Datooga people

Last updated
Datooga
Wamang'ati
Datooga Familiy.jpg
Datooga family in Karatu District, Arusha Region
Total population
87,978 (2000) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania
Languages
Datooga, Iraqw & Swahili
Religion
African Traditional Religion & Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Kalenjin people, Iraqw people & other Cushitic peoples

The Datooga (Wamang'ati in Swahili) are a Nilotic ethnic people group from Tanzania, located in Karatu District of Arusha Region and historically in areas of southwest Manyara Region and northern Singida Region. In 2000, the Datooga population was estimated to number 87,978. [1]

Contents

History

Skinning Hide - Datoga ethnic group, Tanzania Datoga Skinning Hide.jpg
Skinning Hide - Datoga ethnic group, Tanzania

Origins

Linguistic evidence points to the eastern Middle Nile Basin south of the Abbai River, as the nursery of the Nilotic languages. That is to say south-east of present-day Khartoum. [2]

It is thought that beginning in the second millennium B.C., particular Nilotic speaking communities began to move southward into present-day South Sudan where most settled and that the societies today referred to as the Southern Nilotes pushed further on, reaching what is present-day north-eastern Uganda by 1000 B.C. [2]

Linguist Christopher Ehret proposes that between 1000 and 700 BC, the Southern Nilotic speaking communities, who kept domestic stock and possibly cultivated sorghum and finger millet, [3] lived next to an Eastern Cushitic speaking community with whom they had significant cultural interaction. The general location of this point of cultural exchange being somewhere near the common border between Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia.

He suggests that the cultural exchange perceived in borrowed loan words, adoption of the practice of circumcision and the cyclical system of age-set organisation dates to this period. [4]

Linguist Christopher Ehret suggests that around the fifth and sixth centuries BC, the speakers of the Southern Nilotic languages split into two major divisions - the proto-Kalenjin and the proto-Datooga. The former took shape among those residing to the north of the Mau range while the latter took shape among sections that moved into the Mara and Loita plains south of the western highlands. [5]

Recent History

There are at least seven Datooga sub tribes:

The dialects of the Datooga language are often divergent enough to make comprehension difficult, though Barabayiiga and Gisamjanga are very close. The Datooga have interacted with neighboring ethnic groups since at least the 19th century, and the Datooga leader Saigilo is widely known throughout region.

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nilo-Saharan languages</span> Proposed family of African languages

The Nilo-Saharan languages are a proposed family of around 210 African languages spoken by somewhere around 70 million speakers, mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers, including historic Nubia, north of where the two tributaries of the Nile meet. The languages extend through 17 nations in the northern half of Africa: from Algeria to Benin in the west; from Libya to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the centre; and from Egypt to Tanzania in the east.

The Nilotic people are people indigenous to the South Sudan and the East Africa who speak the Nilotic languages. They inhabit South Sudan and the Gambella Region of Ethiopia, while also being a large minority in Kenya, Uganda, the north eastern border area of Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania. The Nilotic peoples comprise of the Dinka, the Nuer, the Shilluk, the Luo peoples, the Alur, the Anuak, the Ateker peoples, the Kalenjin people and the Karamojong people also known as the Karamojong or Karimojong, Chaga people ,Ngasa people,Datooga, Samburu ,and the Maa-speaking peoples.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalenjin people</span> Group of Southern Nilotic peoples indigenous to East Africa

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Christopher Ehret, who currently holds the position of Distinguished Research Professor at UCLA, is an American scholar of African history and African historical linguistics particularly known for his efforts to correlate linguistic taxonomy and reconstruction with the archeological record. He has published many works, including Reconstructing Proto-Afrasian (1995) and Ancient Africa (2023). He has written around seventy scholarly articles on a wide range of historical, linguistic, and anthropological subjects. These works include monographic articles on Bantu subclassification; on internal reconstruction in Semitic; on the reconstruction of proto-Cushitic and proto-Eastern Cushitic; and, with Mohamed Nuuh Ali, on the classification of the Soomaali languages.

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Datooga is a Nilotic language or dialect cluster of the Southern Nilotic group. It is spoken by the Datooga people of the Great Rift Valley of Tanzania. The Sukuma name Taturu is also sometimes used in English; the Swahili name Mang'ati comes from Maasai, where it means "enemy". However, it is not considered offensive to the Datooga, as there is a degree of pride in being the historic enemy of the Maasai, and Mang'ati has become the standard name for the group in Swahili. In addition, numerous tribal and dialectal names may be found for the people or language as a whole.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proto-Afroasiatic homeland</span> Hypothetical linguistic homeland of the Proto-Afroasiatic language

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bantu peoples</span> Ethnolinguistic group in Africa

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References

  1. 1 2 "Datooga". Ethnologue.
  2. 1 2 Ehret, Christopher (1998). An African Classical Age: Eastern & Southern Africa in World History 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400. University of Virginia. p. 7.
  3. Clark, J.D.; Brandt, S.A. (1984). From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa. ACLS Humanities E-Book. University of California Press. p. 234. ISBN   978-0-520-04574-3.
  4. Ehret, Christopher (1998). An African Classical Age: Eastern & Southern Africa in World History 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400. University of Virginia. pp. 161–164.
  5. Ehret, C. History and the Testimony of Language. p. 118.