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Jerrold Lee Shapiro is an American clinical psychologist and professor in the Santa Clara University Counseling Psychology graduate program. [1] He is a licensed clinical psychologist (HI, 1974; CA, 1978) and a Fellow of the American Psychological Association.
Shapiro is a graduate of Boston Latin School (1960), Colby College (A.B., 1964), Northwestern University (M.A., 1967) and The University of Waterloo (Ph.D., Clinical Psychology, 1970). He held internships at the VA Outpatient Clinic in Boston, MA, Downey VA Hospital (IL) Hawaii State Hospital (Kaneohe, HI) and Hamilton (Ontario) Psychiatric Hospital. [2]
He has been a professor at Santa Clara University (1982–present) in the graduate department of Counseling Psychology, also serving as the chairman of the graduate program (2001-2007; 2012–2013). Dr. Shapiro was director of Santa Clara University's College of Professional Development from 2002 to 2014. Prior to his professorship at Santa Clara University, Shapiro was a professor at St. Bonaventure University (1969-1970), The University of Hawaii (1970-1982; Dept. Chair 1971–1973), visiting professor at UC Santa Cruz (1978–79), and a myriad of clinical psychology and family therapy programs. [2]
He has served on editorial boards of professional journals (PsycCritiques; Family Therapy) [2] and as an ad hoc reviewer for several journals and book publishers.
Shapiro was first licensed in Hawaii in 1974 and later in California in 1978. During his career, he has held advanced certifications: A Diplomate from the American Board of Medical Psychotherapists (ABMP, 1987–2010), a Certified Clinical Consultant by American Society of Clinical Hypnosis (1994-2006), certified by the National Registry of Certified Group Therapists (1997-2006), and listed in the National Register of Health Care Providers in Psychology (1978–2019). [2]
From 1970 until 2020, Shapiro was engaged in the part-time practice of individual, group, couple and family psychotherapy. He was a partner in the King Kalakaua Center for Humanistic Psychotherapy in Honolulu from 1974 to 1982, a member of Spectrum Comprehensive Mental Health, and partner in a private practice in Los Altos, CA. He was also a visiting staff counselor at the Counseling Center (Crown & Kresge Colleges), University of California, Santa Cruz 1978–1979. [2]
He was founding/managing partner of Family Business Solutions, a consulting firm that specialized in Family Business. In particular, the consultation is designed to help family and closely held businesses through transitions.
Among his consultations are several with the U.S. Air Force in the Pacific, U.S. Army (Hawaii) and Navy (Pearl Harbor). These have been primarily focused on Command Communications Equal Opportunities, Race Relations, family life and combat veterans' needs.
From 1994 to 2001, Shapiro was president of PsyJourn, a psychotherapy-oriented software company. The company produced homework modules for patients to use between psychotherapy sessions. The modules were successfully clinically tested and shown to enhance the effectiveness of group therapy in the treatment of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and for training future clinicians at Santa Clara University.
Shapiro's research has ranged from a lengthy series of empirical studies on the outcome effectiveness of group therapy, and interview-based studies of fatherhood, psychotherapist training, couple therapy, and the life transition after midlife. A number of journal, book publications, book chapters, and presentations at professional meetings in each area have ensued.
Based on the pioneering empirical effectiveness research on brief closed groups in the 1970s, he developed a vertically integrated group leader training program. The model program was instituted at the University of Hawaii (1972) and subsequently at Santa Clara University (1982), where it continues. [4] The training involves separate classes in group theory and practice, membership in a training group, advanced class in group leadership, co-leadership of a training group with an experienced professional and finally senior leadership after licensure.
Shapiro's other signature work was a two decade study of the male experience of fatherhood. These interview and clinically informed studies ranged from expectant fathering (When She’s Pregnant: The Essential Guide for Expectant Fathers, [5] When Men are Pregnant: Needs and Concerns of Expectant Fathers, [6] Becoming a Father: Contemporary Social, Developmental and Clinical Perspectives) [7] to lifelong fatherhood and father-child interactions (The Measure of a Man: Becoming the Father You Wish Your Father Had Been) [8] Most importantly, the work underscores the psychological influence of a man's relationship with his own father (or significant male figures) to the manner in which he subsequently approaches his children. His fatherhood work was part of a renewed interest in men and fatherhood that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s and is finding continuing exploration in the 21st Century. Until this time, during most of the Twentieth Century, parenting and research was almost exclusively focused on motherhood.
Shapiro has authored, edited, and contributed to over twenty books, many of which have been published in numerous languages. His book publications include:
Additionally, he has authored 51 professional refereed articles, 17 chapters in professional edited collections, several peer book reviews, 15 trade publications and over 150 presentations & symposia. [2]
Shapiro has served as a media expert for the American Psychological Association and for Santa Clara University. He has appeared on over 200 radio and television programs, locally across the U.S. and Canada, nationally ( e.g., CBS morning Show, CBS Evening News, ABC News, NBC, NPR, The Oprah Winfrey Show, CNN, WWOR, AP Radio, Mutual), and internationally (e.g., AFRTS, CHUM). [2]
His work on fatherhood has been cited with major spreads in a host of popular publications including the newspapers: New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Boston Globe, San Jose Mercury News, Toronto Globe and Mail, Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Nashville Banner), popular periodicals, (e.g., Time, People, Parents, Parenting, Self, Bridal Guide, Men’s Health, Ladies Home Journal, Bottom Line Personal, Playboy, Men’s Health), and numerous websites geared to parenting, male-female relationships and child-rearing [2]
Finally, he has authored articles for Parents, The San Francisco Sunday Examiner, and Psychology Today. [2]
Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome problems. Psychotherapy aims to improve an individual's well-being and mental health, to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviors, beliefs, compulsions, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships and social skills. Numerous types of psychotherapy have been designed either for individual adults, families, or children and adolescents. Certain types of psychotherapy are considered evidence-based for treating some diagnosed mental disorders; other types have been criticized as pseudoscience.
