Iris maackii

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Iris maackii
Iris maackii Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, ser. 3, 26 542 (1880) (50008393526).jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Laevigatae
Species:
I. maackii
Binomial name
Iris maackii
Synonyms [1]
  • Iris pseudacorus var. mandshuricaL.H.Bailey
  • Limniris maackii(Maxim.) Rodion.

Iris maackii is a species in the genus Iris ; it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Laevigatae . It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China and eastern Russia. It has sword-shaped grey-green leaves, and has many branched flowering stems that carry flowers in May that come in various shades of yellow.

Contents

Description

Iris maackii has a thick rhizome. [2]

It has sword-shaped grey-green leaves, which grow up to 18" long [3] (or between 20 and 45 cm long and about 1 cm wide). [2] The leaves have a fan-like appearance. [4]

It has several branched flowering stems (or scape) which can reach about 80 cm (31 in) tall in May. [2] [4] [3] The oval-shaped spathes are green (measuring 5 cm × 1.5 cm) and having between 1 and 2 flowers per stem. [2] The flowers come in various shades of yellow, from creamy-yellow, [5] to yellow, [2] [3] and are about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter, [2] [3] with a perianth tube of 1 cm long. It has yellow anthers on 2.5 cm (0.98 in) long stamens. [2]

Between June and August, it sets seed. The capsules are ellipsoid-cylindric (6–9 cm long and 1.5 cm wide). They have 6 ribs and end in a beak-like point. Inside are maroon brown seeds that are about 7 × 5 mm in size. [2] The seed heads can be another garden feature of the plant. [4] [3]

Taxonomy

It was first published (and described) by Karl Maximovich in Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg in 1880. [6] It was published as Limniris maackii in Botanicheskii Zhurnal (published in Moscow & Leningrad) on 18 Apr 2007, [7] but this was classed as a synonym of Iris maackii, whose name was accepted by Nina Alexeyeva in her book of 2008 Genus Iris L., written in Russian and published in the journal Turczaninowia. [8]

It is known as 乌苏里鸢尾 or wu su li yuan wei in China. [9] [2]

The specific epithet maackii, refers to the Russian explorer and naturalist Richard Otto Maack. [10]

The original collection consisted of seed pods only, later named as a synonym of Iris laevigata before being re-classified as a species. [2] [11]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 10 March 2017. [9]

Iris maackii is now an accepted name by the RHS. [12] Although it is not an accepted name at Kew Gardens in the UK, it is thought to be very similar to Iris laevigata, especially its seeds and capsules. The Kew botanists currently call it Iris maackii, due to no other acceptable name. [2] [5]

Distribution and habitat

Iris maackii is native to China and Russia. [9]

Range

It is located on moist soils near ponds and lakes from northeastern China into eastern Russia. [5] [3] [13] Like Iris typhifolia , it can be found near to the Amur River and Ussuri River swamps, along the Russian/Chinese border. [11] Also near East Heilongjiang, Liaoning in China. [2]

Habitat

It is found in damp places near ponds and lakes at altitudes of between near sea level, [13] rising up to 300 m (above sea level). [2]

Cultivation

It can be seen at the Arboretum and Botanical Garden, University of Bergen, Norway. [14]

It is listed in Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia. [15]

It is similar to Iris pseudacorus , in cultivation use and form. [11] [5] It is hardy to USDA Zone 6. [4]

It can hybridize with many other irises. [11]

Related Research Articles

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Iris delavayi is a species of flowering plant in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Sibiricae of the family Iridaceae. This rhizomatous herbaceous perennial comes from various provinces in China. It has grey-green leaves, long hollow stem, and 2 flowers in various blue shades. From dark violet, dark purple, purple-blue, dark blue to light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

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<i>Iris ser. Laevigatae</i> Group of flowering plants

Iris ser. Laevigatae is a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris.

