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Humour in Islam refers to the act of doing things that are considered humorous under the guidelines set by the Quran and the Islamic prophet Muhammad. [1]
Laughter, fun, and joking are permissible in Islam provided guidelines from the Quran and hadith are followed. For humour to be in accordance with Islam, the joke should not be blasphemous and should be within the limits of adab (manners). [1]
1) Muhammad used to smile, rather than laugh. His wife Aisha said:
"I never saw the Messenger of Allah laugh fully to such an extent that I could see his uvula. He would only smile."
— Sunan Abu Dawood Volume 3, Book 41: Kitab Al-Adab (General Behavior), Hadith Number 5079; [2] Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 8, Book 73: Kitab Al-Adab (Good Manners and Form), Hadith Number 114. [3]
2) Muhammad's smile and his companions' laughing sessions. Jabir ibn Samurah narrated:
Simak ibn Harb asked Jabir ibn Samurah, "Did you sit in the company of the Messenger of Allah?" He said: Yes, very often. He (the Prophet) used to sit at the place where he observed the morning or dawn prayer till the sun rose or when it had risen; he would stand, and they (his Companions) would talk about matters (pertaining to the days) of ignorance, and they would laugh (on these matters) while (the Prophet) only smiled.
3) Aisha also narrated:
The Prophet in his fatal illness, called his daughter Fatima and told her a secret because of which she started weeping. Then he called her and told her another secret, and she started laughing. When I asked her about that, she replied, "The Prophet told me that he would die in his fatal illness, and so I wept, but then he secretly told me that from amongst his family, I would be the first to join him, and so I laughed."
— Sahih Muslim, Volume 4, Book 56: (Virtues and Merits of the Prophet and his Companions), Hadith Number 819. [5]
4) Muhammad encouraged to be jestful with your family. Ibn Mas'ud said that Muhammad said:
"Mix with the people on the condition that your Deen is not jeopardized, and be jestful with the family."
5) Abu Dharr al-Ghifari narrated that Muhammad said:
"...I indeed saw the Messenger of Allah laugh till his front teeth were exposed."
6) Muhammad discouraged laughing at inappropriate times. Al-Aswad ibn Yazid narrated:
Some young men from the Quraish visited Aisha as she was in Mina and they were laughing. She said: "What makes you laugh?” They said: Such and such person stumbled against the rope of the tent and he was about to break his neck or lose his eyes. She said: “Don’t laugh for I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: If a Muslim runs a thorn or (gets into trouble) severe than this, there is assured for him (a higher) rank and his sins are obliterated."
— Sahih Muslim, Book 32: Kitab Al-Birr was-Salat-I-wa'l-Adab (The Book of Virtue, Good Manners and Joining of the Ties of Relationship), Chapter 12, Hadith Number 6237. [9]
7) Muhammad encouraged jokes about the truth. Abu Hurairah said:
When some of his companions said to Prophet Muhammad: "O Prophet Muhammad, yet, you also joke with us!" He replied: "Yes, I do. But I only tell the truth."
8) Muhammad discouraged lying to make people laugh. [11]
"Woe to the one who speaks and tells lies in order to make the people laugh; woe to him, woe to him."
9) Muhammad discouraged frightening anyone as a joke.
Once when travelling, one of the sahabah fell asleep, the others got some rope and tied him up. The man woke up and was frightened so Prophet Muhammad said: "It is not lawful to any Muslim to frighten another Muslim."
10) Muhammad discouraged joking or laughing excessively. [13]
Muhammad said:
"Do not laugh too much, for laughing too much deadens the heart."
Muhammad discouraged backbiting and inappropriate language:
"(Backbiting is) your mentioning about your brother something that he dislikes."
— Sahih Muslim, Book 32: (The Book of Virtue, Good Manners and Joining of the Ties of Relationship), Chapter 18, Hadith Number 6265. [14]
"The Muslim does not slander, curse, speak obscenely or speak rudely."
