Ischnura

Ischnura
Ischnura heterosticta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Odonata
Suborder:	Zygoptera
Family:	Coenagrionidae
Genus:	Ischnura Charpentier, 1840 [1]
Synonyms
BoninagrionAsahina, 1952

Ischnura is a genus of damselflies known as forktails or bluetails in the family Coenagrionidae. ^[2] The genus is distributed worldwide, including various oceanic islands. The males have a forked projection and blue segments at the tip of the abdomen which give the group their common names. ^[3]

Characteristics

Forktails are small or very small damselflies. The compound eyes of mature individuals have a dark upper region and contrasting lower part. The thorax is often green and may have lateral stripes and the abdomen in males is black with a blue tip. Females of some species are polymorphic, some being orangish and darkening with age, while others resemble the male. ^[3]

Species

The genus Ischnura includes the following species: ^{[4] [5]}

• Ischnura abyssinica Martin, 1908
• Ischnura acuticauda Lieftinck, 1959
• Ischnura albistigma Fraser, 1927
• Ischnura aralensis Haritonov, 1979
• Ischnura ariel Lieftinck, 1949
• Ischnura asiatica (Brauer, 1865) – Redtail ^[6]
• Ischnura aurora Brauer, 1865 – Aurora bluetail ^[6]
• Ischnura barberi Currie, 1903 – Desert forktail ^[7]
• Ischnura buxtoni Fraser, 1927
• Ischnura capreolus (Hagen, 1861)
• Ischnura cardinalis Kimmins, 1929
• Ischnura cervula Selys, 1876 – Pacific forktail ^[7]
• Ischnura chingaza Realpe, 2010
• Ischnura chromostigma Fraser, 1927
• Ischnura cruzi De Marmels, 1987
• Ischnura cyane Realpe, 2010
• Ischnura damula Calvert, 1902 – Plains forktail ^[8]
• Ischnura demorsa (Hagen, 1861) – Mexican forktail ^[8]
• Ischnura denticollis (Burmeister, 1839) – Black-fronted forktail ^{[7] [9]}
• Ischnura dorothea Fraser, 1924
• Ischnura elegans (vanderLinden, 1823) – Blue-tailed damselfly ^[10]
• Ischnura erratica Calvert, 1895 – Swift forktail ^[7]
• Ischnura evansi Morton, 1919 – Blue-banded damsel^{[ citation needed ]}
• Ischnura ezoin (Asahina, 1952)
• Ischnura filosa Schmidt, 1951
• Ischnura fluviatilis Selys, 1876
• Ischnura forcipata Morton, 1907
• Ischnura fountaineae Morton, 1905 – Oasis bluetail ^[11]
• Ischnura gemina (Kennedy, 1917) – San Francisco forktail ^[7]
• Ischnura genei (Rambur, 1842) – Island bluetail ^[11]
• Ischnura graellsii (Rambur, 1842) – Iberian bluetail ^[11]
• Ischnura haemastigma Fraser, 1927
• Ischnura hastata (Say, 1839) – Citrine forktail ^[7]
• Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister, 1839) – Common bluetail ^[6]
• Ischnura inarmata Calvert, 1898
• Ischnura indivisa (Ris, 1918)
• Ischnura intermedia Dumont 1974
• Ischnura isoetes Lieftinck, 1949
• Ischnura karafutonis Matsumura, 1931^{[ citation needed ]}
• Ischnura kellicotti Williamson, 1898 – Lilypad forktail ^[12]
• Ischnura luta Polhemus, Asquith & Miller, 2000
• Ischnura ordosi Bartenev, 1912
• Ischnura pamelae Vick & Davies, 1988
• Ischnura perparva Selys, 1876 – Western forktail ^{[7] [12]}
• Ischnura posita (Hagen, 1861) – Fragile forktail ^{[9] [12]}
• Ischnura prognata (Hagen, 1861) – Furtive forktail ^[12]
• Ischnura pruinescens (Tillyard, 1906) – Colourful bluetail ^[6]
• Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825) – Small bluetail or scarce blue-tailed damselfly ^[10]
• Ischnura ramburii (Selys, 1850) – Rambur's forktail ^[7]
• Ischnura rhodosoma Lieftinck, 1959
• Ischnura rubella Navás, 1934
• Ischnura rufostigma Selys, 1876
• Ischnura rufovittata (Blanchard, 1843)
• Ischnura saharensis Aguesse, 1958 – Sahara bluetail ^[13]
• Ischnura sanguinostigma Fraser, 1953
• Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) – Marsh bluetail ^[14]
• Ischnura spinicauda Brauer, 1865
• Ischnura stueberi Lieftinck, 1932
• Ischnura taitensis Selys, 1876
• Ischnura thelmae Lieftinck, 1966
• Ischnura ultima Ris, 1908
• † Ischnura velteni Bechly, 2000 ^[15]
• Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1839) – Eastern forktail ^{[9] [12]}
• Ischnura vinsoni Fraser, 1949

References

1. Charpentier, T. (1840). Libellulinae Europaeae Descriptae et Depictae (in Latin). Leipzig: Leopold Voss. pp. 180 [20]. hdl:2027/nyp.33433011575317.
2. "Genus Ischnura Charpentier, 1840". Australian Faunal Directory . Australian Biological Resources Study. 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
3. Paulson, Dennis (2009). Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press. p. 107. ISBN   978-1-4008-3294-1.
4. Paulson, D.; Schorr, M.; Abbott, J.; Bota-Sierra, C.; Deliry, C.; Dijkstra, K.-D.; Lozano, F. "World Odonata List". OdonataCentral, University of Alabama.
5. "Odonata species list". Swedish Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 17 January 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
6. Günther Theischinger; John Hawking (2006). The complete field guide to dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN   0-643-09073-8.
7. "California Damselflies". Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Southwest. Archived from the original on 2009-09-23.
8. "Species List: Damselflies". azdragonfly.net. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
9. Abbott, John (2008). Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) of Texas, Vol 3. Odonata Survey of Texas. ISBN   978-0-615-19494-3.
10. "Checklist of UK Species". British Dragonfly Society . Retrieved 5 August 2010.
11. "Checklist, English common names". DragonflyPix.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
12. "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
13. Samraoui, B. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2010). "Ischnura saharensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T165477A6031236. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T165477A6031236.en . Retrieved 24 December 2017.
14. Sharma, G.; Clausnitzer, V. (2016). "Ischnura senegalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T59897A75436136. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59897A75436136.en . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
15. Toussaint, E. F. A.; Bybee, S. M.; Erickson, R. J.; Condamine, F. L. (8 February 2019). "Forest giants on different evolutionary branches: Ecomorphological convergence in helicopter damselflies". Evolution. 73 (5): 1045–1054. doi:10.1111/evo.13695. PMID   30734925. S2CID   73426853.