<i>Iris lactea</i> Species of plant

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<i>Iris ruthenica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris ruthenica, sometimes called ever blooming iris, Russian iris, pilgrim iris and Hungarian iris, is a species in the genus Iris- subgenus Limniris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with a wide distribution, ranging from eastern Europe to Central Asia. It has grass-like leaves, thick stem and violet or bluish lavender flowers which are marked with violet veining.

Iris loczyi is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from a wide area of Asia, including Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Tibet and China. It has long thin grey green leaves, long stems and 1 flower in pale violet, blue violet, lavender or light blue.

Iris songarica is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Central Asia, located in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has long strap-like leaves, a long stem and 2–3 flowers in shades of violet, dark blue, to lavender blue.

<i>Iris tenuifolia</i> Species of plant

Iris tenuifolia is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from a wide region over central Asia, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, ; Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia and in China. It has long greyish-green leaves, short stem and pale violet, lilac, pale blue, or purple flowers.

Iris ventricosa is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Asia and the Russian Federation, to Mongolia and China. It has grey-green leaves, short flowers stems and 1–2 pale violet or pale blue flowers.

<i>Iris halophila</i> Species of plant

Iris halophila is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with yellow, white or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It comes from a wide range from eastern Europe to China in Asia. It was known for a long while as a subspecies of Iris spuria, before being treated as a separate species in its own right.

Iris ludwigii, with the common name Ludwig iris, is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant with violet-blue flowers. It is native to the Altai Mountains in Central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan meet. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris pseudonotha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with lilac and yellow flowers. It is commonly known as Lozhnonenastoyaschy Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris falcifolia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is a small plant, with sickle-shaped greyish-green leaves, lilac-violet flowers and darker veining, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, temperate regions.

Iris bloudowii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, with sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem and 2 bright or pale yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris mandshurica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, it is found in Russia, China, and Korea. It has green sword-like leaves, smooth green stem and yellow flowers, with yellow-purple veining and a yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris potaninii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris potaninii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Siberia in Russia, Mongolia and China. It is a dwarf plant, having either subterranean or very small stems, long thin leaves and yellow, or dark violet to purplish blue flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris stolonifera</i> Species of plant

Iris stolonifera is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkestan, between Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. It has red-skinned stolon roots and rhizomes, glaucous, long, blue-grey leaves, and bi-coloured flowers, in various shades from milky white, to blue, purple, pale lilac, lavender and brown. It normally has blue to yellow beards on all the petals.

<i>Iris scariosa</i> Species of plant

Iris scariosa is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountainsides of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has sword-like, or sickle shaped, blue green or grey-green leaves, a short flowering stem, 3 or 4 membranous or semi-transparent flower bud leaves, 2 violet, reddish violet, lilac, blue-purple, or blue flowers in late spring, with yellow or white beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and Iris glaucescens became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again. Although some sources still call it the main species, despite a slight colour difference.

Iris camillae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Azerbaijan. It has narrow, falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, medium-sized stem and large flowers, where the flower colour is very variable, ranging from violet, purple, pale blue, and also yellow, and occasionally bi-colour forms are found. It has a yellow beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its environmental conditions of its natural habitat.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "FOC Vol. 24 Page 301". efloras.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Iris maackii". missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Iris maackii". plantlust.com. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Hall, Tony (2013). "Canadian Iris Society, CIS newsletter, Winter 2013 Volume 57 Issue 1" (PDF). e-clipse.ca (Canadian Iris Society). p. 13. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  6. "Iridaceae Iris maackii Maxim". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  7. "Iridaceae Limniris maackii (Maxim.) Rodion". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  8. "(SPEC) Iris Maackii Maxim". irises.org. 6 July 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 "Iris maackii". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  10. Allen J. Coombes The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants , p. 196, at Google Books
  11. 1 2 3 4 Waddick, James (7 June 2008). "WAS:Notholirion & Iris; NOW: Just Iris". pacificbulbsociety.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  12. "Iris maackii". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  13. 1 2 Walker, Kent (16 May 2009). "iris maackii". signa.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  14. "Iris maackii". irisbg.com. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  15. Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box (Editors) Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia , p. 79, at Google Books

Sources