,K]=27	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Dargins (Dargwa)	NEC (Dargin)	101	0	P303=1.0 other=1	0	J1*=69.3 J1e=1	M67=1.0	0	21.8	2.0	0	0	O3=3	Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Dargins (Kaitaks)	NEC (Dargin)	33	0	0	0	J1*=84.8	3.3	0	3.3	6.7	3.3	0		Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Dargins (Kubachis)	NEC (Dargin)	65	0	0	I2a=1.5	J1*=98.5	0	0	0	0	0	0		Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Georgians	Kartvelian (Karto-Zan)	63	2.0	30.1	0.0	J=36.5		1.6	7.9	14.3	6.3	1.6		Semino 2000 [21]
Georgians	Kartvelian (Karto-Zan)	66	3.0	31.8	I1*=1.5	4.5	M67=18.2 other=13.6	L3=1.6	10.6	9.1	4.5	1.6		Battaglia 2009 [17]
Georgians	Kartvelian (Karto-Zan)	77	2.6	31.2	3.9	F	20.8	2.6 [1]	10.4	10.4	1.3	2.6 [1]	K[xP]=2.6 P[xR1,R2]=2.6 F[xG,I,J2,K]=14.3	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Svans	Kartvelian (Svan)	25	0	F*	0	F*	0	0	8	0	0	0	F[xG,I,J2,K]= 92%	Wells 2001 [13]
Georgians (Kazbegis)	Kartvelian (Karto-Zan) [e]	25	0	F	4	F	72	0	4	8	0	0	F[xG,I,J2,K]=12	Wells 2001 [13]
Ingush	NEC (Nakh)	143	0	P18=1.4	0.7	2.8	M67=87.4 other=1.4	L3=2.8	3.5	0		0		Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Ingush	NEC (Nakh)	22	0	5.0	5	0	32	5	0	0	0	0	F[xG,I,J2,K]=27 P[xR1,R2]=4.5(1/22)	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Ingush	NEC (Nakh)	105	0.0	4.8	0.0	1.9	81.9 (all M67)	8.6	2.9	0	0	0		Yunusbaev 2012 [6]
Juhurim	AA (Semitic)	10	0	0	0	30 (all P58)	50 (M67=10%)	20	0	0	0	0		Yunusbaev 2012 [6]
Karachays	Turkic	69	0	31.9	8.7 (P37.2=7.2, M223=1.5)	7.2 (P58=2.9)	11.6 (M67=5.8)	0	27.5	10.1	0	2.9	0.0	Yunusbaev 2012 [6]
Kumyks	Turkic	76	2.6	11.8	0.0	21.1	25.0	0.0	13.2	19.7	3.9	1.3	J*=1.3 O=1.3	Yunusbaev 2012 [6]
Laks	NEC (Lak)	21	9.5	4.8	14.3	42.9	14.3	0.0	9.5	4.8	0.0	0.0		Caciagli 2009 [15]
Lezgins (Azerbaijan)	NEC (Lezgic)	12	17		0	See "Others".	0		8	17	0		F[xI,J2,K]=58	Wells 2001 [13]
Lezgins (Dagestan)	NEC (Lezgic)	25	0	36	0	See "Others".	0		0	4	0	See "Others".	F[xI,G,J2,K]=32 (possible J1) K[xR]=28	Nasidze 2003 [1]
Lezgins	NEC (Lezgic)	31	6.5	9.7	9.7	58.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	16.1	0.0	0.0		Yunusbaev 2012 [6]
Lezgins (Akhtynskiy District)	NEC (Lezgic)	81	1.2	13.5 (P18=1.2%)	0	44.4 J1*	2.5	1.2 L2	3.7	29.6	0	2.5	1.2 N1c1	Balanovsky 2011 [5]
Kara Nogai	Turkic	76	0	1.3	13.2 I-P37.2	2.6 J*	10.5 (M67 = 1.3%)	0	17.1	18.4	0	0	C=10.5 D=5.3 N=14.5 O=5.3 Q=1.3	Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Kuban Nogai	Turkic	87}	0	13.8	0	21.8	16.1 M67=3.4%	0	12.6	17.2	0	1.1	C=8.0% D=1.1% N=4.6% O=3.4% Q=0.0%	Yunusbayev 2012 [3]
Ossetes	IE (Iranian, NE)	47	6.4			J=34.0			2.1	42.6				Rosser 2000 [12]
North Ossetians	IE (Iranian, NE)	129	0	57.4	10.1	See "Others".	14.0		0.8	0.8	1.6	See "Others".	F[xI,G,J2,K]=3.9 (possible J1) K[xP]=9.3 (possible L) P[xR1,R2]=2.3	Nasidze 2004b [22]
North Ossetians (Iron)	IE (Iranian, NE)	230	0.4	74.3 [23]	0	1.3	M67=11.3 other=7.0	L2=0.9	0.4	3.0		0	N=0.4 Q=0.9	Balanovsky 2011 [5]
North Ossetians (Digor)	IE (Iranian, NE)	127	0.8	60.6 [24]	0	3.9	M67=5.5 other=6.3	L1=0.8	0.8	16.5		0.8	Q=3.9	Balanovsky 2011 [5]
North Ossetians	IE (Iranian, NE)	132	1.5	69.7	0.0	3.8	18.2 (M67=9.8)	0.8	0.8	4.5	0	0	Q = 0.8	Yunusbaev 2012 [6]
Russians (Adygea)	IE (Slavic, East)	78			24.4									Rootsi 2004 [9]
Rutuls	NEC (Lezgic)	24	0.0	37.5	0.0	F	4.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	F[xG,I,J2,K]=58	Nasidze 2004a [2]
Tabassarans	NEC (Lezgic)	43	0.0	0.0	0.0	48.8	2.3	0.0	2.3	39.5	0.0	0.0	C=7.0	Yunusbaev 2012 [6]

