2022 Manila local elections

Last updated

2022 Manila local elections
Ph seal ncr manila.png
  2019 May 9, 2022 (2022-05-09) 2025  
Turnout78.21% Increase2.svg 9.1 pp
Mayoral election
 
Honey Lacuna profile (cropped).jpg
Alex Lopez (cropped).jpg
Rep. Amado Bagatsing (16th Congress).jpg
Candidate Honey Lacuna Alex Lopez Amado Bagatsing
Party Asenso Manileño PFP KABAKA
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam Manila Team Amado
Running mate Yul Servo Raymond Bagatsing
Popular vote538,595166,908118,694
Percentage63.68%19.74%14.03%

2022 NCR MNL MAY.svg
A map showing the results of the Manila mayoral election by barangay

Mayor before election

Isko Moreno
Asenso Manileño

Elected mayor

Honey Lacuna
Asenso Manileño

Vice mayoral election
 
Rep. Yul Servo (18th Congress PH).jpg
3x4.svg
3x4.svg
Candidate Yul Servo Raymond Bagatsing
Party Asenso Manileño KBL
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam Manila
Popular vote586,855185,431
Percentage73.67%23.28%

2022 NCR MNL VMA.svg
A map showing the results of the Manila vice mayoral election by barangay

Vice Mayor before election

Honey Lacuna
Asenso Manileño

Elected Vice Mayor

Yul Servo
Asenso Manileño

City Council election

36 of 38 seats in the Manila City Council
20 seats needed for a majority
 First partySecond partyThird party
 
Party Asenso Manileño Independent PDP–Laban
Alliance Honey-Yul UniTeam
Last election16 seats, 38.89%2 seats, 3.83%1 seat, 4.48%
Seats won3420
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 18Steady2.svgDecrease2.svg 1
Popular vote2,950,976362,764424,515
Percentage68.56%8.43%9.86%

Local elections were held at Manila on May 9, 2022, as part of the Philippine general election. Held concurrently with the national elections, the electorate voted to elect a mayor, a vice mayor, thirty-six city council members and six district representatives to congress. Those elected took their respective offices on June 30, 2022, for a three-year-long term. 886,133 of 1,133,042 registered voters voted in this election.

Contents

Vice mayor Honey Lacuna and representative Yul Servo were elected to the mayoralty and vice mayoralty respectively, with Lacuna becoming the first woman to be elected to the office. The Asenso Manileño party became the only party represented in the city council after winning 34 seats in the legislature. The remaining two seats were won by independents Ninong Lacsamana of the 2nd district and Bobby Espiritu II of the 5th district.

Ernix Dionisio, Rolan Valeriano, Joel Chua, Edward Maceda, Irwin Tieng and Benny Abante were elected to be the representatives for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth districts respectively.

Electoral system

Elections for mayor, vice mayor and for the six members of the House of Representatives are via first-past-the-post voting. For members of the city council, it is via multiple non-transferable vote, with the candidates with six highest votes winning.

Elections for mayor and vice mayor are done at an at-large basis. Elections for members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the Manila City Council are via the legislative districts of Manila.

There are an additional two ex officio seats in the city council, for the city federation presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay (village councilors league) and the Sangguniang Kabataan (youth council league). These were originally elected in 2018, and whose terms were extended until 2023. Separate elections for these bodies will be in October 2023.

Background

Mayor Isko Moreno and Vice Mayor Honey Lacuna are the incumbents; both are members of Aksyon Demokratiko and the local party Asenso Manileño. Moreno was elected in 2019, defeating incumbent Mayor Joseph Estrada, while Lacuna was elected in 2016, succeeding Moreno.

Moreno chose not to seek reelection as the mayor of Manila and will instead run for president of the Philippines in 2022. [1] [2] Asenso Manileño nominated Lacuna and incumbent 3rd district representative Yul Servo Nieto for mayor and vice mayor, respectively. [3] Lacuna's notable challengers for mayor are former Philippine National Police DICTM deputy director Elmer Jamias (People's Reform Party), former 5th district representative Amado Bagatsing (KABAKA), and Christy Lim-Raymundo (Reporma), the daughter of former mayor Alfredo Lim, who died in 2020. Bagatsing is the son of another former mayor, Ramon Bagatsing. In 2019, Jamias lost the vice mayoralty race, while Lim-Raymundo lost the city council election. Alex Lopez (Partido Federal ng Pilipinas), the son of former mayor Mel Lopez, later joined the mayoralty race on November 10, 2021, as a substitute to Calvin Punzalan. [4] Lopez also lost the 2019 elections in the congressional race at the 2nd district. Bagatsing also joined the mayoralty race during the substitution period; he previously ran for mayor in 2001 and in 2016 but lost. [5]

