Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020

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Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020
Statutory Instrument
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (variant 1, 1952-2022).svg
Citation 2020 No. 684
Introduced by Matt Hancock, Secretary of State for Health and Social Care
Territorial extent  England, with exclusions in local lockdown areas
Dates
Made3 July 2020
Laid before Parliament3 July 2020
Commencement 4 July 2020 (2020-07-04)
Expired4 January 2021 (2021-01-04)
Other legislation
Repeals/revokes The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020
Made under Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984
Status: Expired
Text of the Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/684) is a statutory instrument (SI) enacted on 4 July 2020 by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It replaced and relaxed the previous Lockdown Regulations (SI 2020/350), and gave the Secretary of State powers to make declarations restricting access to public outdoor places.

Contents

This SI related to England only; there were similar regulations for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Within England, Leicester was initially excluded to its high rate of COVID-19. Subsequent amendments were made to enable more restrictive local rules to be applied in other areas.

The regulations were substantially amended on 14 October 2020 by the First COVID-19 tier regulations, and expired on 4 January 2021.

Context and earlier regulations

The first responses by the UK government to the developing COVID-19 pandemic in England took the form of guidance rather than legislation. Statements by the prime minister and other ministers included advice to schools to cancel trips abroad (12 March); [1] to the public to avoid non-essential travel, crowded places such as pubs and theatres, mass gatherings, and visits to care homes (16 March); [2] and escalated to the closure of schools, colleges and nurseries (announced 18 March, effective 21 March). [3]

Initial regulations, from 21 March 2020

On 21 March under emergency powers the government enacted The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Business Closure) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/327) which enforced the closure in England of businesses selling food and drink for consumption on the premises, as well as a range of other businesses such as nightclubs and indoor leisure centres where a high risk of infection could be expected. SI 2020/350 revoked SI 2020/327, which had come into force only five days earlier, and re-enacted most of its provisions with more extensive restrictions. [4]

Lockdown Regulations, from 26 March 2020

The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/350), informally known as "the Lockdown Regulations", replaced SI 2020/327 on 26 March 2020 with a series of more stringent restrictions. These regulations became the principal delegated English legislation restricting freedom of movement, gatherings, and business closures during the COVID-19 emergency period. There were four primary amendments to SI 2020/327, progressively relaxing the rules, on 22 April, 13 May, 1 June, and 13/15 June. On 4 July 2020, SI 2020/350 was repealed and replaced by these regulations, SI 2020/684. [5]

Regulations

The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/684) was introduced by way of a Statutory Instrument made by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, using emergency powers available to him under the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984. The regulations themselves state the legal basis for using such powers, namely "the serious and imminent threat to public health which is posed by the incidence and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in England"; he also certified that the restrictions "are proportionate to what they seek to achieve, which is a public health response to that threat." [6]

The regulations were laid before parliament at 3.00pm on 3 July, the day before the regulations came into force. [6] The Secretary of State once again used section 45R of the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 to enact the regulations immediately subject to retrospective approval by resolution of each House of Parliament within twenty-eight days. [7] In the regulations themselves he stated that "by reason of urgency, it is necessary to make this instrument" without having first placed a draft before parliament for prior discussion and approval. [6]

Scope and review

The regulations (which applied in England only), [8] imposed restrictions during the "emergency period" [9] which effectively re-enacted the identically-named period first defined in the Lockdown Regulations SI 2020/350, as amended. [10] The Secretary of State was given the power to define the end of the period. [11] He was required to review the regulations at least every 28 days, and to terminate any restriction that he considered to be no longer necessary. [12]

The regulations initially did not apply in the city of Leicester and the surrounding area. Special rules were in force there from 4 July 2020, as set out in The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Leicester) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/685), [13] [14] later partly relaxed.

Commencement

The regulations as a whole came into effect at 0.01 am on 4 July 2020, though relaxation of the business closure rules allowing many venues to re-open was deferred until 6.00 am on the same day. According to a government spokesman this was a "sensible precaution" to avoid midnight parties. [15]

Business closures

The previous list of businesses required to close was revoked and re-enacted, with fewer restrictions. The only businesses that were still completely barred from re-opening were nightclubs, dance halls, bowling alleys, discotheques; sexual entertainment venues; casinos; nail bars and tanning booths; spas and beauty salons (except hairdressers); massage parlours, tattoo parlours and body piercing services; indoor and outdoor swimming pools; and indoor skating rinks, play areas, gyms, sports courts, and fitness and dance studios. [16] Some exceptions were made for elite athletes, and professional dancers and choreographers. [17] Most trade shows, exhibitions and conferences were still not permitted. [18]

