Listed here are notable ethnic groups and populations from Western Asia , Egypt and South Caucasus by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. (IE = Indo-European, AA = Afro-Asiatic) Some old studies conducted in the early 2000s regarded several haplogroups as one haplogroup, e.g. I, G and sometimes J were haplogroup 2, so conversion sometimes may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below.
Population | Language (if specified) | n | E | G | I | J | L | N | R1a | R1b | T | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afro-Iranians | IE (Iranian, West) | 12 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 16.6 | 8.3 | 0 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Arabs (Bedouin) | AA (Semitic) | 32 | 18.7 | 0 | 6.3 | 65.6 | 0 | 0 | 9.4 | 0 | 0 | Nebel2001 [2] |
Egyptians (Egypt) | AA (Semitic) | 147 | 39.5 | 8.8 | 0.7 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 8.2 | Luis2004 [3] |
Egyptians (Egypt) | AA (Semitic) | 370 | 46.8 | 5.7 | 0.5 | 27.6 | 0.8 | 0 | 2.2 | 5.9 | 6.2 | Bekada2013 [4] |
Egyptians (Egypt) | AA (Semitic) | 92 | 46.8 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 22.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.4 | 7.6 | Wood2005 [5] |
Egyptians (Egypt) | AA (Semitic) | 147 | 38 | 9 | 1 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 8 | AbuAmero2009 [6] |
Egyptians (Egypt) | AA (Semitic) | 35 | 68.6 | 0 | 0 | 31.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Kujanová2009 [7] |
Egyptians (Egypt) South | AA (Semitic) | 47 | 78.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Trombetta2015 [8] |
Egyptians (Egypt) North | AA (Semitic) | 49 | 42.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Trombetta2015 [8] |
Egyptians (Egypt) | AA (Semitic) | 44 | 51.3 | 0 | 0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 2.3 | 9.9 | 0 | Arredi2004 [9] |
Arabs (Iran – Khuzestan) | AA (Semitic) | 57 | 3.6 | 21.1 | 0 | 58 | 1.8 | 0 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Arabs (Iraq) | AA (Semitic) | 9.2 | 0 | 0 | 50.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Semino2004 [10] | |
Arabs (Iraq) | AA (Semitic) | 254 | 14.9 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 57.4 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 2 | Lazim2020 [11] |
Arabs (Jordan) | AA (Semitic) | 146 | 26 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 43.8 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 17.8 | 0 | AbuAmero2009 [12] |
Arabs (Jordan – Amman) | AA (Semitic) | 101 | 17.8 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 56.4 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 5.9 | 0 | Flores2005 [13] |
Arabs (Jordan- Dead Sea) | AA (Semitic) | 45 | 44.5 | 0 | 0 | 15.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | Flores2005 [13] |
Arabs (Kuwait – Bedouin) | AA (Semitic) | 148 | 6.6 | 3.4 | 0 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 6.7 | 1.3 | 0 | Mohammad2010 [14] |
Arabs (Oman) | AA (Semitic) | 121 | 23.1 | 1.7 | 0 | 47.9 | 0.8 | 0 | 9.1 | 1.7 | 8.3 | Luis2004 [3] |
Arabs (Palestine – Muslim) | AA (Semitic) | 143 | 20.3 | 7 | 6.3 | 55.2 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 8.4 | 1.4 | Nebel2001 [2] |
Arabs (Palestine – Christian) | AA (Semitic) | 44 | 31.8 | 11.3 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fernandes2011 [15] |
Arabs (Qatar) | AA (Semitic) | 72 | 8.4 | 2.8 | 0 | 66.7 | 2.8 | 0 | 6.9 | 1.4 | 0 | Cadenas2008 [16] |
Arabs (Saudi Arabia) | AA (Semitic) | 157 | 15.2 | 3.2 | 0 | 58 | 1.9 | 0 | 5.1 | 1.9 | 5.1 | AbuAmero2009 [12] |
Arabs (Syria) | AA (Semitic) | 20 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 0 | Semino2000 [17] |
Arabs (Syria) | AA (Semitic) | 520 | 13.5 | 5.5 | 2 | 55.7 | 0 | 0 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 0 | Zalloua2008 [18] & El-Sibai2009 [19] |
Yemeni (Soqotra) | AA (Semitic) | 63 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 85.7 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | Cerny2009 [20] |
Arabs (UAE) | AA (Semitic) | 164 | 16.1 | 4.3 | 0 | 45.1 | 3 | 0 | 7.3 | 4.3 | 4.9 | Cadenas2008 [16] |
Arabs (Yemen) | AA (Semitic) | 62 | 16.1 | 1.6 | 0 | 82.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cadenas2008 [16] |
Arabs (Yemen) | AA (Semitic) | 46 | 17.3 | 2.1 | 0 | 73.9 | 0 | 0 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | Haber2019 [21] |
Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 89 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 | 29.2 | 0 | 3.4 | 5.6 | 24.7 | 0 | Rosser2000 [22] |
Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 100 | 6 | 11 | 5 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 19 | 0 | Nasidze2004 [23] |
Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 734 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 5.3 | 32.4 | 0 | Weale2001 [24] |
Armenians (Iran – Tehran) | IE (Armenian) | 34 | 5.8 | 20.5 | 5.8 | 32.3 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 23.5 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Assyrians (Iran) | AA (Semitic) | 48 | 4.2 | 8.3 | 0 | 29.2 | 0 | 0 | 8.3 | 29.2 | 8.3 | Grugni 2012 [25] |
Assyrians (Iran – Tehran) | AA (Semitic) | 9 | 22.2 | 11.1 | 0 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55.6 | 0 | Grugni 2012 [25] |
Assyrians (Iran – West Azerbaijan) | AA (Semitic) | 39 | 0 | 7.7 | 0 | 33.4 | 0 | 0 | 10.3 | 23.1 | 10.3 | Grugni12 [1] |
Azerbaijanis | Turkic | 72 | 6 | 18 | 3 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 11 | 0 | Nasidze2004 [23] |
Azerbaijanis | Turkic | 97 | 4.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cruciani2004 [26] |
Azerbaijanis (Iran – West Azerbaijan) | Turkic | 63 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 27.2 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 19 | 17.5 | 7.9 | Grugni12 [1] |
Baloch | IE (Iranian, NW) | 25 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 24 | 0 | 28 | 8 | 0 | Sengupta2006 [27] |
Baloch | IE (Iranian, NW) | 24 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 0 | 41.6 | 16.6 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Berbers (Egypt) | AA (Berber) | 93 | 18.5 | 3.2 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 | Dugoujon2009 [28] |
Copts (Egypt) | AA (Egyptian) | 100 | 74 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Crubézy2010 [29] |
Chechens | Caucasian (North East) | 330 | 0 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 77.6 | 7 | 0 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 0 | Balanovsky 2011 [30] |
Cypriots | IE (Greek) | 45 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 0 | Rosser2000 [22] |
Dargins | Caucasian (North East) | 68 | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | 94.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | Yunusbayev2012 [31] |
Dargins (Kaitaks) | Caucasian (North East) | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 88.1 | 0 | 0 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 0 | Balanovsky 2011 [30] |
Dargins (Kubachis) | Caucasian (North East) | 65 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 98.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Balanovsky 2011 [30] |
Druze | AA (Semitic) | 28 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cruciani2004 [26] |
Druze | AA (Semitic) | 329 | 18.8 | 12.4 | 0.6 | 33.4 | 6.3 | 0 | 1.5 | 14.5 | 0 | Marshall2016 [32] & Behar2010 |
Georgians | Caucasian (South) | 63 | 0 | 30.1 | 0 | 36.5 | 1.6 | 0 | 7.9 | 14.3 | 1.6 | Semino2000 [17] |
Georgians | Caucasian (South) | 66 | 3 | 31.8 | 1.5 | 36.4 | 1.5 | 0 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 1.5 | Battaglia2008 [33] |
Gilaks | IE (Iranian, NW) | 64 | 3.2 | 15.7 | 1.6 | 36 | 4.8 | 0 | 9.4 | 20.4 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Ingush | Caucasian (North East) | 143 | 0 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 91.6 | 2.8 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | Balanovsky 2011 [30] |
Iranians (Bondar) | IE (Iranian, NW) | 131 | 14.6 | 8.5 | 0.8 | 16.8 | 9.9 | 0 | 22.2 | 8.4 | 3.1 | Grugni12 [1] |
Iranians (Qeshm) | IE (Iranian, NW) | 44 | 2 | 10.1 | 0 | 42.8 | 8.2 | 0 | 20.4 | 0 | 4.1 | Grugni12 [1] |
Iranians (North Iran) | IE (Iranian, West) | 33 | 0 | 15.2 | 0 | 33.3 | 3 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 15.2 | 0 | Regueiro2006 [34] |
Iranians (South Iran) | IE (Iranian, West) | 117 | 6.8 | 12.8 | 0 | 35 | 6 | 0.9 | 16.2 | 6 | 3.4 | Regueiro2006 [34] |
Iranians | IE (Iranian, West) | 130 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 24.6 | 13.8 | 0 | 0 | 19.2 | 4.6 | 0 | Nasidze2004 [23] |
Iranians | 938 | 8.8 | 11.7 | 0.5 | 31.4 | 5 | 0.1 | 14.3 | 10.1 | 3.4 | Grugni2012 [25] | |
Iraqis | 203 | 11.8 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 57.6 | 1 | 1 | 6.9 | 10.8 | 5.9 | Abu A. 2009 [12] | |
Jews (Ashkenazi) | AA (Semitic) | 79 | 22.8 | 3.8 | 6.3 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 12.7 | 11.4 | 0 | Nebel2001 [2] |
Jews (Ashkenazi) | AA (Semitic) | 442 | 19.9 | 9.7 | 4.1 | 38 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Behar2004. [35] |