Meanwhile, in the vice mayoralty race, Nieto notably faced actor Raymond Bagatsing of Kilusang Bagong Lipunan. Bagatsing is the nephew of mayoral candidate Amado Bagatsing, making him a grandson of former mayor Ramon Bagatsing. [6] Raymond Bagatsing was later chosen as the running mate of Alex Lopez.

Previous potential candidates for mayor included former president and Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada and incumbent 1st district representative Manny Lopez. Estrada lost to Moreno in 2019 and said in July of the same year that he would run again for mayor. [7] However, he did not file his Certificate of Candidacy in October 2021. Meanwhile, Lopez, another son of former Manila Mayor Mel Lopez and the current chair of the House Committee on Metro Manila Development, was chosen by the PDP–LabanCusi wing as its mayoral candidate [8] but chose to seek reelection for representative instead, with his brother Alex taking his place in the mayoralty race. [9]

Candidates

Opinion polling

Mayor

Fieldwork Date(s)PollsterSample SizeMoEAbad
Ind.
Lim
Reporma
Bagatsing
KABAKA
Jamias
PRP
Lacuna
Asenso
Lopez
PFP
Undecided/
Other
Apr. 25–28PUBLiCUS Asia Inc. [10] 1,625±3.00%6%7%15%1%25%12%26%
Apr. 8–13PUBLiCUS Asia Inc. [11] 7%6%4%9%26%13%35%
March 25Start of Campaign Period for Local Candidates
Mar. 15–22RPMDinc [12] 25%53%20%2%
Feb. 22–28RPMDinc [13] 26%56%15%3%
Feb. 18–24PUBLiCUS Asia Inc. [14] 4%8%3%44%10%31%
Jan. 22–30RPMDinc [15] 30%57%11%2%
Dec. 16–23RPMDinc [16] 28%53%12%7%
Nov. 16–24RPMDinc [17] 31%48%14%7%

Vice Mayor

Fieldwork Date(s)PollsterSample SizeMoEBagatsing
KBL
Lapinig
Reporma
Nieto
Asenso
Reyes
Ind.
Undecided/
Other
Apr. 25–28PUBLiCUS Asia Inc. [10] 1,625±3.00%34%9%16%9%32%
March 25Start of Campaign Period for Local Candidates
Apr. 8–13PUBLiCUS Asia Inc. [11] 31%14%17%10%28%

Results

Mayor

The incumbent mayor is Isko Moreno, who was elected in 2019 with 50.15% of the vote. Moreno is eligible for re-election but has opted to run for the presidency of the Philippines. [1]

Asenso Manileño, Moreno's party slated vice mayor Honey Lacuna to defend the position. [3]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Honey Lacuna Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 538,59563.68
Alex Lopez Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 166,90819.74
Amado Bagatsing Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran 118,69414.03
Cristy Lim Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 14,8571.76
Elmer Jamias People's Reform Party 4,0570.48
Onofre AbadIndependent2,6180.31
Total845,729100.00
Asenso Manileño hold

Vice Mayor

The incumbent vice mayor is Honey Lacuna, who was re-elected in 2019 with 57.28% of the vote. Lacuna is eligible for re-election but has opted to run for mayor.

Asenso Manileño, Moreno's party slated 3rd District Representative Yul Servo to defend the position. [3]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Yul Servo Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 586,85573.67
Raymond Bagatsing Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 185,43123.28
Arvin ReyesIndependent12,3101.55
Lucy Lapinig Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 12,0411.51
Total796,637100.00
Asenso Manileño hold

District representatives

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño Aksyon Demokratiko/Asenso Manileño 240,55929.383
National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño 165,57720.222
Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño 90,07511.001
Total496,21160.616
Uniteam Alliance Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan 106,02112.95
Nacionalista Party 42,7875.23
People's Reform Party 22,2212.71
Independent25,9613.17
Total196,99024.06
National Unity Party 80,0459.78
Liberal Party 34,4414.21
People's Reform Party 6,6870.82
Independent4,3300.530
Total818,704100.006