Premises previously forced to close but which were permitted under the regulations to re-open (unless they offered services mentioned in the list above) [19] included cafes, bars, pubs; theatres, concert halls, cinemas, museums, galleries, leisure and entertainment venues; social clubs, bingo halls; hairdressers; funfairs, theme parks, model villages; outdoor skating rinks, play areas, gyms and sports courts; indoor attractions at heritage sites, farms, zoos and safari parks; and libraries. [20] [21] Places of worship could re-open generally and were no longer, as previously, restricted to opening for private prayer. [22] [19]

Government guidance

Although the regulations allowed theatres and concert halls to re-open, separate non-enforceable government guidance published on 3 July 2020 stated, "At this time, venues should not permit live performances, including drama, comedy and music, to take place in front of a live audience. This is important to mitigate the risks of aerosol transmission – from either the performer(s) or their audience." [19]

Restrictions on gatherings

The previous Lockdown Regulations were revoked, and were replaced with a new regime regulating gatherings of over 30 people. Most indoor gatherings of any size were allowed, but subject to a limit of 30 for gatherings at private dwellings. Public outdoor gatherings of up to 30 were also allowed, but most larger public gatherings remained banned.

Subject to a few exceptions, all gatherings of more than 30 people within a private dwelling, or in an adjacent garden or yard, [23] remained prohibited. [24] For this purpose, the following were not considered to be 'private dwellings', and so could in principle have larger gatherings: hotels, hostels, campsites, caravan parks, B&Bs, care homes, children's homes, military accommodation and prisons. [25] Also not considered to be private dwellings were boarding schools and student halls of residence. [26]

All indoor raves regardless of the number of participants were prohibited [27] (outdoor raves were already liable to be broken up by the police under section 63(1) of the Public Order Act 1994).

Generally, public outdoor gatherings of more than 30 were not allowed, unless at an outdoor visitor attraction or at an organization's operational premises. [28] Larger outdoor gatherings on public land were permitted only if they had been organised by a business, charity, public or political body, a risk assessment had been carried out, and all reasonable measures had been taken to limit virus transmission. [29]

There were some exceptions where otherwise-prohibited gatherings of more than 30 were allowed:

Government guidance

The government's non-enforceable guidance on social distancing was more restrictive than the legal regulations. The guidance stated that from 4 July "you can meet in groups of up to two households (anyone in your support bubble counts as one household) in any location – public or private, indoors or outdoors. You do not always have to meet with the same household – you can meet with different households at different times. However, it remains the case – even inside someone’s home – that you should socially distance from anyone not in your household or bubble". When outside, "you can continue to meet in groups of up to six people from different households, following social distancing guidelines." [34]

Power to restrict access to public places

The Secretary of State was given the power to make declarations restricting access to public outdoor places anywhere in England, either to a specified place or to all places of a given description. [35] Once he had made such a declaration, access restrictions had to be enforced by the owner of the land or the local authority, [36] and it became a criminal offence for anyone apart from the owner or occupier [37] to enter the land without a reasonable excuse. [38]

Any direction to restrict access to public places had to be reviewed by the Secretary of State at least once every seven days. [39] The owner or occupier of the land could appeal to the Magistrates Court against the direction. [40]

Offences and enforcement

Enforcement of the regulations was in the hands of the police, with provision being made for the local authority and the Secretary of State to designate additional people for some purposes. [41]

It was a criminal offence to breach the restrictions on business closures, restrictions on gatherings, or public spaces that the Secretary of State had declared closed. [42] Fixed penalty notices could be issued, [43] or offenders prosecuted. [44]

Amendment and expiry

The regulations were amended to implement relaxations in July and August 2020, and were then made more restrictive by further amendments in September, as outlined below. On 14 October, the regulations and accumulated amendments were substantially changed by the First COVID-19 tier regulations. [45]

The regulation as initially enacted (but not all later amendments) automatically expired on 4 January 2021, six months after enactment. [46]

Re-opening of some businesses, 11 and 13 July 2020

The regulations were amended on 22 April 2020, after 7 days, by The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/719).