Muhammad is reported by Tirmidhi to have said: "Why are there no old women in heaven? Because they become young girls when they get there." [16] [17]
Other instances include a man who came up to Muhammad to ask him to give him a beast to ride. Muhammad jokingly told him, "I will give you the offspring of a she-camel to ride." He said, "O Messenger of Allah, what will I do with the offspring of a she-camel?" Muhammad said: "Are riding-camels born except from she-camels?" (Reported by Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi, as Sahih). [17]
The Muhammad's companions would limit jokes, joke at appropriate times, and be cautious of joking.
Umar ibn al-Khattab narrated that:
"Whoever laughs too much or jokes too much loses respect, and whoever persists in doing something will be known for it."
— [13]
Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas said:
"Set a limit to your jokes, for going to extremes makes you lose respect and incites the foolish against you."
— [18]
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz said:
"Fear joking, for it is folly and generates grudges."
— [19]
In al-Adab al-Mufrad, Bukhari reports from Bakr ibn 'Abdillah who said: "The Companions of the Prophet used to throw melon-rinds at one another, but when the matter was serious, they were the only true men." [17]
"That it is He Who granteth Laughter and Tears."
"O ye who believe! Let not some men among you laugh at others: It may be that the (latter) are better than the (former): Nor let some women laugh at others: It may be that the (latter are better than the (former): Nor defame nor be sarcastic to each other, nor call each other by (offensive) nicknames: Ill-seeming is a name connoting wickedness, (to be used of one) after he has believed: And those who do not desist are (indeed) doing wrong."
"If thou dost question them, they declare (with emphasis): 'We were only talking idly and in play.' Say: 'Was it at Allah, and His Signs, and His Messenger, that ye were mocking?' Make ye no excuses: ye have rejected Faith after ye had accepted it. If We pardon some of you, We will punish others amongst you, for that they are in sin."
Al Jihaz wrote a 'Treatise on seriousness and playfulness.' Ibn Qutaybah said that early Muslims did not dislike joking.[ citation needed ]
Since 9/11, there has been an increase in the number of Muslim comedians and humour festivals. Prominent Muslim comedians include Nabil Abdulrashid, Azhar Usman, Ahmed Ahmed, and Dean Obeidallah. [1] Azhar Usman said the media misrepresent humour in Islam. "The fact is that within Muslim culture there is a strong tradition of storytelling, joking and laughing. The relationship between Islam and comedy goes to the roots of the religion." [1] American comedian Mohammed Amer said that it is Muslims who have done a "terrible job" of communicating with the outside world. [16]
In 2017, in response to the "Real Housewives of ISIS", a parody of "Real Housewives" broadcast by BBC2 show Revolting, provoked widespread outrage and hilarity on Facebook. [25]
Shia cleric Ruhollah Khomeini considered joking to be haram in Islam. In one of his sermons, he stated:
Allah did not create man so that he could have fun. The aim of creation was for mankind to be put to the test through hardship and prayer. An Islamic regime must be serious in every field. There are no jokes in Islam. There is no humour in Islam. There is no fun in Islam. There can be no fun and joy in whatever is serious. Islam does not allow swimming in the sea and is opposed to radio and television serials. Islam, however, allows marksmanship, horseback riding and competition... [26] [27]
In Islam, duʿāʾ is a prayer of invocation, supplication or request, asking help or assistance from God. Duʿāʾ is an integral aspect of Islamic worship and spirituality, serving as a direct line of communication between a believer and Allah. Unlike the formal five daily prayers (Salah) which have specific timings and rituals, duʿāʾ is more flexible and can be made at any time and in any place. Through duʿāʾ, Muslims affirm their dependence on Allah and their trust in His wisdom and mercy.
The Farewell Sermon also known as Muhammad's Final Sermon or the Last Sermon, is a religious speech, delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on Friday the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 AH in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, during the Islamic pilgrimage of Hajj. Muhammad al-Bukhari refers to the sermon and quotes part of it in his Sahih al-Bukhari. Part of it is also present in Sahih Muslim and Sunan Abu Dawood. Verse 5:3, "Today I have perfected for you your religion," is believed to have been recited during the address as the capstone verse of the Quran. Various versions of the sermon have been published, including several English translations. The sermon consists of a series of general exhortations for Muslims to follow the teachings that Muhammad had set forth in the Quran and Sunnah.