1st District

Manny Lopez is the incumbent. His opponents are Ernesto "Ernix" Dionisio Jr. and former Congressman Benjamin "Atong" Asilo.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Ernix Dionisio Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 88,32744.66
Manny Lopez PDP–Laban 74,99137.92
Atong Asilo Liberal Party 34,44117.42
Total197,759100.00
Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko gain from PDP–Laban

2nd District

Rolan Valeriano is the incumbent. His opponent is former Congressman Carlo Lopez.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Rolan Valeriano National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño 70,14662.11
Carlo Lopez Nacionalista Party 42,78737.89
Total112,933100.00
National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño hold

3rd District

Incumbent Yul Servo is not seeking reelection to run for Vice Mayor. His party's nominee is incumbent city majority floor leader and Councilor Joel Chua. His opponents are former Councilor and incumbent Barangay 299 Captain Ramon Morales and Clark Field Arroño III.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Joel Chua Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 68,94667.78
Ramon Morales PDP–Laban 31,03030.50
Clark Field Arroño IIIIndependent1,7481.72
Total101,724100.00
Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko gain from PDP–Laban

4th District

Edward Maceda is the incumbent. His opponents are former Congresswoman Trisha Bonoan-David and Christopher Gabriel, both happened to be his challengers in 2019.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Edward Maceda Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño 90,07573.40
Trisha Bonoan-David Independent25,96121.15
Christopher Gabriel People's Reform Party 6,6875.45
Total122,723100.00
Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño hold

5th District

Amanda Christina "Cristal" Bagatsing is the incumbent. Her opponent is Councilor Irwin Tieng.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Irwin Tieng Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 83,28650.99
Cristal Bagatsing National Unity Party 80,04549.01
Total163,331100.00
Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko gain from National Unity Party

6th District

Benny Abante is the incumbent. His opponents are Romualdo "Bal" Billanes and Antonio Sityar II.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Benny Abante National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño 95,43179.38
Romualdo Billanes People's Reform Party 22,22118.48
Antonio Sityar IIIndependent2,5622.13
Total120,214100.00
National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño hold

City Council

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 2,950,97668.5634
UniTeam Manila Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan 424,5159.860
Nacionalista Party 83,9431.950
Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 38,7460.900
Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan 6,0130.140
Independent20,7110.480
Total573,92813.330
Team Amado Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan 106,3952.470
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran 35,9090.830
Total142,3043.310
Liberal Party 110,8232.570
Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives 91,4562.120
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan 46,0431.070
United Nationalist Alliance 9,3890.220
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 8,6710.200
Partido Maharlika7,7960.180
Independent362,7648.432
Ex officio seats2
Total4,304,150100.0038

1st District

CandidatePartyVotes%
Jesus "Taga" Fajardo Jr. Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 116,22511.44
Erick Ian "Banzai" Nieva Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 115,36211.35
Niño Dela Cruz Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 107,59710.59
Moises "Bobby" Lim Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 101,4669.98
Irma Alfonso-Juson Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 101,2229.96
Martin "Marjun" Isidro Jr. Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 98,2479.67
Alexander "Mokong" Tan Liberal Party 93,5809.21
Peter Ong PROMDI 84,5278.32
Eugenio "Atty. Eugene" Santiago Jr. PDP–Laban 39,3103.87
Marcelino "Papa P" Pedrozo Jr. PDP–Laban 38,0933.75
Edgardo "Edgar" Solis PDP–Laban 26,2072.58
Joel GungonIndependent21,1082.08
Brian "Bisaya" Mondejar PDP–Laban 17,2451.70
Victor "Toto" Baldisimo Liberal Party 17,2431.70
Ferdinand "Ferdie" Sandoval United Nationalist Alliance 9,3890.92
Sylvia Felisa ManansalaIndependent8,4440.83
Michael De LeonIndependent7,7780.77
Mark Ian Halili Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 6,3550.63
Gilbert TelloIndependent4,0530.40
Dominador "Dom" Estabillo Jr.Independent2,9000.29
Total1,016,351100.00
Total votes1,016,351