The amendments were made under the same emergency powers as the main regulations. [47] They were laid before parliament on 10 July 2020, [47] and came into force on 11 and 13 July. The Secretary of State again used section 45R of the 1984 act to enact the regulations "by reason of urgency" subject to retrospective approval by resolution of each House of Parliament within twenty-eight days. [48]

Changes to the regulations

The amendments allowed certain businesses to re-open, specifically outdoor swimming pools and water parks (from 11 July 2020); [49] and nail bars and salons, tanning booths and salons, spas and beauty salons, massage parlours, tattoo parlours, and body and skin piercing services (from 13 July 2020). [50]

Re-opening of some businesses, 25 July 2020

The regulations were amended on 25 July 2020, after a further 14 days, by The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/788).

The amendments were made under the same emergency powers as the main regulations. [51] They were laid before parliament on 23 July 2020, [51] and came into force on 25 July. The Secretary of State again used section 45R of the 1984 act to enact the regulations "by reason of urgency" subject to retrospective approval by resolution of each House of Parliament within twenty-eight days. [52]

Changes to the regulations

The amendments allowed certain businesses to re-open, specifically indoor swimming pools, including indoor facilities at water parks, indoor fitness and dance studios and indoor gyms and sports courts and facilities. [53]

Re-opening of some businesses, 15 August 2020

The regulations were amended on 15 August 2020, after a further 21 days, by The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/863).

The amendments were made under the same emergency powers as the main regulations. [54] They were laid before parliament on 14 August 2020, [54] and came into force on 15 August. The Secretary of State again used section 45R of the 1984 act to enact the regulations "by reason of urgency" subject to retrospective approval by resolution of each House of Parliament within twenty-eight days. [55]

Changes to the regulations

The amendments allowed certain further businesses to re-open, specifically indoor casinos, indoor skating rinks, indoor play areas, bowling alleys and conference centres and exhibition halls. [56] A separate government press release noted that nightclubs, dance halls, and discotheques, as well as sexual entertainment venues and hostess bars, must remain closed. [57]

£10,000 penalty for hosting large gatherings, 28 August 2020

The regulations were further amended on 28 August 2020 by The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions on Holding of Gatherings and Amendment) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/907) to introduce a £10,000 penalty for those hosting or facilitating gatherings of more than 30 people. [58]

Anyone who, without reasonable excuse, hosted or facilitated a gathering of more than thirty people that:

was liable to a fixed penalty of £10,000. [62] Once a penalty notice had been issued, there was no discretion as to the amount, which the regulations specify "must be £10,000". [62]

The penalty did not apply to anyone hosting a larger gathering that was specifically permitted, including those that were:

Businesses, charities and public or political bodies that hosted larger events on land used as a visitor attraction, or which was part of business or charitable premises, were also exempt from the penalty provided that a risk assessment had been carried out and all reasonable measures taken to limit virus transmission. [68]

Breaches of the regulations (other than for hosting or facilitating a gathering of the type described above) attracted a fixed penalty of £100. [62]

'Rule of six' regulations, 14 September 2020

The regulations were further amended with effect from 14 September 2020 by The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) (Amendment) (No. 4) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/986) to reduce the permitted gathering size for most gatherings from thirty people to six, except for members of the same household or linked households, or where an exemption applied. [69] Government statements referred to this as "the rule of six". [70]

As with the original regulations, SI 2020/986 was made using emergency powers under the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984, this time by the Home Secretary, Priti Patel, [71] to enact the regulations "by reason of urgency" subject to retrospective approval by resolution of each House of Parliament within twenty-eight days. [72] The legal basis for the use of the powers was stated to be as before. [73]

'Rule of six'

The new general rule, subject to some exceptions, was that gatherings of more than six people were banned. [74] Most distinctions between indoor and outdoor gatherings were removed, and the regulations applied to gatherings in private dwellings and indoor public spaces as well as elsewhere.

