Black looper | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Geometridae |
Genus: | Hyposidra |
Species: | H. talaca |
Binomial name | |
Hyposidra talaca (Walker, 1860) | |
Synonyms | |
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Hyposidra talaca, the black looper or black inch worm, [1] is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is found from India to Indochina, Sundaland, Sulawesi, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, the Solomon Islands, Thailand, [2] Taiwan, New Guinea and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. It is a major defoliating pest in tea plantations. [3] [4]
The wingspan is about 30 mm. Female with outer margin of hindwings hardly crenulate. Male with outer margin of neither wing excised. Antennae pectinated. Hindwings with outer margin angled at vein 4. Body dark olive fuscous, more or less irrorated and suffused with grey. Both wings faint traces of medial and crenulate postmedial lines. The cilia dark. Forewings with traces of antemedial line and more or less distinct sub-apical patch in male. Underside with crenulate postmedial line to both wings. [5]
Larva is a looper, with body pinkish olive green, irrorated with black, and with dark patches on 4th and 6th somites. Later instars are uniform brown. [6]
The larvae feed on the foliage of a wide range of plants, including Anacardium , Bombax , Terminalia , Chromolaena , Gynura , Mikania , Cupressus , Aleurites , Aporosa , Bischofia , Breynia , Glochidion , Hevea , Manihot , Ficus , Morus , Psidium , Polygonum , Rubus , Cinchona , Coffea , Mussaenda , Citrus , Euodia , Schleichera , Theobroma , Perilla frutescens , Camellia and Tectona species. [7] [8]
Eggs and caterpillars are largely susceptible for many parasitized hymenopterans, and birds. [9]
Achaea janata, the castor semi-looper or croton caterpillar, is an erebid moth, the caterpillars of which are termed 'semi-loopers' due to their mode of locomotion. It is found from the Indo-Australian tropics and subtropics, extending south to New Zealand and east through the Pacific archipelagoes to Easter Island. It is a major pest of castor throughout the world.
Ascotis selenaria, the giant looper, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.
Hyposidra is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1857.
Eudocima phalonia, the common fruit-piercing moth, is a fruit piercing moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 Centuria Insectorum. It is found in large parts of the tropics, mainly in Asia, Africa and Australia but introduced into other areas such as Hawaii, New Zealand and the Society Islands. It is one of major fruit pests in the world.
Eudocima homaena is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1816. It is found in the Indian subregion, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Taiwan, the Nicobars, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, the Philippines and on Christmas Island. It is a major pest on orange plants.
Chiasmia emersaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is found in India, Nepal, northern Thailand, China, Sri Lanka, Japan and the Ryukyu Islands.
Penicillaria jocosatrix, the mango shoot borer, is a moth of the family Euteliidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found from southeast Asia to the Pacific. Records include Borneo, Guam, Hawaii, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and in Australia, Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.
Chilo suppressalis, the Asiatic rice borer or striped rice stemborer, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a widespread species, known from Iran, India, Sri Lanka, China, eastern Asia, Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia to the Pacific.
Biston suppressaria, the tea looper, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
Fascellina chromataria is a moth in the family Geometridae described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is found in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, India, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.
Lomographa inamata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is found in Sri Lanka, Japan, China, India and Taiwan.
Arctornis submarginata is a species of moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae of family Erebidae. It is found in the north-eastern Himalaya and Sikkim, Sri Lanka, on Borneo and Sumatra and in northern Australia.
Pyrausta phoenicealis, the perilla leaf moth, is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1818. It is found worldwide, including the Americas, Africa, Australia and Asia.
Spirama retorta, the Indian owlet-moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1764. It is found in China, Korea, Japan (Honshu), India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines (Luzon), Indonesia ,Japan.
Scopula emissaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Wallacea and Australia.
Scopula fibulata is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1858. It is found in Kenya, Sri Lanka and China.
Scopula pedilata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Sri Lanka.
Eriopithex recensitaria is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1862. It is found in Sri Lanka, Taiwan, on Borneo and in the Australian state of Queensland.
Racotis boarmiaria is a species of moth of the family Geometridae described by Achille Guenée in 1857. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, China, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Bhutan and Malaysia.
Ectropis bhurmitra, the tea twig caterpillar, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1860. A widespread Asian species, it is found around Indo-Australian tropics from India, Sri Lanka and Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, New Guinea to Australian Queensland and the Solomon Islands.