James originally classified the genus in the family Lecideaceae,[2] but it has since been included in the Ramalinaceae (2017),[3][4] and, more recently (2022), in the Cladoniaceae.[5] This is because in 2014, it was shown using molecular phylogenetics that Herteliana taylorii grouped together in a clade with Squamarina, and should thus be excluded from the Ramalinaceae and transferred elsewhere in the Lecanorales; the authors concomitantly recommended resurrecting the family Squamarinaceae (originally proposed by Josef Hafellner in 1984[6]) to contain Herteliana and Squamarina.[7] In 2018, Kraichuk and colleagues proposed to fold the Squamarinaceae into the Cladoniaceae,[8] a taxonomic suggestion that had been accepted by later authors.[3]
The thallus (the body of the lichen) of Herteliana is crust-like. The apothecia (fruiting bodies) can be either embedded within the thallus or sit directly on its surface, are spherical ( globose ), and have a distinct margin. The excipulum (the outer layer of the apothecium) is made up of tightly packed cells that resemble plant tissue ( pseudoparenchymatous ). The hypothecium (the layer below the spore-producing area) extends significantly and forms a root-like structure, and is nearly colourless.[1]
The paraphyses (sterile filaments within the apothecia) have swollen tips, are mostly unbranched, but sometimes they branch and reconnect. The asci (spore-producing sacs) resemble those in the genus Lecanora and typically contain eight spores. The ascospores are broadly spindle-shaped, simple (not divided by septa), and colourless.[1]
The pycnidia (structures that produce asexual spores) are embedded in the thallus, and the conidia (asexual spores) are formed at the tips, are sickle-shaped, simple, and colourless.[1]
1 2 3 4 Hawksworth, D.L.; James, P.W.; Coppins, B.J. (1980). "Checklist of British lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi". The Lichenologist. 12 (1): 1–115 [106]. doi:10.1017/s0024282980000035.
1 2 Hertel, Hannes (2012). Gattungseponyme bei Flechten und Lichenicolen Pilzen[Generic Eponyms in Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi]. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol.107. Stuttgart: J. Cramer. p.51. ISBN978-3-443-58086-5.
1 2 Lücking, Robert; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Leavitt, Steven D. (2017). "The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota–Approaching one thousand genera". The Bryologist. 119 (4): 361–416 [387]. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361. JSTOR44250015.
↑ Hafellner, J. (1984). "Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung der Sammelfamilien Lecanoracae und Lecideaceae" [Studies towards a natural classification of the collective families Lecanoraceae and Lecideaceae]. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia (in German). 79: 241–371 [337].
↑ Kraichak, Ekaphan; Huang, Jen-Pan; Nelsen, Matthew; Leavitt, Steven D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (3): 233–249. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy060.
↑ Ekman, S. (1996). "The corticolous and lignicolous species of Bacidia and Bacidina in North America". Opera Botanica. 127: 127.
↑ Fryday, A.M. (2004). "New species and records of lichenized fungi from Campbell Island and the Auckland Islands, New Zealand". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 88: 127–146.
↑ Laundon, J.R. (2005). "The publication and typification of Sir James Edward Smith's lichens in English Botany". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 147 (4): 483–499.
↑ Lendemer, J.C. (2016). "Herteliana schuyleriana (Squamarinaceae), a new crustose lichen widespread in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America". Bartonia. 69: 62–76.
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