See also

• Caucasus
  • Peoples of the Caucasus
  • Languages of the Caucasus
• Y-DNA haplogroups by groups

• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
• Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
• Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas

Notes

1. despite the fact that Shapsugs were also technically "Circassian", Dibirova labels this population "Circassians". In Rootsi, they are called "Adygei", or some variation of the word.
2. These are labeled "Circassians" (at least in the English version), but the sample was taken from the Karacheyo-Cherkess Republic, so they are labeled "Cherkess" here.
3. This is significant, as in Western Avaria, where the population was sampled, there are large number of non-Avars- Andic and Dido peoples- who are in fact ethnically misclassified as Avars by the Dagestani census.
4. Made by combining the Malgobek, Achkhoy-Martan and Khasavyurt Chechen populations
5. Although the Kazbegi Georgians speak Georgian, and have most likely done so for centuries, it is theorized by some that their (possible) ancestors, the Tzanars, who inhabited the region in Medieval and Ancient times, were a Nakh-speaking people, like Chechens and Ingush, possibly accounting for their large frequencies of J2

References

1. Nasidze 2003
2. Nasidze 2004a
3. Yunusbayev 2012
4. P18=12.1
   P303=20.7
   other=24.1
5. Balanovsky 2011
6. CITEREFYunusbayev2012
7. Cruciani 2004
8. Dibirova 2009
9. Rootsi 2004
10. P303=86.0; other G =1.0
11. P16=9.2
    P303=29.6; other=1.4.
12. Rosser 2000
13. Wells 2001
14. Weale 2001
15. Caciagli 2009
16. Di Giacomo 2004
17. Battaglia 2009
18. P18=3.0
    P303=2.4
19. P18=3.6
    P303=5.4
20. P18=6.0
    P303=1.0
21. Semino 2000
22. Nasidze 2004b
23. P16=73.0
    P303=1.3
24. P16=55.9
    P303=4.7

Sources

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External links

• Y-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation