2016 Manila local elections

Last updated
2016 Manila mayoral election
Ph seal ncr manila.png
  2013 May 9, 2016 (2016-05-09) 2019  
  JosephEstradajf1486.JPG Alfredo Lim at Mendiola.jpg Rep. Amado Bagatsing (16th Congress).jpg
Nominee Joseph Estrada Alfredo Lim Amado Bagatsing
Party PMP Liberal KABAKA
Running mate Honey Lacuna Arnold Atienza (replacing Benjamin Asilo) Arnold Atienza
Popular vote283,149280,464167,829
Percentage38.54%38.17%22.84%

Manila Mayor Race 2016.png

Mayor before election

Joseph Estrada
PMP

Elected mayor

Joseph Estrada
PMP

Vice mayoral election
  Honey Lacuna profile (cropped).jpg
Candidate Honey Lacuna Ali Atienza Benjamin Asilo
Party Asenso UNA Liberal
Popular vote268,969221,037137,388
Percentage37.91%31.15%19.36%

 
Candidate Trisha Bonoan-David
Party NUP
Popular vote77,599
Percentage10.93%

Vice Mayor before election

Isko Moreno
PMP/Asenso Manileño

Elected Vice Mayor

Honey Lacuna
Asenso

City Council election

36 of 38 seats in the Manila City Council
20 seats needed for a majority
 First partySecond partyThird party
 
Party Asenso Manileño Liberal KABAKA
AlliancePMP / Asenso KKK
Last election061
Seats won2431
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 24Decrease2.svg 3Steady2.svg 1
Popular vote1,611,970 539,799386,218
Percentage44.11%14.77%10.57%

Local elections were held in Manila on May 9, 2016, as a part of the 2016 Philippine general election. Voters elected candidates for mayor, vice mayor, six congressmen, and the 36 councilors that would be members of the city council. Incumbent mayor Joseph Estrada won the elections, securing him to serve his second three-year term as the mayor of Manila. He won by a slim margin at only more than 2,000 votes against his closest rival, former Manila mayor Alfredo Lim. [1] [2] Dr. Maria Sheilah “Honey” Lacuna-Pangan, daughter of former Manila vice mayor Danny Lacuna, Estrada’s running-mate, topped the vice mayoral race with 268,969 votes. [3]

Contents

Background

Incumbent mayor and former president Joseph "Erap" Estrada was first elected as mayor in 2013. He defeated then-incumbent mayor Alfredo Lim in a closely contested election, winning 53% of the vote to Lim's 47%.

Estrada announced in April 2015 that he would be running for re-election. This was in total contrast to his May 9, 2012 pronouncement that he would only serve for one term should he be elected to the post back then, after which he would subsequently retire from politics. [4] [5]

Unlike Estrada, his running mate in 2013, three-term incumbent vice mayor Isko Moreno was term-limited, as he had served for three consecutive terms. He instead ran for a seat in the Senate.

Sources indicated that although Manila leaders identified with Estrada under the local Asenso Manileño party, Moreno included, were pushing for former Manila vice mayor Danilo Lacuna to be his running mate, Estrada was said to have seriously considered his current city administrator, Jojo Alcovendaz, to be his vice mayoral candidate under his party, despite the latter's San Juan residence. However, the Estrada camp, upon further consultation, eventually chose former 4th district councilor and city social services head Honey Lacuna, Danilo's daughter, as his running mate. [6]

On July 22, 2015, incumbent 5th district representative Amado Bagatsing launched his bid to be the next mayor of the city once governed by his father, former mayor Ramon Bagatsing, offering himself as an alternative while blaming the city’s "deterioration" on the incumbent and his predecessor. His running mate was the son of former mayor and current Buhay Party-list Representative Lito Atienza, current 5th district councilor and 2007 mayoral candidate Ali Atienza. [7] On October 12, 2015, Bagatsing made his bid official by filing his certificate of candidacy. [8]

On October 13, 2015, Alfredo Lim filed to run again for his old post. He was the official candidate of the ruling Liberal Party. His running mate was incumbent 1st district Rep. Benjamin Asilo. [9]

Campaign

Joseph Estrada's (second from right) election campaign rally in Tondo, Manila along with Isko Moreno (left), Grace Poe (second from left) Joseph Erap Estrada Manila Election Campaign Rally - Isko Moreno, Grace Poe, Erap.jpeg
Joseph Estrada's (second from right) election campaign rally in Tondo, Manila along with Isko Moreno (left), Grace Poe (second from left)

The local campaign period started on March 26, 2016. Estrada, with running mate Honey Lacuna, held their proclamation rally at the Liwasang Bonifacio, while Lim, with running mate Benjamin Asilo started their campaign at Plaza Miranda, on March 28, 2016, two days after the official start of campaigning for local candidates.

During the incumbent mayor's rally, Estrada formally endorsed his goddaughter Grace Poe as his choice for president and Bongbong Marcos for vice president. [10] He picked Poe over his running mate Jejomar Binay of the United Nationalist Alliance. He said that the mayor's gratitude to the presidential candidate's father Fernando Poe, Jr., a candidate of the 2004 Philippine presidential election but later lost, as one of the reasons why he made the decision to endorse Poe. [11]

Among Estrada's senatorial candidates that he supported were Joel Villanueva, Panfilo Lacson, Manny Pacquiao, Martin Romualdez, Getulio Napeñas, Neri Colmenares, Sherwin Gatchalian, Richard J. Gordon, Migz Zubiri, Sergio Osmeña III, Francis Tolentino and Isko Moreno, the incumbent vice mayor of the city. [10] Major roads in Manila including the MacArthur Bridge were closed down due to the event. [12]

Lim's campaign started with his visit to the Islamic Center in San Miguel, together with Liberal Party's presidential bet Mar Roxas. The two then went to Plaza Miranda for the former mayor's proclamation rites, which was attended by 5,000 supporters. [13] Roxas' running mate Leni Robredo and President Benigno Aquino III also attended the rally. [14]

A day before the two rallies, Amado Bagatsing and his running mate Ali Atienza kicked-off their campaign in Tondo.

On April 27, 2016, Alfredo Lim asked his running mate, Benjamin Asilo, to withdraw from the vice mayoral race due to low survey standings, replacing him with Ali Atienza, who is already the running mate of Amado Bagatsing. Asilo declined to withdraw, choosing to continue his campaign even without a mayoral running mate. [15] [16]

Mayoralty and vice mayoralty elections

Mayor

First-term incumbent and former president Joseph Estrada, who was elected with 53% of the vote in 2013, sought another term. Former senator and Manila mayor Alfredo Lim, who Estrada defeated in 2013, sought a rematch. Fifth District Representative Amado Bagatsing also ran.

Mayoralty race in Manila during 2016 general election Manila Mayor Race 2016.png
Mayoralty race in Manila during 2016 general election
Manila Mayoralty Election
PartyCandidateVotes%
PMP Joseph "Erap" Estrada 283,149 38.54
Liberal Alfredo Lim 280,46438.18
KABAKA Amado Bagatsing 167,82922.85
Independent Onofre Abad7170.09
Independent Valeriano Reloj6210.08
Independent Arnaldo "Dodos" Dela Cruz [17] 4790.06
Independent Edmundo Fuerte4560.06
Independent Tranquilino Narca2750.03
Independent Wilfredo Yusi2230.03
WPP Francisco Pizzara2220.03
Independent Samuel Gabot2060.02
Total votes734,613 100.00
PMP hold

Vice mayor

Three-term incumbent Francisco "Isko Moreno" Domagoso, who was re-elected with 63% of the vote in 2013, was term-limited and barred from running again for this post this election. His party's nominee was Maria Sheilah "Honey" Lacuna-Pangan. Facing her were three-term representatives Benjamin Asilo of the 1st district and Trisha Bonoan-David of the 4th district. Incumbent 5th District councilor and former 2007 mayoral candidate Ali Atienza also ran for the seat.

Manila Vice Mayoralty Election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Asenso Maria Sheilah "Honey" Lacuna-Pangan 268,969 37.91
UNA Arnold Atienza 221,03731.15
Liberal Benjamin Asilo137,38819.36
NUP Maria Theresa Bonoan-David 77,59910.93
Independent Luis Reyes, Jr.4,3930.61
Total votes709,386 100.00
Asenso hold

District representatives

1st district

The 1st district is composed of the western part of Tondo. Three-term Liberal Party incumbent Benjamin "Atong" Asilo, who was re-elected with 64% of the vote in 2013, was term-limited and instead ran for vice mayor; his brother, incumbent councilor Roberto Asilo, was his party's nominee.

Also running for this district were incumbent three-term councilors Ian "Banzai" Nieva and Ernesto Dionisio Jr. as well as Manuel "Manny" Lopez. Nieva is the son of the late Ernesto "Banzai" Nieva, who represented this district from 1998 to 2007, while Lopez is the son of former Manila mayor Mel Lopez.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 1st District of Manila
PartyCandidateVotes%
NPC Manuel Luis "Manny" Lopez 55,627 35.35
Liberal Roberto Asilo43,64027.73
Asenso Ernesto Dionisio, Jr. 42,87827.25
Independent Erick Ian Nieva15,2239.67
Total votes157,368 100.00
NPC gain from Liberal

2nd district

The city's 2nd district covers the eastern part of Tondo, a place known as Gagalangin. Carlo Lopez was the incumbent representative and had already served two terms. He won on the 2010 local elections and was re-elected with 69% of the vote in 2013. He ran for his third and final term under the Liberal Party. He ran unopposed because his supposed opponent, Councilor Numero "Uno" Lim, was nominated by the party-list group Tanggol Maralita Inc. (TAMA).

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 2nd District of Manila
PartyCandidateVotes%
Liberal Carlo Lopez 72,409 100.00
Total votes72,409 100.00
Liberal hold

3rd district

The 3rd district is composed of Binondo, Quiapo, San Nicolas, and Santa Cruz. Zenaida "Naida" Angping, who was re-elected with 62% of the vote in 2013, was term-limited and barred from running again this election. Her party nominated her husband, former representative Harry Angping who represented this district from 1998 to 2004.

His opponents were three-term incumbent city councilor and actor John Marvin "Yul Servo" Nieto and former councilor Ramon Morales. Morales also ran in this district in 2013 and lost receiving only 36% of the vote.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 3rd District of Manila
PartyCandidateVotes%
Asenso John Marvin "Yul Servo" Nieto 46,353 44.93
Nacionalista Harry Angping 38,63637.44
Liberal Ramon Morales17,02116.50
Independent Ricardo Lee6890.67
Independent Edgardo "Jojo" Ruiz4720.46
Total votes103,183 100.00
Asenso gain from NPC

4th district

The 4th district is composed of Sampaloc. Ma. Theresa "Trisha" Bonoan-David, who ran unopposed in 2013, was term-limited and barred from running again this election. Her party nominated her sister, Annie.

Other candidates for this district were six-term councilor Edward Maceda, two-term councilor Don Juan "DJ" Bagatsing, one-term councilor Science Reyes, and former Ateneo basketball player Jobe Nkemakolam.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 4th District of Manila
PartyCandidateVotes%
Asenso Edward Maceda 46,349 41.53
KABAKA Don Juan Bagatsing 23,80721.28
Independent Science Reyes23,65021.25
NUP Rosemary "Annie" Leilani Bonoan16,52514.81
PDP–Laban Jobe Sherwin Nkemakolam1,2631.13
Total votes111,594 100.00
Asenso gain from NUP

5th district

The 5th district is composed of Ermita, Malate, Paco (south), Intramuros, Port Area, and San Andres Bukid (including the Manila South Cemetery). Amado Bagatsing, who was re-elected with 89% of the vote in 2013, was term-limited and barred from running again this election and instead ran for mayor. His party's nominee was his daughter Cristal.

Her opponents were former representatives Joey Hizon and Mary Ann Susano as well as incumbent three-term councilor Josie Siscar. Joey Hizon represented this district from 1998 to 2007. Meanwhile, Mary Ann Susano represented Quezon City's 2nd congressional district from 2004 to 2010.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 5th District of Manila
PartyCandidateVotes%
KABAKA Amanda Christina Bagatsing 48,380 37.40
PMP Joey Hizon 34,95227.02
NPC Mary Ann Susano27,08320.93
Liberal Josefina Siscar16,42012.69
PDP–Laban Jupakar Arabani1,8821.45
WPP Mario Cayabyab6550.51
Total votes129,372 100%
KABAKA hold

6th district

The 6th district is composed of Paco (north), Pandacan, Santa Ana, San Miguel, and Santa Mesa. Two-term incumbent Sandy Ocampo, who won re-election in 2013 with 51% of the vote, sought a third term. She was co-nominated by NUP and local party KABAKA while Benny Abante was also co-nominated by Asenso Manileño Party.