Al-Falaq or The Daybreak is the 113th and penultimate chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an. Alongside the 114th surah (Al-Nas), it helps form the Al-Mu'awwidhatayn. Al-Falaq is a brief five ayat (verse) surah, asking God for protection from evil:
Al-Jumuʿah is the 62nd chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 11 verses (āyāt). The chapter is named al-jumu`ah ("Friday") because it is the day of assembly, when the community abandons trade, transactions, and other diversions in favor of assembling to seek the all-encompassing truth and most beneficent and seek the "bounty of God" exclusively. This surah is an Al-Musabbihat surah because it begins with the glorification of God.
The Hypocrites is the 63rd chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 11 verses. Almost all of the chapter is preserved in the Ṣan‘ā’1 lower text.
Al-Aʻlā is the eighty-seventh chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 19 ayat or verses.
Al-Ghāshiyah is the 88th chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 26 ayat or verses. The surah's topics are Paradise, Hell and the miracle of the creation of all things by God.
Sahih Muslim is the second hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. Compiled by Islamic scholar Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj in the musannaf format, the work is valued by Sunnis, alongside Sahih al-Bukhari, as the most important source for Islamic religion after the Qur'an.
Sunan Abi Dawud is the third hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. It was compiled by Persian scholar Abu Dawud al-Sijistani.
In Islam, the munafiqun or false Muslims or false believers are a group decried in the Quran as outward Muslims who were inwardly concealing disbelief ("kufr") and actively sought to undermine the Muslim community. Munafiq is a person who in public and in community shows that he is a Muslim but rejects Islam or speaks against it either in his heart or among the enemies of Islam. The hypocrisy itself is called nifāq (نفاق).
Adab in the context of behavior, refers to prescribed Islamic etiquette: "refinement, good manners, morals, decorum, decency, humaneness". Al-Adab has been defined as "decency, morals".
Sunan al-Tirmidhi is the fourth hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. It was compiled by Islamic scholar al-Tirmidhi in c. 864–884.
Seal of the Prophets is a title used in the Qur'an and by Muslims to designate the Islamic prophet Muhammad as the last of the prophets sent by God.
In Islam, prophetic medicine is the advice regarding sickness, treatment and hygiene based on reports of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as found in the hadith. The therapy involves diet, bloodletting, and cautery, and simple drugs, numerous prayers and pious invocations for the patient to perform, but no surgery. Maladies discussed include fevers, plague, leprosy, poisonous bites, protection from night-flying insects and the evil eye, rules for coitus, theories of embryology, etc. The authors of its manuals were religious clerics who collected and explicated these traditions, not physicians, and it is usually practiced by non-physicians. How much of the medicine is divine revelation and how much folk practices inherited from ancestors is disputed.
Islam uses a number of conventionally complimentary phrases wishing-well or praising religiously-esteemed figures including God (Allah), Muhammad, Muhammad's companions (sahaba), family, other Islamic prophets and messengers, angels, and revered persons. In Twelver Shi'ism, honorifics are used with the Twelve Imams.
The signs of the appearance of the Mahdi are the collection of events, according to Islamic eschatology, that will occur before the arrival of the Mahdi, The signs differ based on Sunni and Shia branches of Islam.
Haya is an Arabic word that means "natural or inherent, shyness and a sense of modesty". In Islamic terminology, it is mainly used in the context of modesty. Haya encourages Muslims to avoid anything considered to be distasteful or abominable. Haya plays an important role in Islam, as it is one of the most important parts of Iman. The antonym of Haya in Arabic is badha'a or fahisha.
Kitab al-Athar, is one of the earlier Hadith books compiled by Imam Muhammad al-Shaybani, the student of Imam Abu Hanifa. This book is sometime referred to Imam Abu Hanifa.
Musnad Ishaq ibn Rahwayh is one of the oldest hadith books and was compiled by Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, who is the teacher of the famous hadith scholars Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, al-Tirmidhi, and al-Nasa'i.
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