2nd District

CandidatePartyVotes%
Ruben "Dr. J" Buenaventura Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 77,30513.44
Numero "Uno" Lim Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 75,75613.17
Darwin "Awi" Sia Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 69,50512.08
Roma Paula "Roma" Robles Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 65,24711.34
Rodolfo "Ninong" LacsamanaIndependent64,73211.25
Macario "Macky" Lacson Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 60,29010.48
Edward Tan Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 59,31810.31
Ivy Varona Nacionalista Party 32,0075.56
Reynulfo "Dok" Sy Nacionalista Party 25,4894.43
Roneil Sanguyo Nacionalista Party 12,6952.21
Alfonso "Atty. Ponching" Orioste Jr.Independent11,5662.01
Alexander "Alex" Javalla Nacionalista Party 9,1061.58
Rolando "Boyet" Evangelista Nacionalista Party 4,6460.81
Charles Michael "Mike" RiveraIndependent4,2900.75
Oscar "Daddybear" Baria IIIIndependent3,3380.58
Total575,290100.00
Total votes575,290

3rd District

CandidatePartyVotes%
Johanna Maureen "Apple" Nieto-Rodriguez Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 81,67514.47
Pamela "Fa" Fugoso Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 76,72913.59
Ernesto "Jong" Isip Jr. Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 75,03813.29
Timothy Oliver "Tol" Zarcal Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 67,02011.87
Terrence Alibarbar Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 65,11711.53
Arlene "Maile" Atienza Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 64,71311.46
Jose "Joey Uy" Jamisola PDP–Laban 39,1806.94
Johnny "Rollin' J" Dela Cruz PDP–Laban 18,7813.33
Nino Anthony Magno Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 15,6662.77
Ernesto "Caloy" Cruz Jr. PDP–Laban 14,9402.65
Nelson Ty PDP–Laban 9,0531.60
Aileen Rosales PDP–Laban 7,3981.31
Roderick AurelloIndependent6,8411.21
Roberto "Robert" DiazIndependent5,3910.95
Bernie ManikanIndependent5,0870.90
Anthony De GuzmanIndependent4,3490.77
Henryson MelonIndependent3,0360.54
Valentin "Kuya Jun" Landicho Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma 2,3160.41
Norland Azon GacutanIndependent2,2860.40
Total564,616100.00
Total votes564,616

4th District

CandidatePartyVotes%
Louisito "Doc Louie" Chua Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 90,24213.81
Krystle Marie "Krys" Bacani Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 79,50112.17
Joel "JTV" Villanueva Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 73,93711.32
Don Juan "DJ" Bagatsing Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 67,71710.36
Science Reyes Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 66,59210.19
Louisa Marie "Lady" Quintos Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 65,47710.02
Don Jose Javier "Havy Habagat" BagatsingIndependent42,8746.56
Christian Mark "Xtian" Floriendo PDP–Laban 34,2295.24
Bimbo Eduardo Quintos XVI PDP–Laban 32,9665.05
Adonis "Carlo" Dela Cruz PDP–Laban 17,6012.69
Jorge Andrew "Kanto Boy" Lopez PDP–Laban 16,1772.48
Raquel "Jing" Gabriel PDP–Laban 12,3221.89
Kevin CosmeIndependent9,9121.52
Emil Bryan "BT" Toledo PROMDI 6,9291.06
Edwin CosmeIndependent6,4760.99
Vicente "Vic" AlejagaIndependent6,1280.94
Benjamin "Benjie" CosmeIndependent5,9150.91
Jazel PanganibanIndependent5,2670.81
Aldwin Hamilton "Konsi Al" TanIndependent4,6100.71
Rosemarie "Rosmar" Tan PDP–Laban 4,3830.67
John MatrimonioIndependent2,0910.32
Mary Ann "Inay" VictoriIndependent1,9810.30
Total653,327100.00
Total votes653,327

5th District

CandidatePartyVotes%
Laris Borromeo Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 99,81211.76
Ricardo "Boy" Isip Jr. Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 96,14511.33
Raymundo "Mon" Yupangco Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 95,02711.19
Charry Ortega Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 90,95510.72
Jaybee Hizon Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 87,79210.34
Roberto "Bobby" Espiritu IIIndependent85,68510.09
Daniel Nikko Atienza Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 79,0319.31
Roderick Valbuena Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran 35,9094.23
Felix Tobillo Jr. PDP–Laban 29,1353.43
Jaime Co Jr. PDP–Laban 22,4932.65
Rubee Ruth CagascaIndependent22,3432.63
Ariel Dakis PDP–Laban 22,0192.59
Nathaniel Rellon PDP–Laban 17,7732.09
Ronald "Ronnie" Canlas PDP–Laban 14,9751.76
Marilou "Malou" Ocsan Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 10,8031.27
Mahra Lorraine Tamondong Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 8,1140.96
Strausser "Bistek" TugnaoPartido Maharlika7,7960.92
Gladina Villar Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan 6,0130.71
Ronaldo "DJ Ron" Cruz Partido Federal ng Pilipinas 4,1630.49
Anthony Solh AvilaIndependent4,0420.48
Rufino Cantil Jr.Independent3,2360.38
Wenifredo LimitIndependent2,9990.35
Injim Bacalso BunayogIndependent2,5940.31
Total848,854100.00
Total votes848,854

