The proportions of various human Y-DNA haplogroups vary significantly from one ethnic or language group to another in Africa .
Data in the table below are based on genetic research. The second column designates linguistic affiliation of the sampled population (Semitic, Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo, etc.), the third column gives the total sample size studied, and the other columns indicate the percentage observed of particular haplogroups.
Population | Language group | n | A | B | E1a | E1b1a | E1b1b | E2 | J | R1b | T | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alur | Nilo-Saharan | 9 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Amhara (Ethiopia) | Semitic | 48 | 14.6 | 2.1 | 0 | 45.8 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 4.2 | Hassan 2008 [2] | |
Bamileke | Niger-Congo | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Luis 2004 [3] |
Bantus (Gabon) | Niger-Congo | 795 | 0.5 | 6.7 | 0.2 | 79.4 | 0.1 | 6.2 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 | Berniell 2009 [4] |
Bantus (Kenya) | Niger-Congo | 29 | 13.8 | 3.4 | 0 | 51.7 | 13.7 | 17.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hurles 2005 [5] |
Bantus (Tanzania) [nb 1] | Niger-Congo | 110 | 2.7 | 9.1 | 48.2 | 21.8 | 16.4 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | [3] [6] | |
Bantus (South Africa) [nb 2] | Niger-Congo | 137 | 5.1 | 10.9 | 0 | 54.7 | 4.4 | 21.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Bantus (South-Eastern) | Niger-Congo | 343 | 5.0 | 16.3 | 66.2 | 1.5 | 10.2 | 0 | Naidoo 2010 [7] | |||
Beja | Cushitic | 42 | 4.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52.4 | 0 | 38.1 | 4.8 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Benin (Fon) | Niger-Congo | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Luis 2004 [3] |
Berbers | Berber | 64 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 80 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | Cruciani2002 [8] |
Bissagos Islands | Niger–Congo | 21 | 76.2 | 14.3 | Rosa 2007 [9] | |||||||
Burkina Faso [nb 3] | Niger–Congo | 106 | 0 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 81.1 | 2.8 | 11.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cruciani2002 [8] |
Burunge | Cushitic | 24 | 0 | 25 | 4 | 33 | Tishkoff 2007 [6] | |||||
Cameroon (North) [nb 4] | Niger-Congo | 72 | 1.4 | 12.5 | 4.2 | 54.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.8 | 0 | Cruciani2002 [8] |
Cameroon (North) [nb 5] | Chadic | 54 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 0 | 13.0 | 3.7 | 7.4 | 0 | 70.4 | 0 | Cruciani2002 [8] |
Cameroon (South) [nb 6] | Niger-Congo | 89 | 0 | 5.6 | 0 | 93.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | Cruciani2002 [8] |
R.D. Congo (East) [nb 7] | Niger-Congo | 36 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 | 63.9 | 13.9 | 19.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Copts (Sudan) | Semitic | 33 | 0 | 15.2 | 0 | 0 | 21.2 | 0 | 45.5 | 15.2 | Hassan 2008 [2] | |
Cross River (Nigeria) | Niger-Congo | 1113 | 0 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Veeramah2010 [10] | ||||
Datog | Nilo-Saharan | 35 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 54 | Tishkoff 2007 [6] | |||||
Daza (Chad) | Nilo-Saharan | 11.1 | 5.6 | 33.3 | 44.4 | Shriner 2018 [11] | ||||||
Dinka | Nilo-Saharan | 26 | 62 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Dogon | Dogon | 55 | 1.8 | 7.3 | 45.5 | 43.6 | 0 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Ethiopians | Semitic | 242 | 17.8 | 0.8 | 0 | 48.8 | 0.4 | 26.9 | 0 | 3.7 | Moran 2004 [12] | |
Ethiopian Jews | Semitic | 22 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | Cruciani2002 [8] |
Fulbe (Burkina Faso & Cameroon) | Niger-Congo | 37 | 5.4 | 0 | 29.7 | 48.6 | 0 | 0 | 8.1 | Cruciani2002 [8] | ||
Fulbe (Guinea-Bissau) | Niger-Congo | 59 | 13.6 | 1.7 | Rosa 2007 [9] | |||||||
Fulbe (Sudan) | Niger-Congo | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34.6 | 0 | 0 | 53.8 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Fulbe (Niger) | Niger-Congo | 7 | 14.3 | Cruciani2010 [13] | ||||||||
Fur | Nilo-Saharan | 32 | 31.3 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 59.4 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Ghana [nb 8] | Niger-Congo | 91 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 92.3 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Guinea-Bissau | Niger-Congo | 282 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 15.6 | 72.0 | 6.0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | Rosa 2007 [9] |
Hadza | Hadza (Isolate) | 80 | 0 | 57.5 | 26.2 | 15.0 | Tishkoff 2007 [6] | |||||
Hausa (Sudan) | Chadic | 32 | 12.5 | 15.6 | 0 | 12.5 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 40.6 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Hausa (Nigeria) | Chadic | 81 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 43 | 32 | Nguidi 2024 [14] | ||||
Hema | Niger-Congo | 18 | 6 | 0 | 2.2 | 28 | 28 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Herero | Niger-Congo | 24 | 4.2 | 70.8 | 12.5 | I = 4.2%; R1a = 4.2%. (Wood 2005) [1] | ||||||
Hutu (Rwanda) | Niger-Congo | 69 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 83 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Luis 2004 [3] |
Igbo [nb 9] | Niger-Congo | 209 | A3b2=0 | 89.3 | 0 | 0 | Veeramah 2010 [10] | |||||