The regulations did not loosen any stricter local regulations which applied in certain regions of England, specifically in those regions where smaller gatherings in private dwellings were already prohibited. [75]

Linked households

The concept of "linked households" introduced on 15 June by SI 2020/588 was revived. [76] A household containing exactly one adult (no more) and any number of children could form a permanent link with one other household of any size [77] (such linked households were referred to in government statements as "support bubbles"). [70] Households which were already linked under earlier regulations could not link with any other household. [78]

Gatherings of any size where all attendees were part of the same household, or of two linked households, were permitted. [79]

Larger organised gatherings

For the first time, the regulations allowed for the possibility of multiple groups of people attending certain larger organised gatherings, with each group remaining separate from all the others. For this to be permitted, each group (called a "qualifying group") had to be of no more than six people unless all members were from the same or a linked household. The qualifying groups had to remain separate, and people were not permitted to join any other group nor mingle with anyone outside their own group. [80]

Such gatherings were permitted indoors or at a premises (other than in a private dwelling) only where operated by a business, a charitable, benevolent or philanthropic institution, or a public body. [81] They were permitted in a public outdoor space only if organised by one of the above, or a political body, and where a risk assessment had been carried out. [82]

Other exceptions

Gatherings of more than six people from separate or non-linked households were also allowed in the following circumstances, some of which were newly introduced by the regulations: [83]

Permitted gatherings
Type of gatheringLocationsFormal organiser* requiredRisk assessment requiredMaximum attendees
Elite sportspeople and coaches [32] AnyNoNoAny
Work, voluntary, or charitable services [30]
Education, training, or childcare [30]
Emergency assistance, avoiding injury, illness, or harm [30]
Providing care or assistance to a vulnerable person [30]
Facilitating contact between parents and children where they live apart [30]
Fulfilling a legal obligation [33]
Support groups [84] Yes
Marriage or civil ceremony [85] Religious or approved premisesNoYes30
Significant event gathering [85] *Relevant premises* other than a private dwelling, or certain public outdoor spaces
Wedding or civil partnership reception [86] In premises other than a private dwelling
Protests [87] AnyYes (including a political body)Any
Organised non-elite sports [88] Relevant premises* or outdoorsYesAny number of players; no spectators
Gatherings in prisons etc [89] Criminal justice accommodationNoNoAny
Relevant outdoor activity [90] *OutdoorsYes
Attending a person giving birth [91] AnyNo

Terms marked with an asterisk in the above table:

Penalties

The £10,000 penalty for organising certain gatherings introduced on 28 August [96] applied to gatherings not listed in the above categories of permitted gathering. [97] Other penalties for participating in a forbidden gathering remained in place.

Late publication of the 'Rule of six' regulations

The regulations were published only around 30 minutes before they were due to come into effect [98] at 00:01 on 14 September and were laid before parliament after that, at 10:30. [73] It was reported in the press that the addition of the "relevant outdoor activity" exemption, covering hunting and shooting, held up publication until shortly before the new law was due take effect. [99]

Contact details and QR codes, 18 & 24 September 2020

On 18 September 2020 The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Collection of Contact Details etc and Related Requirements) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/1005) came into force. These regulations required certain businesses to obtain the contact details of people entering the premises, and to refuse entry to those who did not. They also required businesses to display an approved QR code to be scanned as an alternative to providing contact details. [100]

The regulations relating to contact details came into force on 18 September. [101] The regulations covering display and use of a QR code came into force on 24 September 2020. [102]

As with the original regulations, SI 2020/1005 was introduced using emergency powers under the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 to enact the regulations "by reason of urgency" subject to retrospective approval by resolution of each House of Parliament within twenty-eight days. [103] The regulations were made by Matt Hancock. [104]

Services and settings covered

The regulations applied to businesses and service providers selling food and drink for consumption on the premises (including restaurants, cafes, bars and pubs), as well as many leisure and tourism services, close physical contact services, and social/recreational/cultural services in community centres and village halls. [105] The 'premises' for this purpose could be indoors or outdoors. [106] Government guidance provided a list of "in scope" services and settings. [107]

Requirement to display QR Code

Every business or service provider covered by the regulations had to display an approved QR code that could be scanned with a smartphone by people entering the premises. [108] It became a criminal offence not to display a code from 24 September 2020. [109]

Requirement to request and retain contact details

Whenever anyone over the age of 16 [110] entered the premises, the business or service provider had either to ensure that the person has scanned the QR code, [111] or had to request contact details including name and (in order of precedence) phone number, email address or postal address. [112] Where people entered in a group, the number of people in the group also had to be requested. [113]

These rules applied to anyone entering the premises (including customers, staff and volunteers), unless exempt. [114] Exemptions were made where a person entered for the sole purpose of making postal, courier or other deliveries and collections; and for police officers and emergency responders in the course of their duty. [115]

Where a person entering the premises was expected to interact with only a single member of staff, the name of that staff member also had to be recorded. [116]

The recorded contact details had to be held securely for 21 days, and released on request to the Secretary of State or a Public Health Officer. [117] After 21 days the details had to be destroyed. [118]