This is the third straight election in which the two candidates faced each other with Ocampo winning the first two by narrow margins.

2016 Philippine House of Representatives election in the 6th District of Manila
PartyCandidateVotes%
Liberal Rosenda Ann "Sandy" Ocampo56,844 53.41
Asenso Benny M. Abante 48,26045.35
Independent Richard Bautista6950.65
Independent Jose Castillo6230.59
Total votes106,422 100.00
Liberal hold

City council

PartyVotes%Seats
Asenso Manileño 1,611,97044.1124
Liberal Party 539,79914.773
Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran 386,21810.571
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino 274,6887.521
United Nationalist Alliance 227,7036.233
Nationalist People's Coalition 129,1123.530
Nacionalista Party 62,1171.701
Ang Kapatiran 56,4181.541
Aksyon Demokratiko 43,2111.180
PDP–Laban 28,9100.790
Lakas–CMD 4,4930.120
Independent290,1067.942
Ex officio seats2
Total3,654,745100.0038

1st district

Incumbent councilors Dennis Alcoreza, Ernesto Dionisio Jr., and Erick Ian Nieva were term-limited and could not seek re-election. Meanwhile, councilors Irma Alfonso and Roberto Asilo, who were not term-limited, chose not to seek re-election. Of the six councilors representing this district, only Niño dela Cruz sought re-election.

Former councilors Rolando Sy, Jesus Fajardo Sr., Ernesto Dionisio Sr., Arlene Koa, Moises Lim, Martin Isidro Jr., and Abraham Cabochan each tried to regain a seat in the council.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 1st district
PartyCandidateVotes%
Asenso Ernesto G. Dionisio, Sr. 87,218 10.40
Independent Moises "Bobby" Lim 68,448 8.16
Asenso Martin Isidro, Jr.62,704 7.48
Asenso Jesus "Taga" Fajardo, Sr.59,472 7.09
Liberal Niño dela Cruz50,831 6.06
Liberal Peter Ong 50,480 6.02
PMP Diosdado "Boroboy" Santiago46,4285.54
Asenso Ava Cristina "Ava Alfonso" Juson44,9415.36
KABAKA Jose "Tito Joveth" Asayo40,6184.84
PMP Mina "Banzai" Nieva37,2274.44
KABAKA Rosalino Garcia33,2693.97
Liberal Rolando "Nagmamahal" Sy32,3563.86
KABAKA Arlene Koa32,3243.85
Independent Alexander Dionisio30,8523.68
KABAKA Edgardo Solis22,6942.70
Independent Randy Sy21,0242.50
KABAKA Victor "Toto" Baldisimo20,9952.50
Asenso Abraham "Baby" Cabochan17,6102.10
Liberal Jonas Arriza Humady12,2611.46
KABAKA Ligfinia "Teacher Beth" Lorenzo9,8631.17
Asenso Edna "Puti" Ramos8,7251.04
Liberal Jeniffer "Jade" Daquiz8,7121.03
PMP Michael "Mike/Nash" de Leon6,6800.79
Independent Francisca Villanueva6,6390.79
Liberal Rafael "Dok" Manicad5,8310.69
UNA Ferdinand Sandoval5,4650.65
Independent Jose Brendo Macapaz5,1310.61
Independent Juan Rafael "Raffy Jimenez" Crespo2,8720.34
Independent Cresenciano "Kuya Boy" Gabuten, Jr.2,5860.30
Independent Allan Navoa1,9770.23
PDP–Laban Eduardo Lanuza1,7470.20
Total votes173,640 100.00

2nd District

Incumbent councilors Marlon Lacson and Numero Lim could not seek re-election. Councilors Ruben Buenaventura, Rodolfo Lacsamana, Ramon Robles, and Rolando Valeriano were all seeking another term.