Jews (Ashkenazi) | AA (Semitic) | 737 | 16.1 | 9.8 | 3.0 | 35.9 J1: 15% J2: 21% | 1.2 | 0.2 | 4.2 | 11.5 M267:8% | 2.7 | Hammer et al 2009 [36] [37] Non-Levites or Cohanim. |
Jews (Kurdish) | AA (Semitic) | 95 | 12.1 | 19.2 | 6.1 | 37.4 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 20.2 | 0 | Nebel2001 [2] |
Jews (Sephardic) | AA (Semitic) | 78 | 19.2 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 28.2 | 0 | 0 | 3.9 | 29.5 | 0 | Nebel2001 [2] |
Jews (Tunisian) | AA (Semitic) | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Manni et al. (2005) [38] |
Kurds (Iran) | IE (Iranian, NW) | 59 | 20.4 | 11.9 | 1.7 | 28.9 | 1.7 | 0 | 20.3 | 1.7 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Kurds (Northern Iraq) | IE (Iranian, NW) | 95 | 7.4 | 4.2 | 16.8 | 40 | 3.2 | 0 | 11.6 | 16.8 | 0 | Nebel2001 [2] |
Arabs (Lebanon) | AA (Semitic) | 1,403 | 16.9 | 6.7 | 3.3 | 47.2 | 4.8 | 2 | 7.7 | 4.3 | Platt2021 [39] [40] | |
Lurs | IE (Iranian, SW) | 50 | 11.8 | 15.7 | 0 | 23.6 | 3.9 | 0 | 5.9 | 23.5 | 3.9 | Grugni12 [1] |
Mazandarenis | IE (Iranian, NW) | 70 | 5.6 | 20.9 | 0 | 40.3 | 1.4 | 0 | 11.1 | 4.2 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Parsis (India – Lay) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 122 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 | 54.9 | 2.5 | 0 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 | López2017 [41] |
Parsis (India – Priest) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 71 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | 4.2 | 54.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | López2017 [41] |
Parsis (Iran – Lay) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 76 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 | 55.3 | 1.3 | 0 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 | López2017 [41] |
Parsis (Iran – Priest) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | López2017 [41] |
Parsis (Iran – Tehran) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 13 | 30.8 | 0 | 0 | 38.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.1 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Parsis (Iran – Yazd) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 34 | 14.7 | 5.9 | 0 | 41 | 5.9 | 0 | 17.6 | 2.9 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Persians (Iran – Fars) | IE (Iranian, NW) | 44 | 13.7 | 9.2 | 0 | 36.3 | 6.8 | 0 | 4.5 | 11.4 | 6.8 | Grugni12 [1] |
Persians (Iran – Isfahan) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 11 | 0 | 0 | 9.1 | 54.6 | 0 | 0 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | Grugni12 [1] |
Persians (Iran – Khurasan) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 59 | 3.4 | 13.6 | 0 | 23.8 | 3.4 | 0 | 22 | 6.8 | 5.1 | Grugni12 [1] |
Persians (Iran – Yazd) | IE (Iranian, SW) | 46 | 10.7 | 14.9 | 0 | 36.2 | 4.2 | 0 | 12.8 | 4.3 | 6.4 | Grugni12 [1] |
Samaritans (Tribe of Levi) | AA (Semitic) | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Oefner2013 [42] |
Samaritans (Tribe of Joseph) | AA (Semitic) | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Oefner2013 [42] |
Turkmen | Turkic | 68 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 0 | 14.3 | 5.8 | 0 | 14.5 | 4.3 | 1.4 | Grugni12 [1] |
Turks | Turkic | 523 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 5.4 | 33.3 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 6.9 | 16.1 | 2.5 | Cinnioglu2004 [43] |
Turks | Turkic | 741 | 5.1 | 33.3 | Rootsi2004 [44] | |||||||
Turks | Turkic | 167 | 10.2 | 0 | 0 | 32.9 | 0 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 20.4 | 0 | Rosser2000 [22] |
Turks | Turkic | 59 | 13.6 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 30.5 | 0 | 0 | 11.9 | 20.3 | 1.7 | Sanchez2005 [45] |
Turks (Central Anatolia) | Turkic | 61 | 6.6 | Pericic2005 [46] | ||||||||
Turks (Istanbul) | Turkic | 13 | 24.7 | Semino2004 [10] | ||||||||
Turks (Konya) | Turkic | 14.5 | 31.8 | Semino2004 [10] | ||||||||
Turks (Cypriot) | Turkic | 46 | 13 | Cruciani2004 [26] | ||||||||
Turks (Southeastern) | Turkic | 24 | 4.2 | Cruciani2004 [26] | ||||||||
Turks (Erzurum) | Turkic | 25 | 4 | Cruciani2004 [26] | ||||||||
In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-M304. Haplogroup J-M172 is common in modern populations in Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Southern Europe, Northwestern Iran and North Africa. It is thought that J-M172 may have originated between the Caucasus, Anatolia and/or Western Iran.
Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia. The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Socotra Archipelago, the Caucasus, Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
E-M215 or E1b1b, formely known as E3b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M215 has two basal branches, E-M35 and E-M281. E-M35 is primarily distributed in North Africa and the Horn of Africa, and occurs at moderate frequencies in the Middle East, Europe, and Southern Africa. E-M281 occurs at a low frequency in Ethiopia.
Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. It is a primary branch of the haplogroup BT.
Haplogroup E-M96 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is one of the two main branches of the older and ancestral haplogroup DE, the other main branch being haplogroup D. The E-M96 clade is divided into two main subclades: the more common E-P147, and the less common E-M75.
Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185. As a secondary descendant of haplogroup K and a primary branch of haplogroup LT, haplogroup L currently has the alternative phylogenetic name of K1a, and is a sibling of haplogroup T.
Haplogroup P also known as P-F5850 or K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics. P-F5850 is a branch of K2b, which is a branch of Haplogroup K2 (K-M526).
Haplogroup R2a, or haplogroup R-M124, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic markers M124, P249, P267, L266, and is mainly found in South Asia as well as in Central Asia, Caucasus, Southwest Asia, and the Arab countries with low frequencies.
Haplogroup J-M267, also commonly known as Haplogroup J1, is a subclade (branch) of Y-DNA haplogroup J-P209 along with its sibling clade haplogroup J-M172.
The various ethnolinguistic groups found in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and/or South Asia demonstrate differing rates of particular Y-DNA haplogroups.
Haplogroup E-M132, formerly known as E-M33 (E1a), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with E-P177, it is one of the two main branches of the older E-P147 paternal clade. E-M132 is divided into two primary sub-branches, E-M44 and E-Z958, with many descendant subclades.
Haplogroup E-M75 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with haplogroup E-P147, it is one of the two main branches of the older haplogroup E-M96.
Haplogroup E-V68, also known as E1b1b1a, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia and Europe. It is a subclade of the larger and older haplogroup, known as E1b1b or E-M215. The E1b1b1a lineage is identified by the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation on the Y chromosome, which is known as V68. It is a subject of discussion and study in genetics as well as genetic genealogy, archaeology, and historical linguistics.
Haplogroup E-P2, also known as E1b1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-P2 has two basal branches, E-V38 and E-M215. E-P2 had an ancient presence in East Africa and the Levant; presently, it is primarily distributed in Africa where it may have originated, and occurs at lower frequencies in the Middle East and Europe.
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe are haplogroups of the male Y-chromosome found in European populations.
E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-V257 subclades, and defines their common phylogeny. The former is predominantly found in the Middle East; the latter is most frequently observed in North Africa, with its E-M81 subclade observed among the ancient Guanche natives of the Canary Islands. E-Z827 is also found at lower frequencies in Europe, and in isolated parts of Southeast Africa.
In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E-M123 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, and defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M123. Like its closest relatives within the larger E-M215 haplogroup, E-M123 is found in Asia, Europe and Africa.
Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in various ethnic groups and populations from North Africa and the Sahel (Tuaregs).
Haplogroup E-M329, also known as E1b1a2, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M329 is mostly found in East Africa.
Haplogroup E-M2, also known as E1b1a1-M2, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-M2 is primarily distributed within Africa followed by West Asia. More specifically, E-M2 is the predominant subclade in West Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa, and the region of the African Great Lakes; it also occurs at moderate frequencies in North Africa, and the Middle East. E-M2 has several subclades, but many of these subhaplogroups are included in either E-L485 or E-U175. E-M2 is especially common among indigenous Africans who speak Niger-Congo languages, and was spread to Southern Africa and East Africa through the Bantu expansion.