Requirement to request details from groups

Where a group sought entry, the business or service provider had to obtain contact details from every group member, apart from those who had scanned the QR code or who were under 16. [119] Either each group member could provide details individually, or one group member could provide details for the group as a whole. [120] Where a group was larger than six (for example where they were all of the same household or linked households), they had to be treated as separate sub-groups of no more than six for this purpose. [121]

From 29 March 2021, SI 2021/364 (the "Steps" regulations) deleted the clauses relating to groups, instead requiring each member of the group to provide their own contact details as if entering the venue alone. [122]

Requirement to refuse entry

If anyone seeking entry for the purpose of consuming food or drink neither provided the requested information in full, nor scanned the QR code, admission had to be refused. [123] This requirement did not apply to the non food and drink establishments listed above. [124]

Penalties

Businesses or service providers breaching certain of the regulations could receive a fixed penalty of £1000 (£500 if paid in 14 days), rising to £4000 for repeated violations. [125] Offenders could also be prosecuted. [126] Breaches subject to penalty or prosecution were: [127]

It was not an offence for members of the public to fail to provide valid contact details, nor for a premises to fail to refuse entry to customers who fail to provide valid contact details. [127]

From 28 September, SI 2020/1045 amended the maximum fine to £10,000. [128]

Expiry

These regulations were set to expire 12 months after they came into force. [129]

Pubs etc to enforce social distancing, 18 September 2020

The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Obligations of Hospitality Undertakings) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/1008) also came into effect on 18 September. These regulations imposed requirements on the hospitality industry to take measures to ensure social distancing. [130]

As with the original regulations, SI 2020/1008 was introduced using emergency powers under the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 to enact the regulations "by reason of urgency" subject to retrospective approval by resolution of each House of Parliament within twenty-eight days. [131] The regulations were made by the secretary of state, Nadhim Zahawi. [132]

Changes to the regulations

Pubs, cafes, restaurants and other businesses that provided food or drink for consumption on the premises had to take reasonable measures to ensure that [133]

Larger groups were permitted when all members were from the same or a linked household. [134]

There was an 'appropriate distance' between tables when they were spaced apart by at least two metres; [135] or by at least one metre with [136]

Penalties

Infringement of the regulations could result in a fixed penalty notice of £1000, rising to £4000 for repeated violations. [137] Offenders could also be prosecuted. [138]

Expiry

These regulations were set to expire on 17 September 2021. [139]

Amendments of 28 September 2020

These regulations were amended with effect from 28 September 2020 by The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Obligations of Undertakings) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/1046). From that date the word “Hospitality” was omitted from the title of the regulations [140] and the following changes were made:

The 28 September amendments also required anyone responsible for premises where a face covering was compulsory to display a conspicuous notice or to otherwise ensure that people entering were aware of the requirement. It also prohibited the person responsible from preventing or seeking to prevent the wearing of a face covering by anyone required to wear one. [143]

Opening hours restrictions, smaller gatherings, 24 & 28 Sept 2020

The regulations were further amended on 23 September 2020 by The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) (Amendment) (No. 5) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/1029).

SI 2020/1029 was made by Lord Bethell, using emergency powers under the Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984. The legal basis for the use of the powers was stated to be as before. [144] The regulations were laid before parliament on 24 September 2020, [144] and mostly came into force at 05:00 on 24 September. The Under-Secretary used section 45R of the 1984 act to enact the regulations "by reason of urgency" subject to retrospective approval by resolution of each House of Parliament within twenty-eight days. [145]

Overnight closures

From 24 September the following businesses were required to close between 22:00 and 05:00 daily: restaurants, food and drink takeaways (but not supermarkets, convenience stores, pharmacists or filling stations), cafes and workplace canteens, bars, pubs, social clubs, casinos, bowling alleys, cinemas, theatres, amusement arcades or other indoor leisure centres or facilities, funfairs (indoors or outdoors), theme and adventure parks and activities, bingo halls, and concert halls. [146] [147]

Exemptions

Cinemas, theatres and concert halls could remain open after 22:00 for the purpose of completing performances which began before that time. [148]

Businesses could continue to sell food or drink between 22:00 and 05:00 by way of a delivery service in response to orders made online, by phone, text or post. [149] Overnight drive-throughs could also remain in operation, [150] and overnight food and drink could continue to be provided by motorway service stations. [151]

Table service and customer seating

New table service and customer seating rules were applied to certain venues, namely restaurants, cafes and workplace canteens, bars, pubs, social clubs and casinos, and to food and drink takeaways (other than supermarkets, convenience stores, pharmacists and filling stations).