Iraqw | Cushitic | 9 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 11 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Kanembu | Nilo-Saharan | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | Shriner 2018 [11] | |
Khoisan [nb 10] | Khoisan | 90 | 47.7 | 14.4 | 0 | 24.4 | 6.7 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Khoisan | Khoisan | 183 | 44.3 | 11.5 | 0 | 23.0 | 16.4 | 1.6 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | Naidoo 2010 [7] |
Khoisan (South Africa) [nb 11] | Khoisan | 129 | 33.3 | 12.4 | 0 | 35.7 | 14.7 | 3.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tishkoff 2007 [6] |
Kikuyu & Kamba | Niger-Congo | 42 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 73 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] [ dead link ] |
ǃKung | Khoisan | 64 | 36 | 8 | 0 | 39 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cruciani2002 [8] |
Luo | Nilo-Saharan | 9 | 11 | 22 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Maasai | Nilo-Saharan | 26 | 27 | 8 | 0 | 16 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Malagasy | Austronesian | 35 | 0 | 8.6 | 0 | 34.3 | 0 | 8.6 | 5.7 | 0 | O = 34.3% (Hurles 2005) [5] | |
Mandinka | Niger-Congo | 39 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 79 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Mandinka (Guinea-Bissau) | Niger-Congo | 45 | 86.7 | 4.4 | Rosa 2007 [9] | |||||||
Masalit | Nilo-Saharan | 32 | 18.8 | 3.1 | 0 | 0 | 71.9 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Mossi | Niger-Congo | 49 | 0 | 2 | 90 | 2 | Tishkoff 2007 [6] | |||||
Namibia (Nama) | Khoisan | 11 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] | |
Nande | Niger-Congo | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Niger–Congo [nb 12] | Niger-Congo | 705 | 2.7 | 9.6 | 4.5 | 68.2 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Nilo-Saharan [nb 13] | Nilo-Saharan | 91 | 12.1 | 35.2 | 0 | 29.7 | 14.3 | 8.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Nilo-Saharan [nb 14] | Nilo-Saharan | 345 | 23.2 | 17.4 | 9.9 | 33.9 | 2.6 | 6.1 | Wood 2005, [1] Hassan 2008, [2] Tishkoff 2007, [6] Cruciani 2002 [8] | |||
Nubians (Egypt) | Nilo-Saharan | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86.9 | 0 | 4.4 | 0 | 0 | Lucotte and Mercier 2003 [15] |
Nubians (Sudan) | Nilo-Saharan, Semitic | 39 | 0 | 7.7 | 0 | 0 | 23.1 | 0 | 43.6 | 10.3 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Nuba | Nilo-Saharan | 28 | 46.4 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 39.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Nuer | Nilo-Saharan | 12 | 33.3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Oromo (Ethiopia) | Cushitic | 78 | 10.3 | 1.3 | 0 | 62.8 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 0 | 5.1 | Hassan 2008 [2] | |
Ouldeme | Chadic | 13 | 95.5 | Cruciani2010 [13] | ||||||||
Pygmy (Mbuti) | Nilo-Saharan | 47 | 2 | 59 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Pygmy (Western) [nb 15] | Niger-Congo | 60 | 5 | 53.3 | 28.3 | 0 | 0 | 3.3 | 0 | Berniell 2009 [4] | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | Indo-European | 150 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 84.0 | 0 | 0 | 8.7 | 0 | Gonçalves 2008 [16] | |
Sandawe | Sandawe (Isolate) | 68 | 4 | 14 | 43 | 34 | Tishkoff 2007 [6] | |||||
Senegalese | Niger-Congo | 139 | 0 | 0 | 5.0 | 81.3 | 6.5 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Shilluk | Nilo-Saharan | 15 | 53.3 | 26.7 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
Shuwa Arabs | Semitic | 5 | 40 | Cruciani2010 [13] | ||||||||
Somalis | Cushitic | 201 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0 | 1.5 | 81.1 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0 | 10.4 | R1a=1, Sanchez2005 [17] |
South African Whites | Indo-European | 157 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 9.6 | 0 | 3.8 | 51.6 | Others=33.8 [7] | |
Sudanese Arabs [nb 16] | Semitic | 102 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | 47.1 | 15.7 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] |
South Sudan (Nilotic) [nb 17] | Nilo-Saharan | 81 | 50.6 | 24.7 | 0 | 0 | 24.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] | |
West Sudan (Darfur) [nb 18] | Nilo-Saharan | 90 | 27.8 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | 62.2 | 0 | 4.4 | 0 | Hassan 2008 [2] | |
Tuareg (Burkina Faso) [nb 19] | Berber | 38 | 0 | 16.7 | 77.8 | 0 | 0 | Pereira 2010 [18] | ||||
Tuareg (Mali) [nb 20] | Berber | 21 | 0 | 9.1 | 90.9 | 0 | 0 | Pereira 2010 [18] | ||||
Tuareg (Niger) [nb 21] | Berber | 31 | 0 | 44.4 | 16.7 | 0 | 33.3 | Pereira 2010 [18] | ||||
Tutsi (Rwanda) | Niger-Congo | 94 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 80 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Luis 2004 [3] |
Wolof | Niger-Congo | 34 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 | 68.0 | 12.0 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] | |
Yoruba | Niger-Congo | 13 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tishkoff 2007 [6] |
Yoruba | Niger-Congo | 28 | 93.1 | IHC 2005 [19] | ||||||||
Yoruba | Niger-Congo | 21 | 4.8 | Cruciani 2010 [13] | ||||||||
Xhosa | Niger-Congo | 80 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 54 | 5 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |
Zulu | Niger-Congo | 29 | 3 | 20 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Wood 2005 [1] |