A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior. Their work often involves the experimentation, observation, and interpretation of how individuals relate to each other and to their environments.
Clinical psychology is an integration of human science, behavioral science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development. Central to its practice are psychological assessment, clinical formulation, and psychotherapy, although clinical psychologists also engage in research, teaching, consultation, forensic testimony, and program development and administration. In many countries, clinical psychology is a regulated mental health profession.
Counseling psychology is a psychological specialty that began with a focus on vocational counseling, but later moved its emphasis to adjustment counseling, and then expanded to cover all normal psychology psychotherapy. There are many subcategories for counseling psychology, such as marriage and family counseling, rehabilitation counseling, clinical mental health counseling, educational counseling, etc. In each setting, they are all required to follow the same guidelines.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy that is controversial within the psychological community. It was devised by Francine Shapiro in 1987 and originally designed to alleviate the distress associated with traumatic memories such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers and colleagues beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's actualizing tendency, "an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment", via acceptance, therapist congruence (genuineness), and empathic understanding.
Supervision is used in counselling, psychotherapy, and other mental health disciplines as well as many other professions engaged in working with people. Supervision may be applied as well to practitioners in somatic disciplines for their preparatory work for patients as well as collateral with patients. Supervision is a replacement instead of formal retrospective inspection, delivering evidence about the skills of the supervised practitioners.
John Rowan was an English author, counsellor, psychotherapist and clinical supervisor, known for being one of the pioneers of humanistic psychology and integrative psychotherapy. He worked in exploring transpersonal psychology, and wrote about the concept of subpersonality.
Francine Shapiro was an American psychologist and educator who originated and developed eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), a form of psychotherapy for resolving the symptoms of traumatic and other disturbing life experiences.
The therapeutic relationship refers to the relationship between a healthcare professional and a client or patient. It is the means by which a therapist and a client hope to engage with each other and effect beneficial change in the client.
Leslie Samuel Greenberg is a Canadian psychologist born in Johannesburg, South Africa, and is one of the originators and primary developers of Emotion-Focused Therapy for individuals and couples. He is a professor emeritus of psychology at York University in Toronto, and also director of the Emotion-Focused Therapy Clinic in Toronto. His research has addressed questions regarding empathy, psychotherapy process, the therapeutic alliance, and emotion in human functioning.
Although modern, scientific psychology is often dated from the 1879 opening of the first psychological clinic by Wilhelm Wundt, attempts to create methods for assessing and treating mental distress existed long before. The earliest recorded approaches were a combination of religious, magical and/or medical perspectives. Early examples of such psychological thinkers included Patañjali, Padmasambhava, Rhazes, Avicenna and Rumi.
A clinical formulation, also known as case formulation and problem formulation, is a theoretically-based explanation or conceptualisation of the information obtained from a clinical assessment. It offers a hypothesis about the cause and nature of the presenting problems and is considered an adjunct or alternative approach to the more categorical approach of psychiatric diagnosis. In clinical practice, formulations are used to communicate a hypothesis and provide framework for developing the most suitable treatment approach. It is most commonly used by clinical psychologists and is deemed to be a core component of that profession. Mental health nurses, social workers, and some psychiatrists may also use formulations.
Common factors theory, a theory guiding some research in clinical psychology and counseling psychology, proposes that different approaches and evidence-based practices in psychotherapy and counseling share common factors that account for much of the effectiveness of a psychological treatment. This is in contrast to the view that the effectiveness of psychotherapy and counseling is best explained by specific or unique factors that are suited to treatment of particular problems.
Shauna L. Shapiro is a professor of psychology at Santa Clara University who works on mindfulness.
Mike Abrams is an American psychologist and co-author with Albert Ellis of several works on rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). He is best known for extending CBT to include principles of evolutionary psychology and collaborating with the founder of CBT Albert Ellis to develop many new applications to for these clinical modalities. His new clinical method which applies evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics to CBT is called Informed Cognitive Therapy (ICT).
Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is a system of psychotherapy developed by Paul Gilbert that integrates techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy with concepts from evolutionary psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, Buddhist psychology, and neuroscience. According to Gilbert, "One of its key concerns is to use compassionate mind training to help people develop and work with experiences of inner warmth, safeness and soothing, via compassion and self-compassion."
Victor Campbell Meyer, or Vic Meyer, was a British psychologist at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School of the University of London and has been called the father of behavioral case formulation, an approach toward understanding complex psychiatric problems using learning principles derived from scientific psychological research and uniquely adapted to the individual case by means of the experimental method as a way to develop an effective intervention regimen. Meyer is credited by the British Psychological Society for his influential work in creating case formulation along with three other innovators: Hans Eysenck, Monte B. Shapiro, and Ira Turkat. Turkat credited Meyer as the pioneer of the framework of what is generally known today as case formulation, a required core skill for all British practicing psychologists since 2011.
Donald H. Meichenbaum is an American psychologist and Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Waterloo, Ontario. He is a research director of the Melissa Institute for Violence Prevention and Treatment at the University of Miami. Meichenbaum is known for his research and publications on psychotherapy, and contributed to the development of the technique of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). In 1982, a survey of 800 members of the American Psychological Association voted Meichenbaum the tenth most influential psychotherapist of the 20th century. At the time of his retirement from the University of Waterloo in 1998, Meichenbaum was the most-cited psychology researcher at a Canadian university.
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