Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima

Last updated

Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima
Iris elegantissima.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Species:
I. iberica
Subspecies:
I. i. subsp. elegantissima
Trinomial name
Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima
Synonyms [1]
  • Iris elegantissima Sosn.
  • Iris speciosissima Filippov

Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima is a subspecies in the genus Iris , subgenus Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a subspecies of Iris iberica and is a rhizomatous perennial, from Armenia, Turkey and Iran. It has large, thin and falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, slender stem with a single flower between April and May. It has a white, cream or pale yellow ground, which is covered in dark veining or speckling in violet, mauve, purple or brown shades. The larger standards are paler, normally white and less veined. The falls, have darker veining and a dark signal patch and brown or purple beard. It is commonly known as Iris elegantissima, especially in Europe and Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, but normally needs some protection during the winter period.

Contents

Description

It is classed as an mezo-xerophyte (meaning it likes medium to dry habitats), [2] and has stoloniferous rhizomes which are about 3 cm long. Underneath the rhizomes, it has very long secondary roots. [3]

It has large, [4] ribbon-like, [3] and falcate (sickle-shaped), [5] [6] leaves, that can grow up to 20–30 cm (8–12 in) long, [3]

It has a slender stem or peduncle, that starts to grow in March, [3] up to 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tall. [7] [8] [9]

The stem holds a terminal (top of stem) flower, [3] the plant normally has 2–3 stems, [4] each with flower buds, [10] blooming in Spring, [11] between late March, [3] or April and May, [4] [12] or June. [5]

The large flowers, are 10–14 cm (4–6 in) in diameter, [6] [8] they have a white, [5] [6] [13] cream, [3] or pale yellow ground, [8] [11] [14] has dark, [9] veining or speckling in violet, [5] mauve, [10] purple or brown shades. [3] [11] Compared to Iris iberica which can have blue veining and marking. [13]

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. [15] [16] : 17  The darker veined, [6] [7] scallop shell shaped, [10] falls are deflexed (bending over to an almost flat position), [10] [11] and up to 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long. [5] in the center of the falls, is a velvet-like, [5] dark, [14] brown to purple, [3] or black signal patch. [5] Also, in the middle of the falls, is a row of short hairs called the 'beard', which are brown to purple. [3] Also over the falls, the iris has a deflexed style branches that almost covers the signal spot. [13] The almost vertical, [11] and larger standards, [17] are creamy, [5] or white, [6] with pale, [3] or thin violet veins. [5] They are up to 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, [5] [10] and can be described as white cotton handkerchiefs. [10]

The flowers produce pollen, which has been precisely measured, the long axis is 114 micrometres (0.0045 in) long and the short axis is 111 microns long. [18]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule between June and July. [5] [2] Then the plant dies back, losing the leaves and stems, to rest underground during the winter. [2]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [16] : 18  It has a chromosome count: 2n=20, [3] [14] [19] and has an unnamed alkaloid (as of 1961), contained within its rhizome. [20]

A study in 2014, was carried out on various species of iris DNA, it found that I. iberica ssp. elegantissima had a purity value of 2.80, compared to 1.26 of Iris aucheri .[ citation needed ]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet elegantissima refers to 'elegantissimus' meaning very elegant, [21] it is a superlative of 'elegans'. [22]

It was first discovered in Transcaucasus, [23] and then first published and described by Dmitrii Ivanovich Sosnowsky in Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada Vol.11 on page 2 in 1915. [1] [23] In 1972, it was then re-classified as a subspecies of Iris iberica by A. L. Takhtadzhyan and A. A. Fedorov, and published as Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima (Sosn.) Fed. & Takht. in Fl. Erevana Vol.331 in 1972. [1] [24] [25]

Although it is often referred to as Iris elegantissima Sosn. in Russia and Armenia. [26] [27] [28] but elsewhere it is referred to as a subspecies. [29] [30] [31]

It was verified as Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 22 February 2006, then altered on 11 December 2007. [24] It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life, [32] and is an accepted name by the RHS. [33]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate Asia. [24]

