Histiophryne

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Histiophryne
Psychedelic frogfish 08Am6A1b.jpg
Psychedelic Frogfish ( Histiophryne psychedelica )
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Lophiiformes
Family: Antennariidae
Subfamily: Histiophryninae
Genus: Histiophryne
T. N. Gill, 1863
Type species
* Chironectes bougainvilli
Synonyms [1]

Histiophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are found in waters ranging from Taiwan to South Australia. There are currently five known species. These fishes are easily distinguished from other anglerfishes as having a reduced (or missing) luring appendage, a highly evolved form of the first dorsal fin spine.

Contents

Taxonomy

Histiophryne was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1863 by the American biologist Theodore Gill with Chironectes bougainvilli designated as its type species. [1] C. bougainvilli was first formally described by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes withits type locality given as "Indian seas". [2] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Histiophryninae within the family Antennariidae. [3] , while others recognise it as the family Histiophrynidae. [4] However, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Antennariidae, classifying the family within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. [5]

Etymology

Histiophryne, combines histio, meaaning "sail", an allusion the author of the name, Theodore Gill, did not explain but it may refer to the long soft-rayed dorsal fin which is connected to the caudal fin. The second part is phryne, which means "toad", a suffix commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera, dating back to Aristotle and Cicero, who called anglerfishes "fishing frogs" or sea frogs". [6]

Species

Histiophryne currently contains the following six recognised species: [7] [8]

Features

General Body Plan

Frogfishes have a short, spherical body that is laterally compressed. [11] They have a large mouth that further enlarges when attacking prey. [11] [12] Their fins are similar to legs and are jointed. [11] The ends of the anal and dorsal fins of Histiophryne spread past the bottom of the caudal fin and the tail is frequently curved against the body. [13] Histiophryne have a swim bladder, 20 to 23 vertebrae, and can have raised bumps of skin on the body. [14] They do not have an epural, pseudobranch, caudal peduncle, or dent between the second and third spines. [11]

Dorsal Spines

Frogfishes have three developed spines on the top of their head. The second and third spines of organisms in the genus Histiophryne look like small bumps because they are attached to the surface of the head with skin. [11] The first spine, the illicium, is found near the snout and is used by frogfish to lure prey. [15] The spine ends with a fleshy tip called the esca. [12] In Histiophryne, the size of the illicium is significantly smaller, frequently covered by skin, and not banded. [13] [14] The esca may be absent in some species of Histiophryne, including H. pogonius and H. psychedelica. [14] If present, the esca is hard to differentiate it from the illicium due to its small size. [11] [14]

Dermal Spinules

The dermal spinules may or may not be present on species of the genus Histiophryne. If the spinules are present, they are very small and far apart from each other. The illicium does not have any dermal spinules. [11]

Movement

Frogfishes are sedentary creatures, preferring to wait for prey on the seafloor, [16] but can use a few different methods to move around. They can walk along the seafloor with their pelvic and jointed pectoral fins as well as swim through the water. [15] [17] They have two fundamental walks which resemble the stride of tetrapods. [14] Their ability to walk has been used as evidence for the evolution of fins to limbs within the ocean. [18] When moving longer distances, the frogfish will swim using one of three methods: subcarangiform swimming, jet propulsion, or “kick-and-glide.” In subcarangiform swimming, the frogfish will keep its fins close to its body and move the body and caudal fin in a back and forth motion. [14] In jet propulsion, the frogfish will inhale a substantial amount of water into its mouth and push it out through its gills. This quick emission of water will move the frogfish forwards. In “kick-and-glide” swimming the frogfish will combine three methods of propulsion to quickly escape predators. The frogfish uses jet propulsion, moves the caudal fin three to five times, and moves the pectoral fins once. Then the frogfish glides by pressing its fins into the body. [14]

Feeding

Frogfishes camouflage with their surroundings and wait for prey to approach. [11] [17] Frogfishes use their lure to entice prey to come closer, however the illicium is too small in the genus Histiophryne to lure prey. [14] If the prey – even one slightly larger than the frogfish – is close enough, the frogfish will enlarge its mouth and use suction feeding to swallow its prey in a matter of milliseconds. [17] [19] The frogfish will eat a wide variety of prey and is unselective when it comes to their diet. They have even been found to eat their own kind. The frogfish will reject the prey if it is too big or becomes stuck in its mouth. [14]