Among those vying for a seat in the council were former councilors Edward Tan and Nelissa Beltran.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 2nd district
PartyCandidateVotes%
Asenso Rolando "Rolan CRV" Valeriano53,986 10.95
Asenso Ruben "Dr. J" Buenaventura49,450 10.03
Asenso Ramon Robles49,218 9.98
UNA Rodolfo "Ninong" Lacsamana47,524 9.64
Asenso Edward Tan 47,156 9.56
Asenso Macky Lacson 38,570 7.82
NPC Darwin "Awi" Sia36,4187.38
Asenso Babyluck "Algebra" Lim35,5437.21
UNA Nelissa Beltran31,8286.45
NPC Nancy Valencia26,2585.32
NPC Fernando "Bok" Lopez19,0603.86
Liberal Ruben "RP" Bunag14,6182.96
Liberal JC "Brad Bolong" Sy12,7692.59
UNA Ariel Fernandez7,3541.49
Lakas Rommel Miranda4,4930.91
Independent Jules delos Reyes3,4860.70
Liberal Maria Corazon Panlilio3,4820.70
Liberal Michael "Tuts" Velasco2,8862.58
Independent Alex Lao2,7390.55
Independent Ned Ordenes2,1040.42
Independent Pedro Buluran, Jr.2,0330.41
Independent Pedro Garcia1,9130.38
Total votes103,565 100.00

3rd District

Incumbent councilors Joel Chua, Ernesto Isip Jr., and John Marvin "Yul Servo" Nieto were term-limited and could not seek re-election. Meanwhile, councilors Bernardito Ang, Ma. Asuncion Fugoso, and Manuel Zarcal were all vying for another term.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 3rd district
PartyCandidateVotes%
Asenso Maria Asuncion "Re" Fugoso67,663 12.86
Asenso Bernardito Ang54,269 10.32
Asenso Manuel "Letlet" Zarcal51,252 9.74
UNA Maile Atienza 50,279 9.56
Asenso Grace Chua 46,183 8.78
Asenso Terrence Alibarbar 38,993 7.41
NPC Chris "Attorney CB" Beltran36,3426.91
Liberal Joey Uy Jamisola28,8365.48
Liberal RJ Yuseco22,7894.33
Liberal Rizalindo "Major Saling" Morales18,7943.57
Liberal Marilou Chua17,6353.35
KABAKA William Lising16,6133.15
Asenso Alberto "Abet Tabako" Alonzo15,9293.02
KABAKA Maria Victoria "Binky" Barbers14,6412.78
Liberal Mar Reyes13,1232.49
KABAKA Philip Chua10,0851.91
Independent Severino Reyes6,9891.32
Independent Wilson Ng4,0540.77
Liberal Jesus Abejar3,1150.59
Independent Jerry Gomez2,9280.55
Independent Mohammad "Madz" Ameril2,1750.41
Independent Rhady Siongco1,9470.37
Independent Esmail Codarangan1,2090.22
Total votes111,266 100.00

4th district

Incumbent councilors Edward Maceda and Jocelyn Quintos were term-limited and could not seek re-election. Meanwhile, councilors Don Juan Bagatsing, and Science Reyes, who were not term-limited, chose not to seek re-election. Councilors Krystle Bacani and Anton Capistrano both vyed for a second term.

Among those who were gunning for a council seat were former councilors Luisito Chua, Eduardo "Wardee" Quintos XIV, and Victoriano Melendez. Eduardo 'Bimbo' Quintos XVI would not run for councilor due to his disqualification case in the office.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 4th district
PartyCandidateVotes%
Asenso Luisito Chua 66,510
Asenso Krystle Bacani64,151
Independent Anton Capistrano48,529
Liberal Eduardo "Bimbo" Quintos XVI 47,840
Asenso Eduardo "Wardee" Quintos XIV 46,252
Asenso Joel "JTV" Villanueva 46,205
Asenso Angelita Calalang38,368
KABAKA Victoriano Melendez37,473
KABAKA Allan Dale Basco23,247
Liberal Joseph Silva21,625
UNA Christopher Ortiz17,030
Liberal Jerome Chua15,069
PMP Francisco Mariazeta14,183
Independent Ramoncito Reyes11,915
KABAKA Augusto Antonio11,120
Liberal Katrina Rigor10,307
KABAKA Marc Chester Regala9,037
Liberal Pedro Galero5,073
Independent Alexander Lim4,960
Independent Zenaida Matias4,850
Independent Virgilio Cornejo4,493
Independent Rodolfo Astorga3,839
Independent Antonio Abana3,581
Independent Vicente Salgado2,618
Total votes

5th district

Incumbent councilors Cristina Isip, Josefina Siscar, and Raymundo Yupangco were barred by term limits from seeking re-election. Meanwhile, councilor Arnold Atienza, who was not term-limited, chose not to seek another term. Councilors Joey Hizon III and Roberto Ortega Jr. both vied for another term.