Range

It is found in Armenia, [4] [7] [24] (including Shirak, [12] Yerevan, [12] [15] [27] Aparan, Mount Aragats and Sevan. [5] ) in north western Iran, [4] [10] [24] (including Maku, [5] ) and in north eastern Turkey, [4] [6] [10] (or East Anatolia, [5] ) including near Lake Van Basin, [29] Erzurum, [10] and Ararat. [34]

It was listed as found in Azerbaijan, in 2004, [35] but this either a cultivated form or mistaken form of Iris iberica, which is naturally found there. [36]

Habitat

It grows on the lower and middle mountain belts, [5] on semi-desert slopes, [5] [7] [27] or dry rocky, (marl) slopes, [5] [4] [10] and steppes, [5] [4] [7] --> (with many annuals and long grasses. [15] ) and in coniferous forests. [4] [15]

They can be found at an altitude of 750–2,250 ft (230–690 m) above sea level. [5] [4] [10]

Conservation

It is a rare species, [4] and was included in the Red Data Book of Armenia, [5] [12] [26] but not included in the Annexes of CITES and that of the Bern Convention. [5] It is at risk due to various factors, including urbanization, land development for arable purposes (framing) and the intensive collection (of the flowers) for selling. [5]

The species grows and is monitored within Sevan National Park, Khosrov State Reserve and Erebuni State Reserve in Armenia. [5] [26] Erebuni was formed in 1981, with the purpose of protecting 100 varieties of wild wheat and their habitat. Various rare or endangered species of plant can be found within the reserve, including Actinolema macrolema , Aegilops crassa , Gladiolus atroviolaceus , Hordeum spontaneum , Iris elegantissima (I. iberica subsp. elegantissima), Merendera trigyna , Stipa vavilovii , Triticum araraticum , Triticum boeoticum and Triticum urartu . [26]

It is also grown in Yerevan Botanic Garden in Armenia. [37]

Cultivation

'Oncocyclus Section' Irises are in general easier to grow than 'Regalia Section' irises. [6] I. iberica subsp elegantissima is hardy to European Zone 4, [11] (meaning hardy to −5 to −10oC (23 to 14oF). [38] In the UK, it needs to be covered through the winter, [7] within an alpine house. [10] [39]

The irises grow within fertile, [39] highly drained soil, [4] [39] in full sun, [7] but needs protection from rain in the late summer and winter. [4] [30] [39] In the US, the rhizomes are susceptible to being dug up by squirrels. [30]

Propagation

Irises can generally be propagated by division, [40] or by seed growing. Irises generally require a period of cold, then a period of warmth and heat, also they need some moisture. Some seeds need stratification, (the cold treatment), which can be carried out indoors or outdoors. Seedlings are generally potted on (or transplanted) when they have 3 leaves. [41] Oncoyclus irises dislike division, but it should only be carried out when the plant is overcrowded. Although hand pollination and germinating seedlings gives better results. [42]

Toxicity

Armenia produced stamps for Iris elegantissima and Iris lycotis (subspecies of Iris iberica) ArmenianStamps-127-128.jpg
Armenia produced stamps for Iris elegantissima and Iris lycotis (subspecies of Iris iberica)

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction. [43]

Culture

On 19 December 1997, as part of Flora and Fauna of Armenia (III issue) in the 'Irises' series, 2 stamps had images of the irises, [12] (See images on the right), also on 12 August 1993, a commemorative stamp was issued in Azerbaijan, from the Flowers series, Iris elegantissima. [44]

Related Research Articles

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris subbiflora</i> Species of plant

Iris subbiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Portugal and Spain in Europe. It has evergreen broad leaves, forming dense clumps, it has dwarf stems in late spring,, with 1 upright fragrant flower, in shades of purple, light red purple, grey-blue, blue-violet, or dark violet. It has a beard which is generally blue, purple, or violet, but can fade to white, dull yellow, or dark yellow. After being found in 1804, it was once a separate species until the late 70s, when it was reclassified as subspecies of Iris lutescens, and renamed Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora. But in the 80s it was returned to an independent species but some authors and references still class the species as a synonym or subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris acutiloba <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> lineolata</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris acutiloba, and is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. It has narrow, lanceolate, or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which are grey-green and glaucous. It has a slender straight stem holding one terminal flower. The flowers, come in shades of white, cream, or creamy white and have veining that is purple or brown, or a mixture of both. It is heavily veined or streaked in purple or brown, with a dark purple-brown, spot on 3 of the outer petals and brown, dark purple, or black short beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, unless grown in a greenhouse.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

Iris acutiloba is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Dagestan in the North Caucasus, and Iran. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are two subspecies, Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata and Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala.