Reproduction

The genus Histiophryne has oval-shaped ovaries and lacks a larval stage. [14] Offspring go through parental care and direct development, hatching as relatively large juveniles. [14] [15] The parents carry a small amount of large eggs in an egg cluster, which is held in a pocket. The parent wraps its tail around its body to form this pocket, which is found between the body, pectoral fin, and tail. [14]

Location

The genus Histiophryne is found in primarily shallow water within the Indo-Australian Archipelago. [15] The genus is found in the waters surrounding Taiwan, the Philippines, the Maluku Islands, and the southern coast of Australia. [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frogfish</span> Family of fishes

Frogfishes are any member of the anglerfish family Antennariidae, of the order Lophiiformes. Antennariids are known as anglerfish in Australia, where the term "frogfish" refers to members of the unrelated family Batrachoididae. Frogfishes are found in almost all tropical and subtropical oceans and seas around the world, the primary exception being the Mediterranean Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sargassum fish</span> Species of fish

The sargassum fish, anglerfish, or frog fish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes, the only species in the genus Histrio. It lives among Sargassum seaweed which floats in subtropical oceans. The scientific name comes from the Latin histrio meaning a stage player or actor and refers to the fish's feeding behaviour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Striated frogfish</span> Species of fish

The striated frogfish or hairy frogfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific and eastern Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commerson's frogfish</span> Species of fish

Commerson's frogfish or the giant frogfish, Antennarius commerson,, is a species of euryhaline ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glauert's anglerfish</span> Species of fish

Glauert's anglerfish is species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This species is the only species in the monospecific genus Allenichthys. This species is endemic to southern Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butler's frogfish</span> Species of fish

The Butler's frogfish or blackspot anglerfish, Tathicarpus butleri, is a rare species of frogfish in the family Antennariidae. The only member of its genus, this species is the most derived member of its family and represents a separate lineage from all other frogfishes, leading to some consideration of it being placed in its own family. It is found off the southern coast of New Guinea, and along the coasts of Western Australia to 33° S latitude, the Northern Territory, and Queensland to 22° S latitude. A benthic species, it inhabits inshore tropical waters and coral reefs to a maximum depth of 145 m (476 ft), though most are found shallower than 45 m (148 ft). Its specific epithet is after its discoverer Dr. Graham Butler.

<i>Antennarius</i> Genus of fishes

Antennarius is a genus marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are found in warmer parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Antennatus</i> Genus of fishes

Antennatus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are found the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Echinophryne</i> Genus of fishes

Echinophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are endemic to the waters off Australia.

<i>Fowlerichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Fowlerichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in this genus are found the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Kuiterichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Kuiterichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are endemic to Australia.

<i>Nudiantennarius</i> Species of fish

Nudiantennarius is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The only species in the genus is Nudiantennarius subteres, the deepwater frogfish. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Phyllophryne</i> Species of fish

Phyllophryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The only species in the genus is Phyllophryne scortea, the white-spotted anglerfish, smooth anglerfish or smooth frogfish, which is endemic to southern Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painted frogfish</span> Species of fish

The painted frogfish, or spotted frogfish, black angler or painted anglerfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Antennatus tuberosus</i> Species of fish

Antennatus tuberosus, the tuberculate anglerfish, pygmy angler, pygmy frogfish or tuberculated frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This fish is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Echinophryne crassispina</i> Species of fish

Echinophryne crassispina, the prickly anglerfish, prickly frogfish or thick-spined anglerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are endemic to the temperate waters of southern Australia.

<i>Echinophryne mitchellii</i> Species of fish

Echinophryne mitchellii, the long-spined frogfish, bristly frogfish, Mitchell's anglerfish, Mitchell's frogfish, prickly angler fish or spinycoat anglerfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. These fishes are endemic to the temperate waters of southern Australia.