Such venues selling alcohol were required to serve all food and drink to customers seated at tables. Customers had to order at the table, and to remain seated while eating and drinking. [152] Such venues not selling alcohol were not required to serve customers at a table, but they had to ensure that customers eating and drinking on the premises remained seated. [153]

Reductions in permitted gatherings

From 24 September, the exception to the rule of six for large 'significant event gatherings' was abolished, and such gatherings were restricted to six people. [154] Gatherings for funerals could, however, still be of up to 30. [154] The maximum attendance at support group meetings reduced from 30 to 15, and such meetings could no longer take place at private dwellings. [155] Non-elite sports gatherings of more than six people could no longer take place indoors unless the participants were disabled. [156]

From 28 September, the legally-permitted maximum attendance at wedding and civil partnership ceremonies and their associated receptions reduced from 30 to 15. [157] Government guidance stated that anyone who was working was not counted towards this limit. [158]

Penalties

Contravening the overnight closure or table service and customer seating requirements could result in a fixed penalty notice for £1,000, rising on a sliding scale to £10,000 for fourth and subsequent breaches. [159] Penalties relating to the permitted gatherings rules were doubled from £200 to £6,400 depending on the number of breaches. [160] [161] Offenders could also be prosecuted. [42]

Local lockdown exceptions

SI 2020/684 defined the general rules that applied across most of England, though the Leicester area was initially excluded due to higher rates of coronavirus there. Subsequent amendments later applied more restrictive rules to many other local areas.

The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (No. 3) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/750), which came into force on 18 July 2020, gave local authorities power to give directions affecting premises, events and public open spaces within their areas. [162]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Self-Isolation) (England) Regulations 2020</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

The Health Protection (Self-Isolation) (England) Regulations 2020 is a statutory instrument (SI) made on 27 September 2020 by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. They are sometimes referred to as the Self-Isolation Regulations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First COVID-19 tier regulations in England</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

On 14 October 2020, the UK Government abandoned its attempts to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by means of piecemeal local regulations and introduced a three-tier approach across England, with legal restrictions varying according to government-defined tiers. Tier 1 restrictions were referred to as 'Local COVID Alert Level Medium', with tier 2 being 'Local COVID Alert Level High' and tier 3 'Local COVID Alert Level Very High'. The restrictions were enforced by three English statutory instruments, as follows:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (No. 4) Regulations 2020</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2020 is an English statutory instrument made on 3 November 2020 by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (All Tiers) (England) Regulations 2020</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2020 is an English emergency statutory instrument that replaced the second lockdown regulations from 2 December 2020. As initially made, it brought back the three-tier legal framework first introduced by the first COVID-19 tier regulations in England, but with changes to the restrictions within each tier. The regulations are sometimes referred as the "second tier regulations" or the "all tiers regulations".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Local Authority Enforcement Powers and Amendment) (England) Regulations 2020</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2020 is an English statutory instrument that empowered local authority officers to issue legally-binding notices to anyone found to be contravening one of the emergency coronavirus provisions. Notices could require remedial action and the closure of premises. Failure to comply was an offence, and could be dealt with by the courts or by issuance of a fixed penalty notice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (All Tiers and Self-Isolation) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2021</span> United Kingdom legislation

The Health Protection (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2021 is an emergency statute in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in England, which came into force at 5.00pm on 29 January 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Steps) (England) Regulations 2021</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

The Health Protection (Steps) (England) Regulations 2021 is an English emergency statutory instrument which replaced the Health Protection (England) Regulations 2020 from 29 March 2021. Initially, all of England was subject to Step 1 restrictions. Step 2 applied from 12 April 2021 and Step 3 from 17 May 2021. The regulations were originally set to expire on 30 June 2021, but that was later extended to the end of 18 July 2021. They were revoked on the latter date.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, International Travel and Operator Liability) (England) Regulations 2021</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2021 is a statutory instrument (SI) made on 14 May 2021 by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The regulations aimed to reduce the possibility of infection spreading from travellers from overseas. They revoked and replaced the Health Protection (England) Regulations 2020, and introduced a new set of requirements for international travellers who arrived in England having begun their journey outside the Common Travel Area (CTA), as well as travellers arriving from within the CTA who had been outside the CTA in the 10 days preceding their arrival. Travellers arriving in England who had remained entirely within the CTA during the preceding 10 days were mostly not affected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, Wearing of Face Coverings) (England) Regulations 2021</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2021 (SI 2021/1340) is a statutory instrument (SI) made by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care in response to the Omicron variant during the COVID-19 pandemic. The regulations were similar to previous face covering regulations that had been revoked in July 2021. Subject to some exceptions, they required members of the public in England to wear a face covering on public transport and in most indoor shops between 30 November 2021 and 26 January 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Entry to Venues and Events) (England) Regulations 2021</span> United Kingdom emergency legislation