Iris antilibanotica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Syria. It has semi-evergreen, green, falcate leaves, slender stem, bi-coloured flowers, in dark purple, violet. With a small dark spot and purple tipped yellow beard on the outer petals. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and thought to be extinct in the wild.

Iris assadiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the deserts of Syria. It has small rhizomes, grey-green strongly curved leaves, slender stems, scented flowers in April, in shades of maroon, purple, deep purple or black. They have dark veining and it also has yellow/white beard tipped with purple. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris atrofusca</i> Species of plant

Iris atrofusca is a species in the genus Iris, where it is placed in the subgenus Iris and the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial from the deserts of Israel and Jordan. The species has long falcate (sickle-shaped) or ensiform (sword-shaped) leaves, a long thick stem and large fragrant flowers that come in shades of purple brown, reddish-black, black-brown, dark brown, dark lilac or dark purple. The flowers also have a black or brownish-black signal patch and a thick beard that is brown-black, light brown or yellow tipped with brown. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris atropurpurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris atropurpurea, the coastal iris is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Middle East. It has glaucous (blue-green), linear, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves. Between February and March, it has between 1 and 2 flowers, in dark shades from red-brown, burgundy, dark purple to blackish purple. They have a darker signal patch and yellow beard tipped with purple. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to it needing very dry conditions.

<i>Iris barnumiae</i> Species of plant

Iris barnumiae is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. It has pale glaucous green and narrow leaves, that are slightly sickle-shaped and fade soon after blooming. It has, in mid- to late spring, fragrant flowers in shades of purple, from red-purple, mulberry to purplish-violet, with a yellow tipped with purple beard. It was renamed as I. barnumiae in after a plant naming conference in 2011, but is still sometimes named as I. barnumae in some sources. It has one accepted subspecies Iris barnumiae subsp. demawendica and two forms; Iris barnumiae f. protonyma (Stapf) B.Mathew & Wendelbo and Iris barnumiae f. urmiensis (Hoog) B.Mathew & Wendelbo, which has yellow flowers. Sometimes I. barnumiae f. barnumiae is used to describe the basic form. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its needing very dry and warm summer conditions.

Iris barnumiae subsp. demawendica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Elburz Mountains in Iran. It was originally thought to be a separate species before going through various changes before being classed as a subspecies of Iris barnumiae. It has erect, grey-green (grass-like) leaves and two large flowers, which come in shades from claret-red, burgundy, violet-blue, to dark purple, with a white or cream beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to the environmental conditions it prefers.

Iris basaltica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the basalt deserts and hillsides of eastern Syria. It has many falcate long leaves, and long stem. Between March and April, it has white or pale green flowers covered in thick purple or black veining and dots or spots. It also has a purple or maroon beard, tipped with yellow. It is rare cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

<i>Iris bismarckiana</i> Species of plant

Iris bismarckiana, the Nazareth iris, is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountainsides of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. It has stoloniferous, spreading rhizomes, long, sword shaped, bright green leaves, long slender stem and 1 flower in Spring. The large flower is pale yellow, creamy-white, or white background. Which is covered with reddish-brown, maroon brown, purple-brown, purple, blue-purple, or blue veins, markings or spots. It has a dark signal patch and dark purple to black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

<i>Iris bostrensis</i> Species of plant

Iris bostrensis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the border between Syria and Jordan. It has greenish-grey leaves, 1–2 flowers in Spring,, which have a yellowish, greenish or pale brown ground, which is then covered in many brown-black, brown-purple, or brown, spots, streaks or veining. It has a bright yellow beard, slightly tipped in purple. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

Iris camillae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Azerbaijan. It has narrow, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, medium-sized stem and large flowers, where the flower colour is very variable, ranging from violet, purple, pale blue, and also yellow, and occasionally bi-colour forms are found. It has a yellow beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

Iris damascena is a species of plant in the genus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial endemic to Mount Qasioun in Syria. It has thin, sickle-shaped, grey-green leaves and medium-sized stem that holds 1-2 large flowers between March and April. Inflorescences are white or grey-white with purple-brown spotting or veining and a small blackish or dark purple signal patch with a sparse, purple or dark purple beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer. The species is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN.

<i>Iris gatesii</i> Species of plant

Iris gatesii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkey and Iraq. It has long, narrow, grey-green or glaucous leaves. The strong, sturdy stem supports a single large flower in spring, between April and June. The large flowers are very variable in colouring, ranging from a pale greenish, grey, white, or creamy-yellow background colour, which is then covered with many purplish-brown, purple, or nearly black, spots, dots, short broken lines, or veining. They have a brownish purple or purple beard, over a dark signal patch. It can be cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, if it does not get too wet during summer.

Iris grossheimii is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. It has sickle shaped leaves, which are as long as the short stem, which carries one flower in spring. It is beige, pink or brown covered in dark lines that are, purple-brown or brown. It has a large blackish brown signal patch and brown or black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

<i>Iris hermona</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris hermona, the Golan iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris, and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the pastures and meadows of the Golan Heights in Israel and Syria. It has linear, upright leaves, tall slender stem holding a bi-coloured flower, having a pale lilac, cream-yellow, light tan, or white background, which is then covered in purple brown, or purple, or purple-pink veining, spots or speckling. It has a round purple-brown or almost black signal patch, and a sparse purple brown or almost black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

Iris heylandiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the marshlands or fields of Iraq. It has short, linear or sickle shaped grey-green leaves, slender stem, a single flower in spring, which has a dingy-white, whitish, or pale background, which is covered in many spots or dark veining, in black-purple, brown-purple, or brown violet, or brown shades. It has a dark brown or burgundy brown signal patch and white tinged with yellow or orange white sparse beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