<i>Lophiocharon trisignatus</i> Species of fish

Lophiocharon trisignatus, the spot-tail anglerfish, rough anglerfish or three-spot frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Histiophryninae in the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Abantennarius</i> Genus of fishes

Abantennarius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The fishes in the genus are found in the Indian, Pacific and, one species, in the Western Atlantic Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Histiophryninae</span> Subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes

Histiophryninae, the star-fingered frogfishes, is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The species in this family are found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

References

  1. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Histiophrynidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Histiophryne". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  3. ↑ Arnold, R. J.; R. G. Harcourt; and T. W. Pietsch (2014). "A new genus and species of the frogfish family Antennariidae (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennarioidei) from New South Wales, Australia, with a diagnosis and key to the genera of the Histiophryninae". Copeia. 2014 (3): 534–539. doi:10.1643/CI-13-155.
  4. ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2024). "Histiophrynidae" in FishBase . February 2024 version.
  5. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  6. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (14 November 2022). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  7. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Histiophryne in FishBase . April 2012 version.
  8. 1 2 Arnold, R.J. (2012). "A new species of frogfish of the genus Histiophyrne (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennariidae) from Lombok and Komodo, Indonesia". Zootaxa. 3253: 62–68.
  9. ↑ Arnold, R.J. & Pietsch, T.W. (2011). "A new species of frogfish of the genus Histiophryne (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennariidae) from Queensland, Australia". Zootaxa. 2925: 63–68.
  10. ↑ Arnold, R. J. and T. W. Pietsch (2018). "Fantastic beasts and where to find them: a new species of the frogfish genus Histiophryne Gill (Lophiiformes: Antennariidae: Histiophryninae) from Western and South Australia, with a revised key to congeners". Copeia. 106 (4): 622–631. doi:10.1643/CI-18-112.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pietsch, Theodore W. (1984-02-23). "The Genera of Frogfishes (Family Antennariidae)". Copeia. 1984 (1): 27–44. doi:10.2307/1445032. JSTOR   1445032.
  12. 1 2 Pietsch, Theodore W.; Grobecker, David B. (1990). "Frogfishes". Scientific American. 262 (6): 96–103. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0690-96. ISSN   0036-8733. JSTOR   24996833.
  13. 1 2 Arnold, Rachel J.; Pietsch, Theodore W. (October 2018). "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: A New Species of the Frogfish Genus Histiophryne Gill (Lophiiformes: Antennariidae: Histiophryninae) from Western and South Australia, with a Revised Key to Congeners". Copeia. 106 (4): 622–631. doi:10.1643/CI-18-112. ISSN   0045-8511. S2CID   92088859.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pietsch, Theodore W. (2020). Frogfishes : biodiversity, zoogeography, and behavioral ecology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN   978-1-4214-3253-3. OCLC   1129443278.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Arnold, Rachel J.; Pietsch, Theodore W. (January 2012). "Evolutionary history of frogfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennariidae): A molecular approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.012. PMID   21985964.
  16. ↑ Carnevale, Giorgio; Pietsch, Theodore W.; Bonde, Niels; Leal, Maria E. C.; Marramà, Giuseppe (2020-03-03). "† Neilpeartia ceratoi , gen. et sp. nov., a new frogfish from the Eocene of Bolca, Italy". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (2): e1778711. Bibcode:2020JVPal..40E8711C. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1778711. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   222210329.
  17. 1 2 3 Harasti, David (March 2021). "Frogfishes: Biodiversity, Zoogeography and Behavioural Ecology Theodore W.Pietsch and Rachel J.Arnold Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 586 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐4214‐3252‐6". Journal of Fish Biology. 98 (3): 898. doi:10.1111/jfb.14636. ISSN   0022-1112. S2CID   233785332.[ verification needed ]
  18. ↑ Pierce, S. E.; Hutchinson, J. R.; Clack, J. A. (2013-08-01). "Historical Perspectives on the Evolution of Tetrapodomorph Movement". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 53 (2): 209–223. doi: 10.1093/icb/ict022 . ISSN   1540-7063. PMID   23624864.
  19. ↑ De Brauwer, Maarten; Hobbs, Jean-Paul A. (December 2016). "Stars and stripes: biofluorescent lures in the striated frogfish indicate role in aggressive mimicry". Coral Reefs. 35 (4): 1171. Bibcode:2016CorRe..35.1171D. doi: 10.1007/s00338-016-1493-1 . ISSN   0722-4028. S2CID   43673446.
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