6th District

CandidatePartyVotes%
Luis "Joey" Uy Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 85,30913.21
Carlos "Caloy" Castañeda Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 85,22813.20
Salvador "Philip" Lacuna Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 82,07612.71
Lou Veloso Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 77,85612.06
Benny Fog Abante III Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 75,27111.66
Elmer "Joel" Par Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko 75,17611.64
Pablo Dario "Chikee" Ocampo PDP–Laban 38,9856.04
Fernando "Doc" Mercado PDP–Laban 38,8336.01
Cherry Veloira PDP–Laban 30,0254.65
Juan Rafael "Raffy Jimenez" Crespo PDP–Laban 20,5973.19
Fernando "Fernan" Vergel PDP–Laban 14,2332.20
Owen MoralesIndependent8,3231.29
Ernesto Go Jr.Independent5,6460.87
Melvin MirandaIndependent4,4160.68
Luisito ClaudioIndependent3,7380.58
Total645,712100.00
Total votes645,712

Aftermath

Alex Lopez filed an electoral protest against Honey Lacuna's mayoral victory, alleging “electoral frauds, irregularities, and anomalies” within the election. On October 6, 2022, the Commission on Elections dismissed the protest, citing the lack of evidence as well as the usage of baseless claims. Lacuna welcomed the decision. [18] [19]

References

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  2. Ranada, Pia (September 21, 2021). "Isko Moreno to run for president in 2022". Rappler. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 De Leon, Dwight (September 22, 2021). "Honey Lacuna seeks to succeed Isko Moreno as Manila mayor – sources". Rappler. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  4. "Marcos gets support of son of late Manila Mayor Mel Lopez". Manila Bulletin. November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  5. "ATIENZA, LACUNA TO BE RE-ELECTED -- SWS SURVEY". Social Weather Stations . May 7, 2001. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  6. "Raymond Bagatsing to run for vice mayor of Manila, faces off with Yul Servo". ABS-CBN News. October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  7. Clapano, Jose Rodel (July 21, 2019). "Erap Estrada to run again for Manila mayor". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  8. Sarao, Zacarian (September 2, 2021). "PDP-Laban Cusi wing names Rep. Lopez as Manila mayoral candidate". Inquirer.net. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  9. "Lopez umatras sa pagka-alkalde sa Maynila". Remate (in Tagalog). October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  10. 1 2 PUBLiCUS (May 3, 2022). "Local Election Preferences Report: April 25-28, 2022". PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
  11. 1 2 PUBLiCUS (April 19, 2022). "NCR LOCAL ELECTION PREFERENCES REPORT: April 8-13, 2022 – PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc" . Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  12. "RP- Mission... - RP- Mission and Development Foundation Inc". www.facebook.com. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  13. Layson, Mer (March 15, 2022). "10 incumbent Metro Manila mayor muling mananalo - Survey". PhilStar.com (in Filipino). Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  14. PUBLiCUS (March 2, 2022). "Incumbents, dynasties dominate lopsided NCR mayoral races – PAHAYAG NCR Election Tracker Survey – PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc" . Retrieved March 4, 2022.
  15. Punongbayan, Michael (February 14, 2022). "Metro mayors seeking reelection top survey". PhilStar.com. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  16. "Re-electionists still dominate NCR survey". PhilStar.com. January 13, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  17. Mateo, Janvic (December 8, 2021). "Reelectionists top choice in most NCR mayoralty races – survey". PhilStar.com. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  18. Mendoza, John Eric (October 8, 2022). "Comelec junks poll protest against Manila Mayor Lacuna". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  19. UNTALAN, SHERYLIN (October 8, 2022). "Comelec junks electoral protest against Manila Mayor Lacuna". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 18, 2022.