The Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) is noted for its role in elections in the Philippines.
The Iglesia ni Cristo is known for its practice of bloc voting during elections. [1] [2] [3] The INC is known for issuing directives to vote for certain candidates endorsed by the church under the tenet of obedience and the advocacy of a united unit. [1] INC spokesperson Edwil Zabala has stressed the importance of unity of its members with the church leadership. [4] As a consequence, candidates often attempt to secure endorsement from the INC. [5]
According to pollster, Mahar Mangahas the INC usually announces its endorsements around a week before election day "when the rankings of the candidates in the polls have stabilized" and concludes that candidates' ranking in opinion polls are a factor on how the INC chooses candidates to support. [5]
The following is the list of candidates who have been endorsed by the Iglesia ni Cristo. The list is limited to candidates running for president, vice president, and senators.
Year | Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Result | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1935 | 1. | Manuel Quezon | Nacionalista | 695,332 | 67.99 | Won | [3] | |
1941 | 1. | Manuel Quezon | Nacionalista | 1,340,320 | 81.78 | Won | [3] | |
1946 | 1. | Manuel Roxas | Liberal | 1,333,392 | 53.94 | Won | [3] | |
1949 | 3. | Jose Avelino | Liberal | 419,890 | 11.85 | Lost | [3] | |
1961 | 1. | Diosdado Macapagal | Liberal | 3,554,840 | 55.05 | Won | [3] | |
1965 | 1. | Ferdinand Marcos | Nacionalista | 3,861,324 | 51.94 | Won | [3] | |
1969 | 1. | Ferdinand Marcos | Nacionalista | 5,017,343 | 61.47 | Won | [3] | |
1981 | 1. | Ferdinand Marcos | KBL | 18,309,360 | 88.02 | Won | [3] | |
1986 | 1. | Ferdinand Marcos | KBL | 10,807,197 | 53.62 | Won | [3] | |
1992 | 3. | Danding Cojuangco | NPC | 4,116,376 | 18.17 | Lost | [6] | |
1998 | 1. | Joseph Estrada | LAMMP | 10,722,295 | 39.86 | Won | [7] | |
2004 | 1. | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | Lakas | 12,905,808 | 39.99 | Won | [8] [9] | |
2010 | 1. | Benigno Aquino III | Liberal | 15,208,678 | 42.08 | Won | [10] [11] | |
2016 | 1. | Rodrigo Duterte | PDP–Laban | 16,601,997 | 39.02 | Won | [12] [13] | |
2022 | 1. | Bongbong Marcos | PFP | 31,629,783 | 58.77 | Won | [14] [15] |
Year | Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Result | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | 1. | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo | Lakas | 12,667,252 | 49.56 | Won | [7] | |
2004 | 1. | Noli de Castro | Independent | 15,100,431 | 49.80 | Won | [9] | |
2010 | 2. | Mar Roxas | Liberal | 13,918,490 | 39.58 | Lost | [10] [11] | |
2016 | 2. | Bongbong Marcos | Independent | 14,155,344 | 34.47 | Lost | [12] [13] | |
2022 | 1. | Sara Duterte | Lakas | 32,208,417 | 61.53 | Won | [14] [15] |
Year | Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Result | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 1. | Robin Padilla | PDP–Laban | 27,027,235 | 48.23 | Won | [16] | |
2. | Loren Legarda | NPC | 24,367,564 | 43.48 | Won | |||
4. | Win Gatchalian | NPC | 20,678,804 | 36.89 | Won | |||
5. | Francis Escudero | NPC | 20,320,069 | 36.26 | Won | |||
6. | Mark Villar | Nacionalista | 19,563,262 | 34.91 | Won | |||
7. | Alan Peter Cayetano | Independent | 19,359,758 | 34.54 | Won | |||
8. | Migz Zubiri | Independent | 18,931,207 | 33.78 | Won | |||
9. | Joel Villanueva | Independent | 18,539,537 | 33.08 | Won | |||
11. | JV Ejercito | NPC | 15,901,891 | 28.37 | Won | |||
12. | Jinggoy Estrada | PMP | 15,174,288 | 27.08 | Won | |||
13. | Jejomar Binay | UNA | 13,348,887 | 23.82 | Lost | |||
16. | Guillermo Eleazar | Reporma | 11,360,526 | 20.27 | Lost |
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