Among those who sought a council seat were former councilors Richard Ibay, Roderick Valbuena, and Arturo Valenzona. Three-term Buhay Party-list Rep. Irwin Tieng also ran for a council seat in this district.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 5th district
PartyCandidateVotes%
UNA William Irwin Tieng 68,223
Asenso Roberto Ortega, Jr.64,412
PMP Laris Borromeo 62,694
Nacionalista Joey "TJ" Hizon III62,117
Asenso Ricardo "Boy" Isip, Jr. 50,231
Asenso Anna Katrina Puzon-Yupangco 49,556
Asenso Richard Ibay45,858
KABAKA Roderick Valbuena32,606
PMP Gina Ragasa-Veniegas23,788
Asenso Bobby Espiritu23,295
KABAKA Harry Huecas23,004
KABAKA Francis Villegas21,504
KABAKA Edward Ramirez20,538
KABAKA Jose Abrito18,642
Liberal Felix Tobillo, Jr.15,765
PDP–Laban Paulino Ejercito15,741
PDP–Laban Erika Angela Platon11,422
Liberal Jaime Co, Jr.10,286
Liberal Mark Andaya 8,953
Liberal Dominador Mariano7,831
NPC Geoffrey Dela Torre7,553
Liberal Ariel Dakis7,045
Liberal Abner Afuang6,764
Independent John Dizon5,780
Independent Jaime Adriano4,200
Independent Gladina Villar3,662
NPC Marlon Villarojas2,611
Independent Turo Valenzona 2,353
Independent Eric Dolloso1,838
Independent Rufino Cantil, Jr.1,296
Independent Wenifredo Limit1,222
NPC Fernando Perito870
Total votes

6th district

Incumbent councilors Priscilla Marie Abante, Leilani Marie Lacuna, Joel Par, Elizabeth Rivera, Casimiro Sison, and Christian Paul Uy all sought another term.

Among those who ran for a council seat were former councilors Carlos Castañeda, Pablo Dario Ocampo, and Luciano Veloso. Castañeda served in the city council as the president of the Liga ng mga Barangay from 2004 to 2007, while Ocampo represented the 5th district from 1995 to 1998.

2016 Manila City Council election at the 6th district
PartyCandidateVotes%
KABAKA Christian Paul "Joey" Uy61,914 11.09
Asenso Priscilla Marie Abante61,007 10.93
Asenso Elizabeth Rivera59,840 10.72
Asenso Casimiro Sison57,656 10.33
Asenso Carlos Castañeda 56,979 10.20
Ang Kapatiran Joel Par56,418 10.10
Asenso Leilani Marie Lacuna52,7689.45
Liberal Lou Veloso 50,5559.05
Aksyon Pablo Dario "Chikee" Ocampo IV43,2117.74
Liberal Jeremiah "My" Belgica28,7475.15
KABAKA Edward Quintos9,7191.74
Liberal Irene Rillo5,4210.97
Independent Angel Agub4,3520.77
Independent Jesus "Jessie Delgado" Porciuncula3,5590.63
Independent Emmanuel Gonzales2,5310.45
Independent Lardi Lardizabal1,9230.34
Independent Lynne Orqueza1,4990.26
Total votes113,196 100.00

References

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  9. "Alfredo Lim runs for Manila mayor again". Rappler. 2015-10-13. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  10. 1 2 Elemia, Camille (March 28, 2016). "Erap endorses 'my goddaughter' Grace Poe for president". Rappler . Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  11. Balagtas See, Aie (March 29, 2016). "Estrada: Gratitude to FPJ is why I endorse Grace Poe". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  12. "Road closures in Manila on March 28 for Erap proclamation rally". Rappler . March 26, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
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  14. "Metro Manila politicians launch bids". The Philippine Star . March 29, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  15. Bajo, Ramil; Galupo, Rey (April 28, 2016). "Lim drops running mate, supports Atienza son". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
  16. Roxas, Joseph Tristan (May 6, 2016). "Lim, Atienza reconcile in bid to topple Estrada; Bagatsing looks for upset win". GMA News. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
  17. ‘Direk’ runs for mayor