<i>Iris iberica</i> Species of plant

Iris iberica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains of Armenia, eastern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan. It has narrow, glaucous, gray-green and sickle shaped leaves, short stem holding a single flower in late spring. Which has a pale background covered with heavy veining in pale mauve, violet, dark purple, maroon or purple-brown. It has a black or dark purple signal patch and a brown or purple-brown beard. Although, it has many hybrid forms dues to its variability and has 2 known subspecies of Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima and Iris iberica subsp. lycotis. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it is hardier than other Oncocyclus species.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima (Sosn.) Fed. & Takht. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Nadiradze, Tamar; Eradze, Nino (2014). "In Situ Conservation of Some Rare and Endemic Species of Iridaceae Family in National Botanical Garden of Georgia" (PDF). European Researcher. 77 (6). doi: 10.13187/issn.2219-8229 . Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Chapter I (Part 5) I Oncocyclus" (in French). irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Iris Iberica Subsp. Elegantissima – Product Detail" (in Turkish). amaryllisbahcesi.com. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Oganesian, M.E. (2001). "Iris elegantissima Sosn". mnp.am. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Oncocyclus, Regelia and Reglio-cyclus Irises, The Plantsmen, Buckshaw Gardens, Holwell, Sherborne, Dorset" (PDF). srgc.net (Scottish Rock Garden Society). Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Klečková, Jana (17 January 2012). "Irises important garden IV. – Aril irises hybrids and hřebínkaté" (in Czech). zahradaweb.cz. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 "Iris iberica". alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  9. 1 2 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Drinkwater, Robyn (8 May 2009). "Iris's handkerchief". stories.rbge.org.uk (Edinburgh Botanics). Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) , p. 249, at Google Books
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "Flora". iatp.am. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  13. 1 2 3 Wilson, Carol Anne; Padiernos, Justin; Sapir, Yuval (February 2016). "the royal irises (Iris subg. Iris sect. Oncocyclus): Plastid and low-copy nuclear data contribute to an understanding of their phylogenetic relationships". Taxon. 65 (1): 35. doi:10.12705/651.3 . Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  14. 1 2 3 Kramb, D. (21 September 2004). "Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Strange, Kit (13 June 2011). "Alpine travels in Armenia (part one)". kew.org. Retrieved 14 March 2016.[ permanent dead link ]
  16. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN   978-0881927306.
  17. ↑ Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises . Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p.  69. ISBN   978-0715305393.
  18. ↑ Dönmez, Emel Oybak; Işik, Serap (2008). "Pollen morphology of Turkish Amaryllidaceae, Ixioliriaceae and Iridaceae". Grana. 47 (1): 15–38. doi:10.1080/00173130701860104. S2CID   85120306.
  19. ↑ Avishai, Michael; Zohary, Daniel (1977). "Chromosomes in the Oncocyclus Irises". Botanical Gazette. 138 (4): 502–511. doi:10.1086/336956. JSTOR   2473887. S2CID   84941000.
  20. ↑ John James Willaman and Bernice Schubert Alkaloid-bearing Plants and Their Contained Alkaloids (August 1961) , p. 94, at Google Books
  21. ↑ William Stern Horticulture – Plant Names Explained: Botanical Terms and Their Meaning , p. 84, at Google Books
  22. ↑ David Gledhill The Names of Plants , p. 151, at Google Books
  23. 1 2 "Iridaceae Iris elegantissima Sosn". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 "Taxon: Iris iberica Hoffm. subsp. elegantissima (Sosn.) Fed. & Takht". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  25. ↑ "Iris elegantissima Sosn. is a synonym of Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima (Sosn.) Fed. & Takht". plantlist.org. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  26. 1 2 3 4 "Country report on the state of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture" (PDF). fao.org (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN). 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  27. 1 2 3 Randolph, Lowell Fritz; Mitra, Jyotirmay (November 1961). "Karyotypes of Iris Species Indigenous to the USSR". American Journal of Botany. 48 (10): 862–870. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1961.tb11723.x. JSTOR   2439526.
  28. ↑ Sergeĭ Kirillovich Cherepanov (1981) Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (the Former USSR) , p. 28, at Google Books
  29. 1 2 "The showy natural plants of Lake Van Basin". vanherbaryum.yyu.edu.tr. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  30. 1 2 3 Stokerbig, Mary (1 October 2012). "October". paridevita.com. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  31. ↑ "Species Iris (Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima) in the Irises Database". garden.org. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  32. ↑ "Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima". eol.org. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  33. ↑ "Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  34. ↑ "Ararat; Azerbaijan And Turkey, A Tour For The Alpine Garden Society". greentours.co.uk. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  35. ↑ "Chapter 6, Existing Measures and Programmes for Biodiversity Conservation Country Study on Biodiversity and First National Report, The Republic of Azerbaijan" (PDF). cbd.int. April 2004. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  36. ↑ "Georgian Iris" (in Russian). agbina.com. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  37. ↑ Akopian, J. A. (December 2010). "Conservation of native plant diversity at the Yerevan Botanic Garden, Armenia". Kew Bulletin. 65 (4): 663–669. doi:10.1007/s12225-011-9248-1. S2CID   22284768.
  38. ↑ "Plant Hardiness". theseedsite.co.uk. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  39. 1 2 3 4 "Iris elegantissima Tortum". Rareplants, Ltd. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  40. ↑ "How to divide iris rhizomes". gardenersworld.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  41. ↑ Waters, Tom (December 2010). "Growing Irises from Seed". telp.com. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  42. ↑ Archibald, Jim (September 1999). "Silken Sad Uncertain Queens" (PDF). 67. Retrieved 9 July 2016.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  43. ↑ David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske Toxicity of Houseplants , p. 236, at Google Books
  44. ↑ "Stamp catalog : Stamp ' Iris elegantissima". colnect.com. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

Sources

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima at Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima at Wikispecies

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.