The Health Protection (England) Regulations 2021 is a statutory instrument (SI) made on 13 December 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The regulations, which covered England only, were introduced following increasing concerns about the Omicron variant. They mostly came into effect on 15 December 2021 and expired on 26 January 2022.

References

  1. ↑ "People with fever or cough told to self-isolate". BBC News. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  2. ↑ "Avoid office, pubs and travel to stop virus – PM". BBC News. 16 March 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  3. ↑ "UK schools to close from Friday". BBC News. 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  4. ↑ SI 350 (2020), Reg 2(1).
  5. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 2.
  6. 1 2 3 SI 684 (2020), Preamble.
  7. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Introductory note.
  8. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 1(3).
  9. ↑ SI 684 (2020), R3(1).
  10. ↑ SI 350 (2020), Reg 3(1).
  11. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 3(1).
  12. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 3(2).
  13. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 1(4).
  14. ↑ "Leicestershire coronavirus lockdown: areas and changes". GOV.UK. Department of Health and Social Care. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  15. ↑ "Coronavirus: Pubs can't open in England until 6am as lockdown eased". BBC News. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  16. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4(1) & Schedule 2.
  17. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4(2).
  18. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4(1).
  19. 1 2 3 "Guidance: Closing certain businesses and venues in England". Gov.uk. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  20. ↑ SI 350 (2020), Schedule 2, part 2, as amended.
  21. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Schedule 2.
  22. ↑ SI 588 (2020), Reg 2(4)(c).
  23. 1 2 SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(6)(c).
  24. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(1)(b)(i).
  25. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(6)(c)&5(7)(b).
  26. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(7)(a).
  27. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(4).
  28. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(1)&5(2).
  29. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3).
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(c).
  31. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(c)(3).
  32. 1 2 SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(b).
  33. 1 2 SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(d).
  34. ↑ "Guidance: Staying alert and safe (social distancing)". Gov.uk. 3 July 2020.
  35. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 6(1).
  36. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 6(9)&(10).
  37. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 6(12)(a).
  38. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 6(11)&8(1).
  39. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 6(7).
  40. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 6(13).
  41. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 7(1)&7(10)(b).
  42. 1 2 SI 684 (2020), Reg 8(1).
  43. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 9.
  44. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 10.
  45. ↑ SI 1103 (2020), Schedule 3.
  46. ↑ SI 350 (2020), Reg 12(1).
  47. 1 2 SI 719 (2020), Preamble.
  48. ↑ SI 719 (2020), Introductory note.
  49. ↑ SI 719 (2020), 2(3).
  50. ↑ SI 719 (2020), 2(4).
  51. 1 2 SI 788 (2020), Preamble.
  52. ↑ SI 788 (2020), Introductory note.
  53. ↑ SI 788 (2020), Reg 2(7) & Explanatory note.
  54. 1 2 SI 863 (2020), Preamble.
  55. ↑ SI 863 (2020), Introductory note.
  56. ↑ SI 863 (2020), Reg 2 & Explanatory note.
  57. ↑ "Prime Minister announces stronger enforcement measures as easements resume". GOV.UK. Prime Minister's Office. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  58. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Explanatory note.
  59. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new Reg 5A.
  60. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new Reg 5B(2)(b)(i).
  61. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new Reg 5B(2)(b)(iii) & 5B(3)).
  62. 1 2 3 SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(5).
  63. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new 5B(4)(c)(i) and (ii).
  64. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new 5B(4)(c)(iii).
  65. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new 5B(4)(c)(iv) and (v).
  66. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new 5B(4)(b).
  67. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new 5B(4)(d).
  68. ↑ SI 907 (2020), Reg 2(3), inserting new Reg 5B(1) & 5B(4).
  69. ↑ SI 986 (2020), Explanatory note.
  70. 1 2 "Rule of six comes into effect to tackle coronavirus". Gov.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  71. ↑ SI 986 (2020), Signature.
  72. ↑ SI 986 (2020), Introductory note.
  73. 1 2 SI 986 (2020), Preamble.
  74. ↑ SI 986 (2020), Reg 2(3)(a).
  75. ↑ SI 986 (2020), Reg 2(2)(b) and explanatory note.
  76. ↑ SI 986 (2020), Reg 2(4).
  77. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5ZA.
  78. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5ZA(5).
  79. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(1)(a).
  80. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(2B).
  81. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(2) and (2A).
  82. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(1).
  83. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(2) and (3).
  84. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(e).
  85. 1 2 SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(f).
  86. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(h).
  87. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(i).
  88. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(j).
  89. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(k).
  90. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(l).
  91. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5(3)(m).
  92. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5E.
  93. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5F.
  94. 1 2 "Coronavirus outbreak FAQs: what you can and can't do". Gov.uk. 14 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  95. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5B.
  96. ↑ SI 907 (2020).
  97. ↑ SI 986 (2020), Reg 2(6).
  98. ↑ Mercer, David. "Coronavirus: 'Rule of six' comes into force as medics warn of second COVID-19 peak". Sky News. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  99. ↑ Waugh, Paul (14 September 2020). "Grouse Shooting And Hunting Exempt From Johnson's 'Rule Of Six' Covid Curbs". Huffington Post UK . Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  100. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Explanatory note.
  101. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 2(1).
  102. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 2(2).
  103. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Introductory note.
  104. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Signature.
  105. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 5 and schedule.
  106. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 4.
  107. ↑ "Maintaining records of staff, customers and visitors to support NHS Test and Trace". GOV.UK. Department of Health and Social Care. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  108. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Regs 4 and 6.
  109. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 17(1)(a).
  110. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 7(4)(b).
  111. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 7(3).
  112. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 7(2) and 10.
  113. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 10(1)(f).
  114. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 9(1).
  115. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 9(2).
  116. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 11.
  117. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Regs 13–15.
  118. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 13(a).
  119. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 8(2), 8(4) and 8(5)(b).
  120. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 8(2).
  121. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 8(3).
  122. ↑ SI 364 (2021), Schedule 8, part 3.
  123. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 16.
  124. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 5(2).
  125. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 18(6) and (7).
  126. ↑ SI 1005 (2020), Reg 19.
  127. 1 2 SI 1005 (2020), Reg 17 (1).
  128. ↑ SI 1045 (2020), Reg 4(d).
  129. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Reg 21(1).
  130. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Explanatory note.
  131. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Introductory note.
  132. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Signature.
  133. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Reg 2(1).
  134. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 5.
  135. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Reg 2(2)(a)(i).
  136. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Reg 2(2)(a)(ii).
  137. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Reg 4.
  138. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Reg 5.
  139. ↑ SI 1008 (2020), Reg 7(1).
  140. ↑ SI 1046 (2020), 2 (3) (a).
  141. ↑ SI 1046 (2020), 2 (4).
  142. 1 2 SI 1046 (2020), 2 (5) (c).
  143. ↑ SI 1046 (2020), 2 (6).
  144. 1 2 SI 1029 (2020), Preamble.
  145. ↑ SI 1029 (2020), Introductory note.
  146. ↑ SI 1029 (2020), Reg 2(3).
  147. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4A(1).
  148. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4A(3).
  149. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4A(2)(a).
  150. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4A(2)(b).
  151. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4A(4).
  152. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4B(1).
  153. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 4B(2).
  154. 1 2 SI 1029 (2020), Reg 2(4)(a)(iii).
  155. ↑ SI 1029 (2020), 2 (4)(a)(i).
  156. ↑ SI 1029 (2020), Reg 2(4)(a)(v).
  157. ↑ SI 1029 (2020), Reg 2(4)(a)(ii) and (iv).
  158. ↑ "COVID-19: guidance for the safe use of places of worship during the pandemic". GOV.UK. Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government. 8 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  159. ↑ SI 684 (2020), Reg 9(6)(za).
  160. ↑ SI 1029 (2020), Reg 2(7)(a)(ii).
  161. ↑ SI 1029 (2020), Reg 2(7)(b) and (c).
  162. ↑ "SI 750". legislation.gov.uk. 16 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.

Bibliography

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